sv11za
As filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on July 11, 2011
Registration
No. 333-173890
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
Amendment No. 2
to
Form S-11
FOR REGISTRATION UNDER THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
OF SECURITIES OF CERTAIN REAL ESTATE COMPANIES
ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL,
INC.
(Exact name of registrant as
specified in its governing instruments)
3305 Flamingo Drive, Vero Beach, Florida 32963
(772) 231-1400
(Address, including zip
code, and telephone number, including area code, of
registrants principal executive offices)
Robert E. Cauley
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
3305 Flamingo Drive, Vero Beach, Florida 32963
(772) 231-1400
(Name, address, including
zip code and telephone number, including area code, of agent for
service)
copies to:
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S. Gregory Cope
Hunton & Williams LLP
Riverfront Plaza, East Tower
951 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
(804) 788-8388
(804) 343-4833
(facsimile)
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Bonnie A. Barsamian
Valerie Ford Jacob
Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP
One New York Plaza
New York, New York 10004
(212) 859-8226
(212) 859-4000 (facsimile)
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Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the
public: As soon as practicable after the
effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any of the Securities being registered on this Form are to be
offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to
Rule 415 under the Securities Act, check the following
box. o
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an
offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act,
check the following box and list the Securities Act registration
statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same
offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to
Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to
Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. o
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to
Rule 434, check the following
box. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large
accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated
filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of
large accelerated filer, accelerated
filer and smaller reporting company in Rule
12b-2 of the
Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated
filer o
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Accelerated
filer o
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Non-accelerated
filer þ
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Smaller reporting
company o
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(Do not check if a smaller
reporting company)
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on
such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective
date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that this Registration Statement shall
thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a)
of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration
Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission,
acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The
information in this prospectus is not complete and may be
changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration
statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is
effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these
securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these
securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not
permitted.
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Subject to Completion, dated
July 11, 2011
PROSPECTUS
7,500,000 Shares
Common Stock
Orchid Island Capital, Inc., a Maryland corporation, invests in
residential mortgage-backed securities the principal and
interest payments of which are guaranteed by a
U.S. Government agency or a U.S. Government-sponsored
entity. We will be externally managed and advised by Bimini
Advisors, Inc., or our Manager, a wholly-owned subsidiary of
Bimini Capital Management, Inc., or Bimini. Bimini is an
existing real estate investment trust for U.S. federal
income tax purposes, or REIT, incorporated in Maryland whose
common stock is traded on the OTC Bulletin Board under the
symbol BMNM.
This is our initial public offering. We are offering
7,500,000 shares of our common stock. We currently expect
the initial public offering price of our common stock to be
between $10.00 and $12.00 per share. Prior to this offering,
there has been no public market for our common stock. We have
applied to have our common stock listed on the New York
Stock Exchange, or the NYSE, under the symbol ORC.
Concurrently with this offering, we intend to sell in a separate
private placement to Bimini warrants to purchase an aggregate of
4,500,000 shares of our common stock. The aggregate
purchase price of such warrants will be $2,475,000. Each warrant
will be exercisable into one share of our common stock at an
exercise price of 110% of the price per share of the common
stock sold in this offering, subject to certain adjustments. See
Description of Securities Warrants. The
warrants will become exercisable upon the completion of this
offering and will expire at the close of business
on ,
2018.
We are organized and intend to conduct our operations to qualify
as a REIT. To assist us in qualifying as a REIT, among other
purposes, ownership of our stock by any person is generally
limited to 9.8% in value or number of shares, whichever is more
restrictive, of any class or series of our stock, except that
Bimini may own up to 44% of our common stock so long as Bimini
continues to qualify as a REIT. Our charter also contains
various other restrictions on the ownership and transfer of our
common stock, see Description of Securities
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.
Investing in our
common stock involves risks. See Risk Factors
beginning on page 25 of this prospectus.
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Per Share
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Total
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Price to the public
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$
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$
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Underwriting discounts and
commissions(1)
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$
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$
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Proceeds to us (before
expenses)(2)
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$
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$
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(1)
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Upon the completion of this
offering, the underwriters will be entitled to receive
$ per share from us for the shares
sold in this offering. Our Manager will pay the underwriters the
remaining $ per share for the
shares sold in this offering on a deferred basis after the
completion of this offering.
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(2)
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Our obligation to pay for the
expenses of this offering will be capped at 1.0% of the total
gross proceeds from this offering. Our Manager will pay any
offering expenses incurred above this 1.0% cap.
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We have granted the underwriters the option to purchase
1,125,000 additional shares of common stock on the same terms
and conditions set forth above within 30 days after the
date of this prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state
securities commission has approved or disapproved of these
securities or passed on the adequacy or accuracy of this
prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
Barclays Capital, on behalf of the underwriters, expects to
deliver the shares on or
about ,
2011.
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Barclays
Capital |
JMP Securities |
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Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.
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Oppenheimer & Co.
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Lazard Capital
Markets
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Sterne Agee
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Prospectus
dated ,
2011
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
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Page
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1
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23
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25
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54
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55
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56
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57
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58
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60
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72
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76
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77
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91
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100
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109
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112
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117
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118
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123
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124
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148
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150
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157
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157
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158
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F-1
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You should rely only on the information contained in this
prospectus and any free writing prospectus that we authorize to
be delivered to you. We have not, and the underwriters have not,
authorized any other person to provide you with any additional
or different information. If anyone provides you with
additional, different or inconsistent information, you should
not rely on it. We are not, and the underwriters are not, making
an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the
offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the
information appearing in this prospectus is accurate only as of
the date on the front cover of this prospectus or another date
specified herein. Our business, financial condition and
prospects may have changed since such dates.
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PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY
This section summarizes information contained elsewhere in
this prospectus. It is not complete and may not contain all of
the information that you may want to consider before making an
investment in our common stock. You should read this entire
prospectus carefully, including the section titled Risk
Factors and our financial statements and related notes,
before making an investment in our common stock. As used in this
prospectus, Orchid, Company,
we, our, and us refer to
Orchid Island Capital, Inc., except where the context otherwise
requires. References to our Manager refer to Bimini
Advisors, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bimini Capital
Management, Inc. References to Bimini and
Bimini Capital refer to Bimini Capital Management,
Inc. Unless otherwise indicated, the information in this
prospectus assumes (i) the underwriters will not exercise
their option to purchase up to 1,125,000 additional shares of
our common stock, and (ii) that the shares of our common
stock to be sold in this offering will be sold at $11.00 per
share, which is the mid-point of the price range set forth on
the front cover of this prospectus. Unless otherwise indicated
or the context requires, all information in this prospectus
relating to the number of shares of common stock to be
outstanding after the completion of this offering reflects a
stock dividend of 7.0922 shares for each share of common stock
that we will effect immediately prior to the completion of this
offering. See Description of Securities
General.
Our
Company
Orchid Island Capital, Inc. is a specialty finance company that
invests in residential mortgage-backed securities, or RMBS. The
principal and interest payments of these RMBS are guaranteed by
the Federal National Mortgage Association, or Fannie Mae, the
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or Freddie Mac, or the
Government National Mortgage Association, or Ginnie Mae, and are
backed by primarily single-family residential mortgage loans. We
refer to these types of RMBS as Agency RMBS. Our investment
strategy focuses on, and our portfolio consists of, two
categories of Agency RMBS: (i) traditional pass-through
Agency RMBS and (ii) structured Agency RMBS, such as
collateralized mortgage obligations, or CMOs, interest only
securities, or IOs, inverse interest only securities, or IIOs,
and principal only securities, or POs, among other types of
structured Agency RMBS.
Our business objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted
total returns to our investors over the long term through a
combination of capital appreciation and the payment of regular
quarterly distributions. We intend to achieve this objective by
investing in and strategically allocating capital between the
two categories of Agency RMBS described above. We seek to
generate income from (i) the net interest margin, which is
the spread or difference between the interest income we earn on
our assets and the interest cost of our related borrowing and
hedging activities, on our leveraged pass-through Agency RMBS
portfolio and the leveraged portion of our structured Agency
RMBS portfolio, and (ii) the interest income we generate
from the unleveraged portion of our structured Agency RMBS
portfolio. We intend to fund our pass-through Agency RMBS and
certain of our structured Agency RMBS, such as fixed and
floating rate tranches of CMOs and POs, through short-term
borrowings structured as repurchase agreements. However, we do
not intend to employ leverage on the securities in our
structured Agency RMBS portfolio that have no principal balance,
such as IOs and IIOs. We do not intend to use leverage in these
instances because these securities contain structural leverage.
Pass-through Agency RMBS and structured Agency RMBS typically
exhibit materially different sensitivities to movements in
interest rates. Declines in the value of one portfolio may be
offset by appreciation in the other. The percentage of capital
that we allocate to our two Agency RMBS asset categories will
vary and will be actively managed in an effort to maintain the
level of income generated by the combined portfolios, the
stability of that income stream and the stability of the value
of the combined portfolios. We believe that this strategy will
enhance our liquidity, earnings, book value stability and asset
selection opportunities in various interest rate environments.
We were formed by Bimini in August 2010. We commenced operations
on November 24, 2010, and through March 31, 2011,
Bimini had contributed approximately $7.5 million in cash
to us. Bimini has agreed to contribute an additional $7.5
million in cash to us prior to the completion of this offering
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pursuant to a subscription agreement to purchase additional
shares of our common stock. Bimini is currently our sole
stockholder. Bimini has managed our portfolio since inception by
utilizing the same investment strategy that we expect our
Manager and its experienced RMBS investment team to continue to
employ after completion of this offering. As of March 31,
2011, our Agency RMBS portfolio had a fair value of
approximately $28.9 million and was comprised of
approximately 83.5%
pass-through
Agency RMBS and 16.5% structured Agency RMBS. Our net asset
value as of March 31, 2011 was approximately
$7.5 million.
We intend to qualify and will elect to be taxed as a REIT under
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code,
commencing with our short taxable year ending December 31,
2011. We generally will not be subject to U.S. federal
income tax to the extent that we annually distribute all of our
REIT taxable income to our stockholders and qualify as a REIT.
Our
Manager
We are currently managed by Bimini. Upon completion of this
offering, we will be externally managed and advised by Bimini
Advisors, Inc., or our Manager, pursuant to the terms of a
management agreement. Our Manager is a newly-formed Maryland
corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Bimini. Our Manager
will be responsible for administering our business activities
and
day-to-day
operations, subject to the supervision and oversight of our
Board of Directors. Members of Biminis and our
Managers senior management team will also serve as our
executive officers. We will not have any employees.
Bimini is a mortgage REIT that has operated since 2003 and, as
of March 31, 2011, had approximately $117 million of
pass-through Agency RMBS and structured Agency RMBS. Bimini has
employed its investment strategy with its own portfolio since
the third quarter of 2008 and with our portfolio since our
inception. We expect that our Manager will continue to employ
this strategy after the completion of this offering. We were
formed and have been managed by Bimini as a vehicle through
which Bimini could employ its same investment strategy and
pursue growth and capital-raising opportunities. As a result of
the adverse impact of its legacy mortgage origination business,
Bimini has been unable to raise capital on attractive terms to
finance the growth of its own portfolio. Bimini may seek to
raise capital in the future if and when it is able to do so. For
additional information regarding Bimini, see
About Bimini.
Our Investment
and Capital Allocation Strategy
Our Investment
Strategy
Our business objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted
total returns to our investors over the long term through a
combination of capital appreciation and the payment of regular
quarterly distributions. We intend to achieve this objective by
investing in and strategically allocating capital between
pass-through Agency RMBS and structured Agency RMBS. We seek to
generate income from (i) the net interest margin on our
leveraged pass-through Agency RMBS portfolio and the leveraged
portion of our structured Agency RMBS portfolio, and
(ii) the interest income we generate from the unleveraged
portion of our structured Agency RMBS portfolio. We also seek to
minimize the volatility of both the net asset value of, and
income from, our portfolio through a process which emphasizes
capital allocation, asset selection, liquidity and active
interest rate risk management.
We intend to fund our pass-through Agency RMBS and certain of
our structured Agency RMBS, such as fixed and floating rate
tranches of CMOs and POs, through repurchase agreements.
However, we do not intend to employ leverage on our structured
Agency RMBS that have no principal balance, such as IOs and
IIOs. We do not intend to use leverage in these instances
because the securities contain structural leverage.
2
Our target asset categories and the principal assets in which we
intend to invest are as follows:
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Asset Categories
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Principal Assets
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Pass-through Agency RMBS
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Residential Mortgage Pass-Through
Certificates. Residential mortgage
pass-through certificates are securities representing interests
in pools of mortgage loans secured by residential
real property where payments of both interest and principal,
plus pre-paid principal, on the securities are made monthly to
holders of the securities, in effect passing through
monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on the
mortgage loans that underlie the securities, net of fees paid to
the issuer/guarantor and servicers of the securities.
Pass-through certificates can be divided into various categories
based on the characteristics of the underlying mortgages, such
as the term or whether the interest rate is fixed or variable.
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The principal and interest payments of these Agency RMBS are
guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae and are
backed by primarily single-family residential mortgage loans. We
intend to invest in pass-through certificates with the three
following types of underlying loans:
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Fixed-Rate
Mortgages. Fixed-rate mortgages are mortgages
for which the borrower pays an interest rate that is constant
throughout the term of the loan.
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Adjustable-Rate Mortgages
(ARMs). ARMs are mortgages for which the
borrower pays an interest rate that varies over the term of the
loan.
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Hybrid ARMs. Hybrid ARMs
are mortgages that have a fixed-rate for the first few years of
the loan, often three, five or seven years, and thereafter reset
periodically like a traditional ARM.
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Structured Agency RMBS
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Collateralized Mortgage
Obligations. CMOs are securities that are
structured from residential mortgage pass-through certificates,
which receive monthly payments of principal and interest. CMOs
may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans, but are more
typically collateralized by portfolios of residential mortgage
pass-through securities issued directly by or under the auspices
of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae. CMOs divide the cash
flows which come from the underlying residential mortgage
pass-through certificates into different classes of securities
that may have different maturities and different weighted
average lives than the underlying residential mortgage
pass-through certificates.
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Interest Only Securities. IOs are
securities that are structured from residential mortgage
pass-through certificates, which receive monthly payments of
interest only. IOs represent the stream of interest payments on
a pool of mortgages, either fixed-rate mortgages or hybrid ARMs.
The value of IOs depends primarily on two factors, which are
prepayments and interest rates.
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Inverse Interest Only Securities. IIOs
are IOs that have interest rates that move in the opposite
direction of an interest rate index, such as LIBOR. The value of
IIOs depends primarily on three factors, which are prepayments,
LIBOR and term interest rates.
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Principal Only Securities. POs are securities
that are structured from residential mortgage pass-through
certificates, which receive monthly payments of principal only
and are, therefore, similar to zero coupon bonds. The value of
POs depends primarily on two factors, which are prepayments and
interest rates.
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Our investment strategy consists of the following components:
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investing in pass-through Agency RMBS and certain structured
Agency RMBS, such as fixed and floating rate tranches of CMOs
and POs, on a leveraged basis to increase returns on the capital
allocated to this portfolio;
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investing in certain structured Agency RMBS, such as IOs and
IIOs, on an unleveraged basis in order to (i) increase returns
due to the structural leverage contained in such securities,
(ii) enhance liquidity due to the fact that these
securities will be unencumbered and (iii) diversify
portfolio interest rate risk due to the different interest rate
sensitivity these securities have compared to pass-through
Agency RMBS;
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investing in Agency RMBS in order to minimize credit risk;
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investing in assets that will cause us to maintain our exclusion
from regulation as an investment company under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the Investment Company
Act; and
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investing in assets that will allow us to qualify and maintain
our qualification as a REIT.
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Our Manager will make investment decisions based on various
factors, including, but not limited to, relative value, expected
cash yield, supply and demand, costs of hedging, costs of
financing, liquidity requirements, expected future interest rate
volatility and the overall shape of the U.S. Treasury and
interest rate swap yield curves. We do not attribute any
particular quantitative significance to any of these factors,
and the weight we give to these factors depends on market
conditions and economic trends. We believe that this strategy,
combined with our Managers experienced RMBS investment
team, will enable us to provide attractive long-term returns to
our stockholders.
Capital
Allocation Strategy
The percentage of capital invested in our two asset categories
will vary and will be managed in an effort to maintain the level
of income generated by the combined portfolios, the stability of
that income stream and the stability of the value of the
combined portfolios. Typically, pass-through Agency RMBS and
structured Agency RMBS exhibit materially different
sensitivities to movements in interest rates. Declines in the
value of one portfolio may be offset by appreciation in the
other, although we cannot assure you that this will be the case.
Additionally, our Manager will seek to maintain adequate
liquidity as it allocates capital.
During periods of rising interest rates, refinancing
opportunities available to borrowers typically decrease because
borrowers are not able to refinance their current mortgage loans
with new mortgage loans at lower interest rates. In such
instances, securities that are highly sensitive to refinancing
activity, such as IOs and IIOs, typically increase in value. Our
capital allocation strategy allows us to redeploy our capital
into such securities when and if we believe interest rates will
be higher in the future, thereby allowing us to hold securities
the value of which we believe is likely to increase as interest
rates rise. Also, by being able to re-allocate capital into
structured Agency RMBS, such as IOs, during periods of rising
interest rates, we may be able to offset the likely decline in
the value of our pass-through Agency RMBS, which are negatively
impacted by rising interest rates.
Competitive
Strengths
We believe that our competitive strengths include:
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Ability to Successfully Allocate Capital between
Pass-Through and Structured Agency RMBS. We
seek to maximize our risk-adjusted returns by investing
exclusively in Agency RMBS, which has limited credit risk due to
the guarantee of principal and interest payments on such
securities by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae. Our Manager
will allocate capital between pass-through Agency RMBS and
structured Agency RMBS. The percentage of our capital we
allocate to our two asset categories will vary and will be
actively managed
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in an effort to maintain the level of income generated by the
combined portfolios, the stability of that income stream and the
stability of the value of the combined portfolios. We believe
this strategy will enhance our liquidity, earnings, book value
stability and asset selection opportunities in various interest
rate environments and provide us with a competitive advantage
over other REITs that invest in only pass-through Agency RMBS.
This is because, among other reasons, our investment and capital
allocation strategies allow us to move capital out of
pass-through Agency RMBS and into structured Agency RMBS in a
rising interest rate environment, which will protect our
portfolio from excess margin calls on our pass-through Agency
RMBS portfolio and reduced net interest margins, and allow us to
invest in securities, such as IOs, that have historically
performed well in a rising interest rate environment.
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Experienced RMBS Investment
Team. Robert Cauley, our Chief Executive
Officer and co-founder of Bimini, and Hunter Haas, our Chief
Investment Officer, have 19 and ten years of experience,
respectively, in analyzing, trading and investing in Agency
RMBS. Additionally, Messrs. Cauley and Haas each have over
seven years of experience managing Bimini, which is a
publicly-traded REIT that has invested in Agency RMBS since its
inception in 2003. Messrs. Cauley and Haas managed Bimini
through the recent housing market collapse and the related
adverse effects on the banking and financial system,
repositioning Biminis portfolio in response to adverse
market conditions. We believe this experience has enabled them
to recognize portfolio risk in advance, hedge such risk
accordingly and manage liquidity and borrowing risks during
adverse market conditions. We believe that
Messrs. Cauleys and Haass experience will
provide us with a competitive advantage over other management
teams that may not have experience managing a publicly-traded
mortgage REIT or managing a business similar to ours during
various interest rate and credit cycles, including the recent
housing market collapse.
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Clean Balance Sheet With an Implemented Investment
Strategy. As a recently-formed entity, we
intend to build on our existing investment portfolio. As of
March 31, 2011, our Agency RMBS portfolio had a fair value
of approximately $28.9 million and was comprised of
approximately 83.5% pass-through Agency RMBS and 16.5%
structured Agency RMBS. Our net asset value as of March 31,
2011 was approximately $7.5 million. Bimini has managed our
portfolio since inception by utilizing the same investment
strategy that we expect our Manager and its experienced RMBS
investment team to continue to employ after the completion of
this offering.
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Alignment of Interests. Upon completion
of this offering, Bimini will own 1,063,830 shares of our
common stock. Concurrently with this offering, we intend to sell
to Bimini warrants to purchase an aggregate of
4,500,000 shares of our common stock in a separate private
placement for an aggregate purchase price of $2,475,000. Upon
completion of this offering, Bimini will own common stock
representing approximately 12.42% of the outstanding shares of
our common stock (or 10.98% if the underwriters exercise their
option to purchase additional shares in full). Bimini has agreed
that, for a period of 365 days after the date of this
prospectus, it will not, without the prior written consent of
Barclays Capital Inc., dispose of or hedge any of (i) its
shares of our common stock, including any shares of our common
stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants it intends to
purchase in the concurrent private placement, (ii) the
warrants that it intends to purchase in the concurrent private
placement or (iii) any shares of common stock that it may
acquire after the completion of this offering, subject to
certain exceptions and extensions. We believe that Biminis
ownership of our common stock will align our Managers
interests with our interests.
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5
Summary Risk
Factors
An investment in our common stock involves material risks. Each
prospective purchaser of our common stock should consider
carefully the matters discussed under Risk Factors
beginning on page 25 before investing in our common stock.
Some of the risks include:
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The federal conservatorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and
related efforts, along with any changes in laws and regulations
affecting the relationship between Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
and the U.S. Government, may adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations and our ability to
pay distributions to our stockholders.
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Continued adverse developments in the broader residential
mortgage market have adversely affected Bimini and may
materially adversely affect our business, financial condition
and results of operations and our ability to pay distributions
to our stockholders.
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Interest rate mismatches between our Agency RMBS and our
borrowings may reduce our net interest margin during periods of
changing interest rates, which could materially adversely affect
our business, financial condition and results of operations and
our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
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We have not established a minimum distribution payment level,
and we cannot assure you of our ability to make distributions to
our stockholders in the future.
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Mortgage loan modification programs and future legislative
action may adversely affect the value of, and the returns on,
our Agency RMBS, which could materially adversely affect our
business, financial condition and results of operations and our
ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
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Increased levels of prepayments on the mortgages underlying our
Agency RMBS might decrease net interest income or result in a
net loss, which could materially adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations and our ability to
pay distributions to our stockholders.
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We invest in structured Agency RMBS, including CMOs,
IOs, IIOs and POs. Although structured Agency RMBS are
generally subject to the same risks as our pass-through Agency
RMBS, certain types of risks may be enhanced depending on the
type of structured Agency RMBS in which we invest.
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Our use of leverage could materially adversely affect our
business, financial condition and results of operations and our
ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
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Adverse market developments could cause our lenders to require
us to pledge additional assets as collateral. If our assets were
insufficient to meet these collateral requirements, we might be
compelled to liquidate particular assets at inopportune times
and at unfavorable prices, which could materially adversely
affect our business, financial condition and results of
operations and our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders.
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Hedging against interest rate exposure may not completely
insulate us from interest rate risk and could materially
adversely affect our business, financial condition and results
of operations and our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders.
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The management agreement was not negotiated on an
arms-length basis and the terms, including fees payable
and our inability to terminate, or our election not to renew,
the management agreement based on our Managers poor
performance without paying our Manager a significant termination
fee, may not be as favorable to us as if it were negotiated with
an unaffiliated third party.
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We are completely dependent upon our Manager and certain key
personnel of Bimini who provide services to us through the
management agreement, and we may not find suitable
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6
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replacements for our Manager and these personnel if the
management agreement is terminated or such key personnel are no
longer available to us.
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There are various conflicts of interest in our relationship with
our Manager and Bimini, which could result in decisions that are
not in the best interest of our stockholders, including possible
conflicts created by our Managers compensation whereby it
is entitled to receive a management fee that is not tied to the
performance of our portfolio and possible conflicts of duties
that may result from the fact that all of our Managers
officers are also employees of Bimini.
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Loss of our exemption from regulation under the Investment
Company Act would negatively affect the value of shares of our
common stock and our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders.
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Our failure to qualify, or maintain our qualification, as a REIT
would subject us to U.S. federal income tax, which could
adversely affect the value of the shares of our common stock and
would substantially reduce the cash available for distribution
to our stockholders.
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Our
Portfolio
As of March 31, 2011, our portfolio consisted of Agency
RMBS with an aggregate fair value of approximately
$28.9 million, a weighted average coupon of 4.22% and a net
weighted average borrowing cost of 0.33%. The following table
summarizes our portfolio as of March 31, 2011:
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Weighted
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Percentage
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Weighted
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Average
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Weighted
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Weighted
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of
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Weighted
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Average
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Coupon
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Average
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Average
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Weighted
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Entire
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Average
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Maturity in
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Longest
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Reset in
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Lifetime
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Periodic
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Average
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Asset Category
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Fair Value
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Portfolio
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Coupon
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Months
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Maturity
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Months
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Cap
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Cap
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CPR(1)
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(In thousands)
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Pass-through Agency RMBS backed by:
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Adjustable-Rate Mortgages
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$
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7,721
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26.7
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%
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2.53
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%
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288
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April 2035
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5.03
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9.55
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%
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2.00
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%
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0.11
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%
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Fixed-Rate Mortgages
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16,418
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56.8
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%
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4.54
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%
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171
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November 2025
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N/A
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N/A
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N/A
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0.75
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%
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Hybrid Adjustable-Rate Mortgages
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Total/Weighted Average Whole-pool Mortgage Pass-through Agency
RMBS
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$
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24,139
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83.5
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%
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3.90
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%
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208
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April 2035
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5.03
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9.55
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%
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2.00
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%
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0.54
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%
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Structured Agency RMBS:
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CMOs
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IOs
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966
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3.3
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%
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4.50
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%
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163
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October 2024
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N/A
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N/A
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N/A
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N/A
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IIOs
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3,799
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13.2
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%
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6.22
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%
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297
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April 2037
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N/A
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N/A
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N/A
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19.73
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%
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POs
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Total/Weighted Average Structured Agency RMBS
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4,765
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16.5
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%
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5.87
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%
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270
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April 2037
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N/A
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N/A
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N/A
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19.73
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%
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Total/Weighted Average
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$
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28,904
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100
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%
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4.22
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%
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218
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April 2037
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5.03
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9.55
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%
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2.00
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%
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5.67
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%
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(1) |
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CPR refers to Constant Prepayment
Rate, which is a method of expressing the prepayment rate for a
mortgage pool that assumes that a constant fraction of the
remaining principal is prepaid each month or year. Specifically,
the constant prepayment rate in the chart above represents the
three month prepayment rate of the securities in the respective
asset category.
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Our Financing
Strategy
We intend to fund our pass-through Agency RMBS and certain of
our structured Agency RMBS, such as fixed and floating rate
tranches of CMOs and POs, through short-term repurchase
agreements. However, we do not intend to employ leverage on our
structured Agency RMBS that have
7
no principal balance, such as IOs and IIOs. We do not intend to
use leverage in these instances because the securities contain
structural leverage. Our borrowings currently consist of
short-term repurchase agreements. We may use other sources of
leverage, such as secured or unsecured debt or issuances of
preferred stock. We do not have a policy limiting the amount of
leverage we may incur. However, we generally expect that the
ratio of our total liabilities compared to our equity, which we
refer to as our leverage ratio, will be less than 12 to 1. Our
amount of leverage may vary depending on market conditions and
other factors that we deem relevant. As of March 31, 2011,
our portfolio leverage ratio was approximately 3.0 to 1. As of
March 31, 2011, we had entered into master repurchase
agreements with two counterparties and had funding in place with
one such counterparty, as described below. We have since entered
into master repurchase agreements with three additional
counterparties (for a total of five) and are currently
negotiating, and intend to enter into, additional master
repurchase agreements with additional counterparties after the
completion of this offering to attain additional lending
capacity and to diversify counterparty credit risk. However, we
cannot assure you that we will enter into such additional master
repurchase agreements on favorable terms, or at all.
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Net
|
|
Weighted Average
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Weighted
|
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Maturity of
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Percent of
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Average
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Repurchase
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Total
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Borrowing
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Agreements
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Amount
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Counterparty
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Balance
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Borrowings
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Cost
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in Days
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at
Risk(1)
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MF Global Inc.
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$
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22,530,842
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100
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%
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0.33
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%
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77
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$
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1,673,153
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(1) |
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Equal to the fair value of
securities sold, plus accrued interest income, minus the sum of
repurchase agreement liabilities and accrued interest expense.
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During the three months ended March 31, 2011, the average
balance of our repurchase agreement financing was $22,680,448.
Risk
Management
We invest in Agency RMBS to mitigate credit risk. Additionally,
our Agency RMBS are backed by a diversified base of mortgage
loans to mitigate geographic, loan originator and other types of
concentration risks.
Interest Rate
Risk Management
We believe that the risk of adverse interest rate movements
represents the most significant risk to our portfolio. This risk
arises because (i) the interest rate indices used to
calculate the interest rates on the mortgages underlying our
assets may be different from the interest rate indices used to
calculate the interest rates on the related borrowings, and
(ii) interest rate movements affecting our borrowings may
not be reasonably correlated with interest rate movements
affecting our assets. We attempt to mitigate our interest rate
risk by using the following techniques:
Agency RMBS Backed by ARMs. We seek to
minimize the differences between interest rate indices and
interest rate adjustment periods of our Agency RMBS backed by
ARMs and related borrowings. At the time of funding, we
typically align (i) the underlying interest rate index used
to calculate interest rates for our Agency RMBS backed by ARMs
and the related borrowings and (ii) the interest rate
adjustment periods for our Agency RMBS backed by ARMs and the
interest rate adjustment periods for our related borrowings. As
our borrowings mature or are renewed, we may adjust the index
used to calculate interest expense, the duration of the reset
periods and the maturities of our borrowings.
Agency RMBS Backed by Fixed-Rate
Mortgages. As interest rates rise, our
borrowing costs increase; however, the income on our Agency RMBS
backed by fixed-rate mortgages remains unchanged. Subject to
qualifying and maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we may
seek to limit increases to our borrowing costs through the use
of interest rate swap or cap agreements, options, put
8
or call agreements, futures contracts, forward rate agreements
or similar financial instruments to effectively convert our
floating-rate borrowings into fixed-rate borrowings.
Agency RMBS Backed by Hybrid
ARMs. During the fixed-rate period of our
Agency RMBS backed by hybrid ARMs, the security is similar to
Agency RMBS backed by fixed-rate mortgages. During this period,
subject to qualifying and maintaining our qualification as a
REIT, we may employ the same hedging strategy that we employ for
our Agency RMBS backed by fixed-rate mortgages. Once our Agency
RMBS backed by hybrid ARMs convert to floating rate securities,
we may employ the same hedging strategy as we employ for our
Agency RMBS backed by ARMs.
Additionally, our structured Agency RMBS generally exhibit
sensitivities to movements in interest rates different than our
pass-through Agency RMBS. To the extent they do so, our
structured Agency RMBS may protect us against declines in the
market value of our combined portfolio that result from adverse
interest rate movements, although we cannot assure you that this
will be the case.
Prepayment
Risk Management
The risk of mortgage prepayments is another significant risk to
our portfolio. When prevailing interest rates fall below the
coupon rate of a mortgage, mortgage prepayments are likely to
increase. Conversely, when prevailing interest rates increase
above the coupon rate of a mortgage, mortgage prepayments are
likely to decrease.
When prepayment rates increase, we may not be able to reinvest
the money received from prepayments at yields comparable to
those of the securities prepaid. Also, some ARMs and hybrid ARMs
which back our Agency RMBS may bear initial teaser
interest rates that are lower than their fully-indexed interest
rates. If these mortgages are prepaid during this
teaser period, we may lose the opportunity to
receive interest payments at the higher, fully-indexed rate over
the expected life of the security. Additionally, some of our
structured Agency RMBS, such as IOs and IIOs, may be negatively
affected by an increase in prepayment rates because their value
is wholly contingent on the underlying mortgage loans having an
outstanding principal balance.
A decrease in prepayment rates may also have an adverse effect
on our portfolio. For example, if we invest in POs, the purchase
price of such securities will be based, in part, on an assumed
level of prepayments on the underlying mortgage loan. Because
the returns on POs decrease the longer it takes the principal
payments on the underlying loans to be paid, a decrease in
prepayment rates could decrease our returns on these securities.
Prepayment risk also affects our hedging activities. When an
Agency RMBS backed by a fixed-rate mortgage or hybrid ARM is
acquired with borrowings, we may cap or fix our borrowing costs
for a period close to the anticipated average life of the
fixed-rate portion of the related Agency RMBS. If prepayment
rates are different than our projections, the term of the
related hedging instrument may not match the fixed-rate portion
of the security, which could cause us to incur losses.
Because our business may be adversely affected if prepayment
rates are different than our projections, we seek to invest in
Agency RMBS backed by mortgages with well-documented and
predictable prepayment histories. To protect against increases
in prepayment rates, we invest in Agency RMBS backed by
mortgages that we believe are less likely to be prepaid. For
example, we invest in Agency RMBS backed by mortgages
(i) with loan balances low enough such that a borrower
would likely have little incentive to refinance,
(ii) extended to borrowers with credit histories weak
enough to not be eligible to refinance their mortgage loans,
(iii) that are newly originated fixed-rate or hybrid ARMs
or (iv) that have interest rates low enough such that a
borrower would likely have little incentive to refinance. To
protect against decreases in prepayment rates, we may also
invest in Agency RMBS backed by mortgages with characteristics
opposite to those described above, which would typically be more
likely to be refinanced. We may also invest in certain types of
structured Agency RMBS as a means of mitigating our
portfolio-wide prepayment risks. For example, certain tranches
of
9
CMOs are less sensitive to increases in prepayment rates, and we
may invest in those tranches as a means of hedging against
increases in prepayment rates.
Liquidity
Management Strategy
Because of our use of leverage, we manage liquidity to meet our
lenders margin calls using the following measures:
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Maintaining cash balances or unencumbered assets well in excess
of anticipated margin calls; and
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Making margin calls on our lenders when we have an excess of
collateral pledged against our borrowings.
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We also attempt to minimize the number of margin calls we
receive by:
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Deploying capital from our leveraged Agency RMBS portfolio to
our unleveraged Agency RMBS portfolio;
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Investing in Agency RMBS backed by mortgages that we believe are
less likely to be prepaid to decrease the risk of excessive
margin calls when monthly prepayments are announced. Prepayments
are declared, and the market value of the related security
declines, before the receipt of the related cash flows.
Prepayment declarations give rise to a temporary collateral
deficiency and generally results in margin calls by lenders;
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Obtaining funding arrangements which defer or waive
prepayment-related margin requirements in exchange for payments
to the lender tied to the dollar amount of the collateral
deficiency and a pre-determined interest rate; and
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Reducing our overall amount of leverage.
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Our Management
Agreement
We are currently a party to a management agreement with Bimini.
Upon completion of this offering, we will terminate our
management agreement with Bimini and enter into a new management
agreement with our Manager that will govern the relationship
between us and our Manager and will describe the services to be
provided by our Manager and its compensation for those services.
Under the management agreement, our Manager, subject to the
supervision of our Board of Directors, will be required to
oversee our business affairs in conformity with our operating
policies and our investment guidelines that are proposed by the
investment committee of our Manager and approved by our Board of
Directors. Our Managers obligations and responsibilities
under the management agreement will include asset selection,
asset and liability management and investment portfolio risk
management.
The management agreement will have an initial term expiring
on ,
2014, and will automatically be renewed for one-year terms
thereafter unless terminated by us for cause or by us or our
Manager upon at least
180-days
notice prior to the end of the initial term or any automatic
renewal term.
10
The following table summarizes the fees that will be payable to
our Manager pursuant to the management agreement:
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Fee
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Summary Description
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Management Fee
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|
The management fee will be payable monthly in arrears in an
amount equal to 1/12th of (a) 1.50% of the first $250,000,000 of
our equity (as defined below), (b) 1.25% of our equity that is
greater than $250,000,000 and less than or equal to
$500,000,000, and (c) 1.00% of our equity that is greater than
$500,000,000.
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Equity equals our month-end stockholders
equity, adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains
or losses included in either retained earnings or other
comprehensive income (loss), as computed in accordance with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States,
or GAAP.
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|
Under our existing management agreement with Bimini, which will
be terminated upon the completion of this offering and replaced
by a new management agreement with our Manager, we paid Bimini
aggregate management fees of $5,500 for the period beginning on
November 24, 2010 (date operations commenced) to
December 31, 2010, and we paid Bimini aggregate management
fees of $20,900 for the three months ended March 31, 2011.
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Stock-Based Compensation
|
|
Our Managers officers and employees will be eligible to
receive stock awards pursuant to our 2011 Equity Incentive Plan.
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Expense Reimbursement
|
|
We will reimburse any expenses directly related to our
operations incurred by our Manager, but excluding
personnel-related expenses of our Manager or of Bimini (other
than the compensation of our Chief Financial Officer), which
include services provided to us pursuant to the management
agreement. We will reimburse our Manager for our allocable share
of the compensation of our Chief Financial Officer based on our
percentage of the aggregate amount of our Managers assets
under management and Biminis assets. We will also
reimburse our pro rata portion of our Managers and
Biminis overhead expenses based on our percentage of the
aggregate amount of our Managers assets under management
and Biminis assets. Our obligation to pay for the expenses
incurred in connection with this offering will be capped at 1.0%
of the total gross proceeds from this offering (or approximately
$ , and approximately
$ if the underwriters exercise
their overallotment option). Our Manager will pay the expenses
incurred above this 1.0% cap.
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|
|
Under our existing management agreement with Bimini, which will
be terminated upon the completion of this offering and replaced
by a new management agreement with our Manager, we reimbursed
Bimini an aggregate of $7,200 in expenses for the period
beginning on November 24, 2010 (date operations commenced)
to December 31, 2010, and we reimbursed Bimini an aggregate
of $21,600 in expenses for the three months ended March 31,
2011.
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Termination Fee
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The termination fee, payable for non-renewal of the management
agreement without cause, will be equal to three times the sum of
the average annual management fee earned by our Manager during
the prior 24-month period immediately preceding the most
recently completed calendar quarter prior to the effective date
of termination.
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Assuming aggregate net proceeds from this offering (based on the
mid-point of the price range set forth on the cover of this
prospectus) and the concurrent private placement of warrants for
11
approximately $81.7 million and no additional increases or
decreases in our stockholders equity, we will pay our
Manager management fees equal to approximately $1.45 million
during the first 12 months after the completion of this offering
and the concurrent private placement.
Overhead Sharing
Agreement
Our Manager will enter into an overhead sharing agreement with
Bimini effective upon the closing of this offering. Pursuant to
this agreement, our Manager will be provided with access to,
among other things, Biminis portfolio management, asset
valuation, risk management and asset management services as well
as administration services addressing accounting, financial
reporting, legal, compliance, investor relations and information
technologies necessary for the performance of our Managers
duties in exchange for a reimbursement of the Managers
allocable cost for these services. The reimbursement paid by our
Manager pursuant to this agreement will not constitute an
expense under the management agreement.
Conflicts of
Interest; Equitable Allocation of Opportunities
Bimini invests solely in Agency RMBS and, because it is
internally-managed, does not pay a management fee. Additionally,
Bimini currently receives management fees from us and, as the
sole stockholder of our Manager, will indirectly receive the
management fees earned by our Manager through reimbursement
payments under the overhead sharing agreement and our
Managers payment of dividends to Bimini. Our Manager may
in the future manage other funds, accounts and investment
vehicles that have strategies that are similar to our strategy,
although our Manager currently does not manage any other funds,
accounts or investment vehicles. Our Manager and Bimini make
available to us opportunities to acquire assets that they
determine, in their reasonable and good faith judgment, based on
our objectives, policies and strategies, and other relevant
factors, are appropriate for us in accordance with their written
investment allocation procedures and policies, subject to the
exception that we might not be offered each such opportunity,
but will on an overall basis equitably participate with Bimini
and our Managers other accounts in all such opportunities
when considered together. Bimini and our Manager have agreed not
to sponsor another REIT that has substantially the same
investment strategy as Bimini or us prior to the earlier of
(i) the termination or expiration of the management
agreement or (ii) our Manager no longer being a subsidiary
or affiliate of Bimini.
Because many of our targeted assets are typically available only
in specified quantities and because many of our targeted assets
are also targeted assets for Bimini and may be targeted assets
for other accounts our Manager may manage in the future, neither
Bimini nor our Manager may be able to buy as much of any given
asset as required to satisfy the needs of Bimini, us and any
other account our Manager may manage in the future. In these
cases, our Managers and Biminis investment
allocation procedures and policies will typically allocate such
assets to multiple accounts in proportion to their needs and
available capital. The policies will permit departure from such
proportional allocation when (i) allocating purchases of
whole-pool Agency RMBS, because those securities cannot be
divided into multiple parts to be allocated among various
accounts, and (ii) such allocation would result in an
inefficiently small amount of the security being purchased for
an account. In these cases, the policy allows for a protocol of
allocating assets so that, on an overall basis, each account is
treated equitably. Specifically, our investment allocation
procedures and policies stipulate that we will base our
allocation of investment opportunities on the following factors:
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the primary investment strategy and the stage of portfolio
development of each account;
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the effect of the potential investment on the diversification of
each accounts portfolio by coupon, purchase price, size,
prepayment characteristics and leverage;
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the cash requirements of each account;
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the anticipated cash flow of each accounts
portfolio; and
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the amount of funds available to each account and the length of
time such funds have been available for investment.
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We intend for our independent directors to conduct quarterly
reviews with our Manager of its allocation decisions, if any,
and discuss with our Manager the portfolio needs of each account
for the next quarter and whether such needs will give rise to an
asset allocation conflict and, if so, the potential resolution
of such conflict.
Other policies that our Manager will apply to the management of
the Company include controls for cross transactions
(transactions between managed accounts (including us)),
principal transactions (transactions between Bimini or our
Manager and a managed account (including us)) and split price
executions. To date we have not entered into any cross
transactions but we have entered into one principal transaction
and have conducted split price executions. See Our Manager
and the Management Agreement Conflicts of Interest;
Equitable Allocation of Opportunities and Certain
Relationships and Related Transactions for a more detailed
description of these types of transactions, the principal
transaction we have entered into with Bimini and the policies of
Bimini and our Manager that govern these types of transactions.
We currently do not anticipate that we will enter into any cross
transactions or principal transactions after the completion of
this offering.
We are entirely dependent on our Manager for our
day-to-day
management and do not have any independent officers. Our
executive officers are also executive officers of Bimini and our
Manager, and none of them will devote his time to us
exclusively. We compete with Bimini and will compete with any
other account managed by our Manager or other RMBS investment
vehicles that may be sponsored by Bimini in the future for
access to these individuals.
John B. Van Heuvelen, one of our independent director
nominees, owns shares of common stock of Bimini.
Mr. Cauley, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of our
Board of Directors, also serves as Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board of Directors of Bimini and owns shares of
common stock of Bimini. Mr. Haas, our Chief Financial
Officer, Chief Investment Officer, Secretary and a member of our
Board of Directors, also serves as the Chief Financial Officer,
Chief Investment Officer and Treasurer of Bimini and owns shares
of common stock of Bimini. Accordingly,
Messrs. Van Heuvelen, Cauley and Haas may have a
conflict of interest with respect to actions by our Board of
Directors that relate to Bimini or our Manager.
Because our executive officers are also officers of our Manager,
the terms of our management agreement, including fees payable,
were not negotiated on an arms-length basis, and its terms
may not be as favorable to us as if it was negotiated with an
unaffiliated party.
The management fee we will pay to our Manager will be paid
regardless of our performance and it may not provide sufficient
incentive to our Manager to seek to achieve attractive
risk-adjusted returns for our investment portfolio.
Our Formation and
Structure
We were formed by Bimini as a Maryland corporation in August
2010. Concurrently with this offering, we intend to sell to
Bimini in a separate private placement warrants to purchase an
aggregate of 4,500,000 shares of our common stock. Upon
completion of this offering, Bimini will own approximately
12.42% of our outstanding common stock, or 10.98% if the
underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares
in full. The following chart illustrates our ownership structure
immediately after completion of this offering.
13
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(1) |
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Includes 1,063,830 shares of
our common stock issued to Bimini prior to completion of this
offering (after giving effect to the stock dividend that we will
effect prior to the completion of this offering). See
Description of Securities General.
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About
Bimini
Bimini is a mortgage REIT that has operated since 2003 and had
approximately $117 million of pass-through Agency RMBS and
structured Agency RMBS as of March 31, 2011. Bimini has
employed this strategy with its own portfolio since the third
quarter of 2008 and with our portfolio since our inception. The
following table shows Biminis returns on invested capital
since employing our investment strategy in the third quarter of
2008. The returns on Biminis invested capital provided
below are net of the interest paid pursuant to Biminis
repurchase agreements but does not give effect to the cost of
Biminis other long-term financing costs as described below.
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Quarterly
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Cumulative
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Return on
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Return on
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Invested
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Invested
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Three Months Ended
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Capital(1)
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Capital(1)(2)
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September 30, 2008
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2.5
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%
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2.5
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%
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December 31, 2008
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8.9
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%
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11.7
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%
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March 31, 2009
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13.2
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%
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26.4
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%
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June 30, 2009
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14.0
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%
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44.0
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%
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September 30, 2009
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10.7
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%
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59.4
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%
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December 31, 2009
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7.0
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%
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70.6
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%
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March 31, 2010
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(0.3
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)%
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70.1
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%
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June 30, 2010
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9.4
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%
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86.0
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%
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September 30, 2010
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3.0
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%
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91.6
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%
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December 31, 2010
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8.0
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%
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106.9
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%
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March 31, 2011
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6.2
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%
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119.7
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%
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Annualized Return on Invested
Capital(3)
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33.1
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%
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(1) |
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Returns on invested capital are
calculated by dividing (i) the sum of (A) net interest
income, before interest on junior subordinated notes (which
equals the difference between interest income and interest
expense), and (B) gains/losses on trading securities by
(ii) invested capital. Invested capital consists of the sum
of: (i) mortgage-backed securities pledged to
counterparties (less repurchase agreements and unsettled
security transactions), (ii) mortgage-backed
securities unpledged (which consists of structured
Agency RMBS and unpledged pass-through Agency RMBS less any
unsettled Agency RMBS), (iii) cash and cash equivalents and
(iv) restricted cash. The components of invested capital
and returns on invested capital are based entirely on
information contained in the SEC filings of Bimini Capital
Management, Inc., which are
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publicly available through the
SECs website at www.sec.gov. The information contained in
the SEC filings of Bimini Capital Management, Inc. do not
constitute a part of this prospectus or any amendment or
supplement thereto.
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(2) |
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Cumulative return on invested
capital represents the return on invested capital assuming the
reinvestment of all prior period returns beginning on
July 1, 2008. For example, the cumulative return on
invested capital as of December 31, 2008 was calculated as
follows: ((1+0.0252)*(1+0.0891))-1.
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(3) |
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Calculated by annualizing the total
cumulative return on invested capital for the periods presented
above.
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We believe that this method of calculating returns described
above provides a useful means to measure the performance of
Biminis portfolio because (i) it is based on actual
capital invested in Biminis portfolio (including cash and
cash equivalents and restricted cash that could be used to
satisfy margin calls) instead of overall stockholders
equity, which takes into account Biminis accumulated
deficit and other factors unrelated to the portfolio, and (ii)
it shows Biminis quarterly and cumulative returns on its
Agency RMBS portfolio taking into account the repurchase
agreement financing costs typical to manage this type of
portfolio, but without taking into account its entity-level
capital by excluding from the returns the effects of interest
due on Biminis junior subordinated debt, which is related
to Biminis trust preferred securities. Because of the
terms of its trust preferred securities (which include the
long-term nature of the underlying junior subordinated debt and
the fact that such debt is not held directly by outside
investors, but indirectly through preferred equity securities of
an intervening trust that holds such debt), Bimini characterizes
its trust preferred securities (and the related junior
subordinated debt) as a form of capital, rather than as a form
of financing for Biminis portfolio, when calculating
returns on invested capital.
Our results may differ from Biminis results and will
depend on a variety of factors, some of which are beyond our
control
and/or are
difficult to predict, including changes in interest rates,
changes in prepayment speeds and other changes in market
conditions and economic trends. In addition, Biminis
portfolio results above do not include other expenses necessary
to operate a public company and that we will incur following the
completion of this offering, including the management fee we
will pay to our Manager. Therefore, you should not assume that
Biminis portfolios performance will be indicative of
the performance of our portfolio or the Company.
In 2005, Bimini acquired Opteum Financial Services, LLC, or OFS,
an originator of residential mortgages. At the time OFS was
acquired, Bimini managed an Agency RMBS portfolio with a fair
value of approximately $3.5 billion. OFS operated in
46 states and originated residential mortgages through
three production channels. OFS did not have the capacity to
retain the mortgages it originated, and relied on the ability to
sell loans as they were originated as either whole loans or
through off-balance sheet securitizations. When the residential
housing market in the United States started to collapse in late
2006 and early 2007, the ability to successfully execute this
strategy was quickly impaired as whole loan prices plummeted and
the securitization markets closed. Biminis management
closed a majority of the mortgage origination operations in
early 2007, with the balance sold by June 30, 2007.
Additional losses were incurred after June 30, 2007 as the
remaining assets were sold or became impaired, and by
December 31, 2009, OFS had an accumulated deficit of
approximately $278 million. The losses generated by OFS
required Bimini to slowly liquidate its Agency RMBS portfolio as
capital was reduced and the operations of OFS drained
Biminis cash resources. On November 5, 2007, Bimini
was delisted by the NYSE. By December 31, 2008,
Biminis Agency RMBS portfolio was reduced to approximately
$172 million and, as a result of the reduced capital
remaining and the financial crisis, Bimini had limited access to
repurchase agreement funding. Bimini and its subsidiaries are
subject to a number of ongoing legal proceedings. Those
proceedings or any future proceedings may divert the time and
attention of our Manager and certain key personnel of our
Manager from us and our investment strategy. The diversion of
time of our Manager and certain key personnel of our Manager may
have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business
operations, financial condition and results of operations and
our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders. See
Risk Factors Legal proceedings involving Bimini
and certain of its subsidiaries have adversely affected Bimini,
may materially adversely affect Biminis ability to
effectively manage our business and could materially
15
adversely affect our reputation, business operations, financial
condition and results of operations and our ability to pay
distributions to our stockholders.
Although our and Biminis Chief Executive Officer,
Mr. Cauley, and Chief Investment Officer and Chief
Financial Officer, Mr. Haas, both worked at Bimini during
the time it owned OFS (Mr. Cauley was the Chief Investment
Officer and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. Haas was the
Head of Research and Trading), their primary focus and
responsibilities were the management of Biminis securities
portfolio, not the management of OFS. In addition,
Mr. Cauley is the only director still serving on
Biminis board of directors that served when OFS was
acquired. Biminis current investment strategy was
implemented in the third quarter of 2008, the first full quarter
of operations after Mr. Cauley become the Chief Executive
Officer of Bimini and Mr. Haas became the Chief Investment
Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Bimini.
Messrs. Cauley and Haas were appointed to these respective
roles on April 14, 2008.
Tax
Structure
We will elect and intend to qualify to be taxed as a REIT
commencing with our short taxable year ending December 31,
2011. Our qualification as a REIT, and the maintenance of such
qualification, will depend upon our ability to meet, on a
continuing basis, various complex requirements under the Code
relating to, among other things, the sources of our gross
income, the composition and values of our assets, our
distribution levels and the concentration of ownership of our
capital stock. We believe that we will be organized in
conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation
as a REIT under the Code, and we intend to operate in a manner
that will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification
and taxation as a REIT commencing with our short taxable year
ending December 31, 2011. In connection with this offering,
we will receive an opinion from Hunton & Williams LLP
to the effect that we will be organized in conformity with the
requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the
Code, and that our intended method of operation will enable us
to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a
REIT.
As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal
income tax on the REIT taxable income that we currently
distribute to our stockholders, but taxable income generated by
any taxable REIT subsidiary, or TRS, that we may form or acquire
will be subject to federal, state and local income tax. Under
the Code, REITs are subject to numerous organizational and
operational requirements, including a requirement that they
distribute annually at least 90% of their REIT taxable income,
determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid
and excluding any net capital gains. If we fail to qualify as a
REIT in any calendar year and do not qualify for certain
statutory relief provisions, our income would be subject to
U.S. federal income tax (and any applicable state and local
taxes), and we would likely be precluded from qualifying for
treatment as a REIT until the fifth calendar year following the
year in which we failed to qualify. Even if we qualify as a
REIT, we may still be subject to certain federal, state and
local taxes on our income and assets and to U.S. federal
income and excise taxes on our undistributed income.
Our Distribution
Policy
To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute annually to our
stockholders an amount at least equal to 90% of our REIT taxable
income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends
paid and excluding any net capital gain. We will be subject to
income tax on our taxable income that is not distributed and to
an excise tax to the extent that certain percentages of our
taxable income are not distributed by specified dates. See
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Considerations. Income as computed for purposes of the
foregoing tax rules will not necessarily correspond to our
income as determined for financial reporting purposes. Our cash
available for distribution may be less than the amount required
to meet the distribution requirements for REITs under the Code,
and we may be required to borrow money, sell assets or make
taxable distributions of our capital stock or debt securities to
satisfy the distribution requirements. Additionally, we may pay
future distributions from the proceeds from this offering or
other securities offerings, and thus all or a portion of such
16
distributions may constitute a return of capital for
U.S. federal income tax purposes. We do not currently
intend to pay future distributions from the proceeds of this
offering.
Any distributions that we make on our common stock will be
authorized by and at the discretion of our Board of Directors
and declared by us based upon a variety of factors deemed
relevant by our directors, which may include among other things,
our actual results of operations, restrictions under applicable
law, our capital requirements and the REIT requirements of the
Code. We have not established a minimum payment distribution
level, and we cannot assure you of our ability to make
distributions to our stockholders in the future.
Distributions to stockholders generally will be taxable to our
stockholders as ordinary income, although a portion of such
distributions may be designated by us as long-term capital gain
or qualified dividend income or may constitute a return of
capital. We will furnish annually to each of our stockholders a
statement setting forth distributions paid during the preceding
year and their U.S. federal income tax treatment. For a
discussion of the U.S. federal income tax treatment of our
distributions, see Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Considerations.
Restrictions on
Ownership and Transfer of Our Capital Stock
Due to limitations on the concentration of ownership of REIT
stock imposed by the Code, effective upon the completion of this
offering and subject to certain exceptions, our charter will
provide that no person may beneficially or constructively own
more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is
more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of any class or
series of our capital stock, except that Bimini may own up to
44% of our common stock so long as Bimini continues to qualify
as a REIT. See Description of Securities
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.
Our charter will also prohibit any person from, among other
matters:
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beneficially or constructively owning or transferring shares of
our capital stock if such ownership or transfer would result in
our being closely held within the meaning of
Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the
ownership interest is held during the last half of a taxable
year) or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a
REIT; and
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transferring shares of our capital stock if such transfer would
result in our capital stock being owned by less than
100 persons.
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Our Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, exempt
(prospectively or retroactively) a person from the 9.8%
ownership limit and other restrictions in our charter and may
establish or increase an excepted holder percentage limit for
such person if our Board of Directors obtains such
representations, covenants and undertakings as it deems
appropriate in order to conclude that granting the exemption
and/or
establishing or increasing the excepted holder percentage limit
will not cause us to lose our qualification as a REIT.
Our charter will also provide that any ownership or purported
transfer of our capital stock in violation of the foregoing
restrictions will result in the shares owned or transferred in
such violation being automatically transferred to a charitable
trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary and the
purported owner or transferee acquiring no rights in such
shares, except that any transfer that results in the violation
of the restriction relating to shares of our capital stock being
beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons will be void
ab initio. Additionally, if the transfer to the trust is
ineffective for any reason to prevent a violation of the
restriction, the transfer that would have resulted in such
violation will be void ab initio.
Investment
Company Act Exemption
We operate our business so that we are exempt from registration
under the Investment Company Act. We rely on the exemption
provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company
Act. We monitor our portfolio periodically and prior to each
investment to confirm that we continue to qualify for the
exemption. To qualify for the exemption, we make investments so
that at least 55% of
17
the assets we own on an unconsolidated basis consist of
qualifying mortgages and other liens on and interests in real
estate, which we refer to as qualifying real estate assets, and
so that at least 80% of the assets we own on an unconsolidated
basis consist of real estate-related assets, including our
qualifying real estate assets.
We treat whole-pool pass-through Agency RMBS as qualifying real
estate assets based on no-action letters issued by the Staff of
the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. To the
extent that the SEC publishes new or different guidance with
respect to these matters, we may fail to qualify for this
exemption. Our Manager intends to manage our pass-through Agency
RMBS portfolio such that we will have sufficient whole-pool
pass-through Agency RMBS to ensure we retain our exemption from
registration under the Investment Company Act. At present, we
generally do not expect that our investments in structured
Agency RMBS will constitute qualifying real estate assets but
will constitute real estate-related assets for purposes of the
Investment Company Act.
Lock-Up
Agreements
We and each of our Manager, our directors and executive officers
will agree that, for a period of 180 days after the date of
this prospectus, without the prior written consent of Barclays
Capital Inc., we and they will not sell, dispose of or hedge any
shares of our common stock, subject to certain exceptions and
extensions in certain circumstances. Additionally, Bimini will
agree that, for a period of 365 days after the date of this
prospectus, it will not, without the prior written consent of
Barclays Capital Inc., dispose of or hedge any of (i) its
shares of our common stock, including any shares of our common
stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants it intends to
purchase in the concurrent private placement, (ii) the
warrants that it intends to purchase in the concurrent private
placement or (iii) any shares of our common stock that it
may acquire after completion of this offering, subject to
certain exceptions and extensions.
Our Corporate
Information
Our offices are located at 3305 Flamingo Drive, Vero Beach,
Florida 32963, and the telephone number of our offices is
(772) 231-1400.
Our internet address is www.orchidislandcapital.com. Our
internet site and the information contained therein or connected
thereto do not constitute a part of this prospectus or any
amendment or supplement thereto.
18
The
Offering
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Common stock offered by us in this offering |
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7,500,000
shares(1) |
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Common stock to be outstanding after this offering |
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8,563,830
shares(1)(2)(3) |
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Common stock to be outstanding after this offering and the
concurrent private placement of warrants, on a fully-diluted
basis |
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13,063,830 shares(1)(2)(4) |
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Use of proceeds |
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We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering and the
concurrent private placement will be approximately
$81.7 million (or approximately $93.6 million if the
underwriters fully exercise their option to purchase additional
shares), after deducting the portion of the underwriting
discount and commissions payable by us of approximately
$2.5 million (or approximately $2.9 million if the
underwriters fully exercise their option to purchase additional
shares) and estimated offering expenses of approximately
$825,000 payable by us, in each case assuming the mid-point
of the price range set forth on the cover of the prospectus. Our
obligation to pay for the expenses of this offering will be
capped at 1.0% of the total gross proceeds from this offering. |
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Our Manager will (i) pay the underwriters
$ per share with respect to each
share of common stock sold in this offering on a deferred basis
after the completion of this offering and (ii) pay the offering
expenses related to this offering that exceed an amount equal to
1.0% of the total gross proceeds from this offering. |
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We intend to invest the net proceeds of this offering and the
concurrent private placement in (i) pass-through Agency
RMBS backed by hybrid ARMs, ARMs and fixed-rate mortgage loans
and (ii) structured Agency RMBS. Specifically, we intend to
invest the net proceeds of this offering as follows: |
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approximately 0% to 50% in pass-through Agency RMBS
backed by fixed-rate mortgage loans;
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approximately 0% to 50% in pass-through Agency RMBS
backed by ARMs;
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approximately 0% to 50% in pass-through Agency RMBS
backed by hybrid ARMs; and
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approximately 25% to 75% in structured Agency RMBS.
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We expect to borrow against the pass-through Agency RMBS and
certain of our structured Agency RMBS that we purchase with the
net proceeds of this offering and the concurrent private
placement through repurchase agreements and use the proceeds of
the borrowings to acquire additional pass-through Agency RMBS
and structured Agency RMBS in accordance with a similar targeted
allocation. We reserve the right to |
19
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change our targeted allocation depending on prevailing market
conditions, including, among others, the pricing and supply of
pass-through Agency RMBS and structured Agency RMBS, the
performance of our portfolio and the availability and terms of
financing. |
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Distribution Policy |
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To qualify as a REIT, U.S. federal income tax law generally
requires that we distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT
taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for
dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that we pay
tax at regular corporate rates on any undistributed REIT taxable
income. We have not established a minimum distribution payment
level, and we cannot assure you of our ability to make
distributions to our stockholders in the future. In connection
with these requirements, we intend to make regular quarterly
distributions of all or substantially all of our net taxable
income to our stockholders. Any distributions we make will be
authorized by and at the discretion of our Board of Directors
and will depend upon a variety of factors deemed relevant by our
directors, which may include among other things, our actual
results of operations, restrictions under applicable law, our
capital requirements and the REIT requirements of the Code. For
more information, please see Distribution Policy and
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations. |
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Proposed New York Stock Exchange symbol |
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ORC |
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Ownership and transfer restrictions |
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To assist us in qualifying as a REIT, among other purposes, our
charter will generally limit beneficial and constructive
ownership by any person to no more than 9.8% in value or in
number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the
outstanding shares of any class or series of our capital stock,
except that Bimini may own up to 44% of our common stock so long
as Bimini continues to qualify as a REIT. In addition, our
charter will contain various other restrictions on the ownership
and transfer of our common stock. See Description of
Securities Restrictions on Ownership and
Transfer. |
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Risk factors |
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Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk.
See Risk Factors beginning on page 25. |
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(1) |
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Assumes the underwriters
option to purchase up to an additional 1,125,000 shares of our
common stock is not exercised.
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(2) |
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Includes
(i) 150,000 shares of common stock issued to Bimini
prior to completion of this offering (which will increase to
1,063,830 shares of common stock after giving effect to the
stock dividend that we will effect prior to the completion of
this offering as described in Description of
Securities General) and
(ii) 7,500,000 shares of common stock to be sold in
this offering. Excludes an aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of
common stock available for issuance pursuant to our 2011 Equity
Incentive Plan.
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(3) |
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Excludes shares issuable upon the
exercise of warrants.
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(4) |
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Assumes that all of the shares of
our common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants we
intend to sell to Bimini in the concurrent private placement
have been issued and are outstanding upon the completion of this
offering.
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20
Summary Selected
Financial Data
The following table presents summary selected financial data as
of March 31, 2011, for the three months ended
March 31, 2011 and for the period beginning on
November 24, 2010 (date operations commenced) to
December 31, 2010. The statement of operations data for the
period beginning on November 24, 2010 (date operations
commenced) to December 31, 2010 has been derived from our
audited financial statements. The statement of operations and
balance sheet data as of March 31, 2011 and for the three
months ended March 31, 2011 has been derived from our
interim unaudited financial statements. These interim unaudited
financial statements have been prepared on substantially the
same basis as our audited financial statements and reflect all
adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary
to provide a fair statement of our financial position as of
March 31, 2011 and the results of operations for the three
months ended March 31, 2011. All such adjustments are of a
normal recurring nature. These results are not necessarily
indicative of our results for the full fiscal year.
Because the information presented below is only a summary and
does not provide all of the information contained in our
historical financial statements, including the related notes,
you should read it in conjunction with the more detailed
information contained in our financial statements and related
notes and Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations included
elsewhere in this prospectus.
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Period from
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November 24, 2010
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|
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Three Months
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(Date Operations
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Ended
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Commenced) to
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March 31,
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December 31,
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2011
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|
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2010
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|
|
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(unaudited)
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|
|
|
|
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Statement of Operations Data:
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Revenues:
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Interest income
|
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$
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307,764
|
|
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$
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69,340
|
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Interest expense
|
|
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(18,942
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)
|
|
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(5,186
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)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Net interest income
|
|
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288,822
|
|
|
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64,154
|
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Losses on trading
securities(1)
|
|
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(168,532
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)
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|
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(55,307
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)
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Gains on futures contracts
|
|
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10,875
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Net portfolio income
|
|
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131,165
|
|
|
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8,847
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Total expenses
|
|
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115,093
|
|
|
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39,001
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Net income (loss)
|
|
$
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16,072
|
|
|
$
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(30,154
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)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Basic and diluted income (loss) per share of
common stock(2)
|
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$
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0.21
|
|
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$
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(0.68
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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As of
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|
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March 31, 2011
|
|
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(unaudited)
|
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Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
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Total mortgage-backed securities
|
|
$
|
28,903,656
|
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Total assets
|
|
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30,101,395
|
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Repurchase agreements
|
|
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22,530,842
|
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Total liabilities
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22,615,477
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Total stockholders equity
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|
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7,485,918
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Book value per share of our common
stock(2)
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$
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99.81
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(1) |
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Because all of our Agency RMBS have
been classified as held for trading securities, all
changes in the fair values of our Agency RMBS are reflected in
our statement of operations, as opposed to a component of other
comprehensive income in our statement of stockholders
equity if they were instead classified as available for
sale securities. See Managements Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations Critical Accounting Policies
Mortgage-Backed Securities.
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21
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(2) |
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On March 31, 2011 and
December 31, 2010, no shares of common stock were
outstanding; however, on March 31, 2011 and
December 31, 2010, 75,000 shares and
44,050 shares of our common stock had been subscribed for
by Bimini, respectively. On April 29, 2011, we issued
75,000 shares of our common stock to Bimini, which
consisted of the 44,050 shares subscribed for as of
December 31, 2010, 17,950 shares subscribed for on
March 28, 2011 and 13,000 shares subscribed for on
March 31, 2011.
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Core
Earnings
We classify our Agency RMBS as held for trading. We
do not intend to elect GAAP hedge accounting for any derivative
financial instruments that we may utilize. Securities held for
trading and hedging instruments, for which hedge accounting has
not been elected, are recorded at estimated fair value, with
changes in the fair value recorded as unrealized gains or losses
through the statement of operations. Many other publicly-traded
REITs that invest in Agency RMBS classify their Agency RMBS as
available for sale. Unrealized gains and losses in
the fair value of securities classified as available for sale
are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income in the
statement of stockholders equity. As a result, investors
may not be able to readily compare our results of operations to
those of many of our competitors. We believe that the
presentation of our Core Earnings is useful to investors because
it provides a means of comparing our results of operations to
those of our competitors. Core Earnings represents a non-GAAP
financial measure and is defined as net income (loss) excluding
unrealized gains (losses) on trading securities and hedging
instruments and net interest income (expense) on hedging
instruments. Management utilizes Core Earnings because it allows
management to: (i) isolate the net interest income plus
other expenses of the Company over time, free of all
mark-to-market
adjustments and net payments associated with our hedging
instruments and (ii) assess the effectiveness of our
funding and hedging strategies, our capital allocation decisions
and our asset allocation performance. Our funding and hedging
strategies, capital allocation and asset selection are integral
to our risk management strategy, and therefore critical to our
Managers management of our portfolio.
Our presentation of Core Earnings may not be comparable to
similarly-titled measures of other companies, who may use
different calculations. As a result, Core Earnings should not be
considered as a substitute for our GAAP net income (loss) as a
measure of our financial performance or any measure of our
liquidity under GAAP.
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For the Period
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Three Months
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|
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from November 24, 2010
|
|
|
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Ended
|
|
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(Date Operations
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|
|
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March 31,
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|
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Commenced) through
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|
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2011
|
|
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December 31, 2010
|
|
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Non-GAAP Reconciliation (unaudited):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
16,072
|
|
|
$
|
(30,154
|
)
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Unrealized (gains) losses on trading securities
|
|
|
168,532
|
|
|
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55,307
|
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Gains on futures contracts
|
|
|
(10,875
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)
|
|
|
|
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Net interest (income) expense on hedging instruments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Core Earnings
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|
$
|
173,729
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|
|
$
|
25,153
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22
SPECIAL
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
We make forward-looking statements in this prospectus that are
subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking
statements include information about possible or assumed future
results of our business, financial condition, liquidity, results
of operations, plans and objectives. When we use the words
believe, expect, anticipate,
estimate, intend, should,
may, plans, projects,
will, or similar expressions, or the negative of
these words, we intend to identify forward-looking statements.
Statements regarding the following subjects are forward-looking
by their nature:
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our business and investment strategy;
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our ability to deploy effectively and timely the net proceeds of
this offering;
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our expected operating results;
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our ability to acquire investments on attractive terms;
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the effect of the U.S. Federal Reserves and the
U.S. Treasurys recent actions on the liquidity of the
capital markets;
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the federal conservatorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and
related efforts, along with any changes in laws and regulations
affecting the relationship between Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
and the U.S. Government;
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mortgage loan modification programs and future legislative
action;
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our ability to access the capital markets;
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our ability to obtain future financing arrangements;
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our ability to successfully hedge the interest rate risk and
prepayment risk associated with our portfolio;
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the assumptions used to value the warrants we intend to sell to
Bimini in the concurrent private placement;
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our ability to make distributions to our stockholders in the
future;
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our understanding of our competition and our ability to compete
effectively;
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our ability to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT
for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
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our ability to maintain our exemption from registration under
the Investment Company Act;
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market trends;
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expected capital expenditures; and
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the impact of technology on our operations and business.
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The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs,
assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking
into account all information currently available to us. Although
we believe that the expectations reflected in the
forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee
future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.
These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a
result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are
known to us. If a change occurs, our business, financial
condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary
materially from those expressed in our forward-looking
statements. We are not obligated to update or revise any
forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus,
whether as a result of new information, future events or
otherwise.
When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in
mind the risks and other cautionary statements set forth in this
prospectus, including those contained in Risk
Factors. Readers
23
are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any of these
forward-looking statements, which reflect our views as of the
date of this prospectus. You should carefully consider these
risks when you make a decision concerning an investment in our
common stock, along with the following factors, among others,
that may cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking
statements:
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general volatility of the securities markets in which we invest
and the market price of our common stock;
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our limited operating history;
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|
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changes in our business or investment strategy;
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|
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changes in interest rate spreads or the yield curve;
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availability, terms and deployment of debt and equity capital;
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availability of qualified personnel;
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the degree and nature of our competition;
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increased prepayments of the mortgage loans underlying our
Agency RMBS;
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risks associated with our hedging activities;
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changes in governmental regulations, tax rates and similar
matters; and
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defaults on our investments.
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24
RISK
FACTORS
You should carefully consider the risks described below
before making an investment decision. Our business, financial
condition or results of operations could be harmed by any of
these risks. Similarly, these risks could cause the market price
of our common stock to decline and you might lose all or part of
your investment. Our forward-looking statements in this
prospectus are subject to the following risks and uncertainties.
Our actual results could differ materially from those
anticipated by our forward-looking statements as a result of the
risk factors below.
Risks Related to
Our Business
The federal
conservatorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and related
efforts, along with any changes in laws and regulations
affecting the relationship between Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
and the U.S. Government, may adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations and our ability to
pay distributions to our stockholders.
The payments we receive on the Agency RMBS in which we invest
are guaranteed by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. Ginnie
Mae is part of a U.S. Government agency and its guarantees
are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are U.S. Government sponsored
entities, or GSEs, but their guarantees are not backed by the
full faith and credit of the United States.
On September 7, 2008, in response to the deterioration in
the financial condition of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the
Federal Housing Finance Authority, or FHFA, placed Fannie Mae
and Freddie Mac into conservatorship, which is a statutory
process pursuant to which the FHFA will operate Fannie Mae and
Freddie Mac as conservator in an effort to stabilize the
entities. The FHFA, together with the U.S. Treasury and the
U.S. Federal Reserve, also has undertaken actions designed
to boost investor confidence in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac,
support the availability of mortgage financing and protect
taxpayers. In addition, the U.S. Treasury has taken steps
to capitalize and provide financing to Fannie Mae and Freddie
Mac and agreed to purchase direct obligations and Agency RMBS
issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.
Shortly after Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were placed in federal
conservatorship, the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury, in
announcing the actions, noted that the guarantee structure of
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac required examination and that changes
in the structures of the entities were necessary to reduce risk
to the financial system. In February 2011, the U.S. Treasury and
the Department of Housing and Urban Development released a White
Paper titled Reforming Americas Housing Finance
Market, or the Housing Report, in which they proposed to
reduce or eliminate the role of GSEs in mortgage financing. The
Housing Report calls for phasing in increased pricing of Fannie
Mae and Freddie Mac guarantees to help level the playing field
for the private sector to take back market share, reducing
conforming loan limits by allowing the temporary increase in
Fannie Maes and Freddie Macs conforming loan limits
to reset as scheduled on October 1, 2011 to the lower
levels set in the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 and
continuing to wind down Fannie Maes and Freddie Macs
investment portfolio at an annual rate of no less than 10% per
year. The future roles of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac could be
significantly reduced and the nature of their guarantees could
be eliminated or considerably limited relative to historical
measurements.
If Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac were eliminated, or their
structures were to change radically, we may not be able to
acquire Agency RMBS from these companies, which would
drastically reduce the amount and type of Agency RMBS available
for investment, which would increase the price of these assets.
Additionally, the current credit support provided by the
U.S. Treasury to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and any
additional credit support it may provide in the future, could
have the effect of lowering the interest rate we receive from
Agency RMBS, thereby tightening the spread between the interest
we earn on our portfolio and our financing costs. Additionally,
the U.S. Government could elect to stop providing credit
support of any kind to the mortgage market. If any of these
risks were to occur, our business, financial condition and
results of operations and our ability to pay distributions to
our stockholders could be materially adversely affected.
25
Continued
adverse developments in the broader residential mortgage market
have adversely affected Bimini and may materially adversely
affect our business, financial condition and results of
operations and our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders.
The residential mortgage market in the United States has
experienced a variety of difficulties and changed economic
conditions, including defaults, credit losses and liquidity
concerns. In addition, certain commercial banks, investment
banks and insurance companies announced extensive losses from
exposure to the residential mortgage market. These losses
reduced financial industry capital, leading to reduced liquidity
for some institutions. These factors have impacted investor
perception of the risk associated with real estate-related
assets, including Agency RMBS. As a result, values for RMBS,
including some Agency RMBS and other AAA-rated RMBS assets, have
been negatively impacted. Further increased volatility and
deterioration in the broader residential mortgage and RMBS
markets may adversely affect the performance and market value of
the Agency RMBS in which we intend to invest.
In 2005, Bimini Capital acquired Opteum Financial Services, LLC,
or OFS, an originator of residential mortgage loans. At the time
OFS was acquired, Bimini managed an Agency RMBS portfolio with a
fair value of approximately $3.5 billion. OFS operated in
46 states and originated residential mortgages through
three production channels. OFS did not have the capacity to
retain the mortgages it originated, and relied on the ability to
sell loans as they were originated as either whole loans or
through off-balance sheet securitizations. When the residential
housing market in the United States started to collapse in late
2006 and early 2007, the ability to execute this strategy was
quickly impaired as whole loan prices plummeted and the
securitization markets closed. Biminis management closed a
majority of the mortgage origination operations in early 2007,
with the balance sold by June 30, 2007. Additional losses
were incurred after June 30, 2007 as the remaining assets
were sold or became impaired, and by December 31, 2009, OFS
had an accumulated deficit of approximately $278 million.
The losses generated by OFS required Bimini to slowly liquidate
its Agency RMBS portfolio as capital was reduced and the
operations of OFS drained cash resources. On November 5,
2007, Bimini was delisted by the NYSE. By December 31,
2008, Biminis Agency RMBS portfolio was reduced to
approximately $172 million and, as a result of the reduced
capital remaining and the financial crisis, Bimini had limited
access to repurchase agreement funding.
We will need to rely on our Agency RMBS as collateral for our
financings. Any decline in their value, or perceived market
uncertainty about their value, would likely make it difficult
for us to obtain financing on favorable terms or at all, or
maintain our compliance with terms of any financing arrangements
already in place. Additionally, our Agency RMBS are classified
for accounting purposes as held for trading and,
therefore, will be reported on our financial statements at fair
value, with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings. If
market conditions result in a decline in the value of our Agency
RMBS, our business, financial position and results of operations
and our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders could
be materially adversely affected.
Interest rate
mismatches between our Agency RMBS and our borrowings may reduce
our net interest margin during periods of changing interest
rates, which could materially adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations and our ability to
pay distributions to our stockholders.
Our portfolio includes Agency RMBS backed by ARMs, hybrid ARMs
and fixed-rate mortgages, and the mix of these securities in the
portfolio may be increased or decreased over time. Additionally,
the interest rates on ARMs and hybrid ARMs may vary over time
based on changes in a short-term interest rate index, of which
there are many.
We finance our acquisitions of pass-through Agency RMBS with
short-term financing. During periods of rising short-term
interest rates, the income we earn on these securities will not
change (with respect to Agency RMBS backed by fixed-rate
mortgage loans) or will not increase at the same rate (with
respect to Agency RMBS backed by ARMs and hybrid ARMs) as our
related financing costs, which may reduce our net interest
margin or result in losses.
26
Interest rate fluctuations will also cause variances in the
yield curve, which illustrates the relationship between
short-term and longer-term interest rates. If short-term
interest rates rise disproportionately relative to longer-term
interest rates (a flattening of the yield curve) or exceed
long-term interest rates (an inversion of the yield curve), our
borrowing costs may increase more rapidly than the interest
income earned on the related Agency RMBS because the related
Agency RMBS may bear interest based on longer-term rates than
our borrowings. Consequently, a flattening or inversion of the
yield curve may reduce our net interest margin or result in
losses.
Additionally, to the extent cash flows from Agency RMBS are
reinvested in new Agency RMBS, the spread between the yields of
the new Agency RMBS and available borrowing rates may decline,
which could reduce our net interest margin or result in losses.
Any one of the foregoing risks could materially adversely affect
our business, financial condition and results of operations and
our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
Mortgage loan
modification programs and future legislative action may
adversely affect the value of, and the returns on, our Agency
RMBS, which could materially adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations and our ability to
pay distributions to our stockholders.
During the second half of 2008, the U.S. Government
commenced programs designed to provide homeowners with
assistance in avoiding residential mortgage loan foreclosures.
The programs involve, among other things, the modification of
mortgage loans to reduce the principal amount of the loans or
the rate of interest payable on the loans, or to extend the
payment terms of the loans.
In addition, in February 2008, the U.S. Treasury announced
the Homeowner Affordability and Stability Plan, or HASP, which
is a multi-faceted plan intended to prevent residential mortgage
foreclosures by, among other things:
|
|
|
|
|
allowing certain homeowners whose homes are encumbered by Fannie
Mae or Freddie Mac conforming mortgages to refinance those
mortgages into lower interest rate mortgages with either Fannie
Mae or Freddie Mac;
|
|
|
|
creating the Homeowner Stability Initiative, which is intended
to utilize various incentives for banks and mortgage servicers
to modify residential mortgage loans with the goal of reducing
monthly mortgage principal and interest payments for certain
qualified homeowners; and
|
|
|
|
allowing judicial modifications of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
conforming residential mortgages loans during bankruptcy
proceedings.
|
It is likely that loan modifications would result in increased
prepayments on some Agency RMBS. These loan modification
programs, as well as legislative or regulatory actions,
including amendments to the bankruptcy laws that result in the
modification of outstanding mortgage loans, may adversely affect
the value of, and the returns on, the Agency RMBS in which we
invest, which could materially adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations and our ability to
pay distributions to our stockholders. Furthermore, if Fannie
Mae and Freddie Mac were to modify or end their repurchase
programs or if the U.S. Government modified its loan
modification programs to modify non-delinquent mortgage loans,
our investment portfolio could be materially adversely affected.
We invest in
structured Agency RMBS, including CMOs, IOs, IIOs and POs.
Although structured Agency RMBS are generally subject to the
same risks as our pass-through Agency RMBS, certain types of
risks may be enhanced depending on the type of structured Agency
RMBS in which we invest.
The structured Agency RMBS in which we invest are
securitizations (i) issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or
Ginnie Mae, (ii) that are collateralized by Agency RMBS and
(iii) that are divided into various tranches that have
different characteristics (such as different maturities or
different coupon payments). These securities may carry greater
risk than an investment in pass-through Agency RMBS. For
example, certain types of structured Agency RMBS, such as
IOs, IIOs and POs, are more sensitive
27
to prepayment risks than pass-through Agency RMBS. If we were to
invest in structured Agency RMBS that were more sensitive to
prepayment risks relative to other types of structured Agency
RMBS or pass-through Agency RMBS, we may increase our
portfolio-wide prepayment risk.
Increased
levels of prepayments on the mortgages underlying our Agency
RMBS might decrease net interest income or result in a net loss,
which could materially adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations and our ability to pay
distributions to our stockholders.
Prepayment rates generally increase when interest rates fall and
decrease when interest rates rise. Prepayment rates also may be
affected by other factors, including, without limitation,
conditions in the housing and financial markets, general
economic conditions and the relative interest rates on ARMs,
hybrid ARMs and fixed-rate mortgage loans. With respect to
pass-through Agency RMBS,
faster-than-expected
prepayments could also materially adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations and our ability to
pay distributions to our stockholders in various ways, including
the following:
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A portion of our pass-through Agency RMBS backed by ARMs and
hybrid ARMs may initially bear interest at rates that are lower
than their fully indexed rates, which are equivalent to the
applicable index rate plus a margin. If a pass-through Agency
RMBS backed by ARMs or hybrid ARMs is prepaid prior to or soon
after the time of adjustment to a fully-indexed rate, we will
have held that Agency RMBS while it was less profitable and lost
the opportunity to receive interest at the fully-indexed rate
over the remainder of its expected life.
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If we are unable to acquire new Agency RMBS to replace the
prepaid Agency RMBS, our returns on capital may be lower than if
we were able to quickly acquire new Agency RMBS.
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When we acquire structured Agency RMBS, we anticipate that the
underlying mortgages will prepay at a projected rate, generating
an expected yield. When the prepayment rates on the mortgages
underlying our structured Agency RMBS are higher than expected,
our returns on those securities may be materially adversely
affected. For example, the value of our IOs and IIOs are
extremely sensitive to prepayments because holders of these
securities do not have the right to receive any principal
payments on the underlying mortgages. Therefore, if the mortgage
loans underlying our IOs and IIOs are prepaid, such securities
would cease to have any value, which, in turn, could materially
adversely affect our business, financial condition and results
of operations and our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders.
While we seek to minimize prepayment risk, we must balance
prepayment risk against other risks and the potential returns of
each investment. No strategy can completely insulate us from
prepayment or other such risks.
A decrease in
prepayment rates on the mortgages underlying our Agency RMBS
might decrease net interest income or result in a net loss,
which could materially adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations and our ability to pay
distributions to our stockholders.
Certain of our structured Agency RMBS may be adversely affected
by a decrease in prepayment rates. For example, because POs are
similar to zero-coupon bonds, our expected returns on such
securities will be contingent on our receiving the principal
payments of the underlying mortgage loans at expected intervals,
which assume a certain prepayment rate. If prepayment rates are
lower than expected, we will not receive principal payments as
quickly as we anticipated and, therefore, our expected returns
on these securities will be adversely affected, which, in turn,
could materially adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations and our ability to pay
distributions to our stockholders.
While we seek to minimize prepayment risk, we must balance
prepayment risk against other risks and the potential returns of
each investment. No strategy can completely insulate us from
prepayment or other such risks.
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The U.S.
Governments pressing for refinancing of certain loans may
affect prepayment rates for mortgage loans underlying our Agency
RMBS.
In addition to the increased pressure upon residential mortgage
loan investors and servicers to engage in loss mitigation
activities, the U.S. Government is pressing for refinancing
of certain loans, and this encouragement may affect prepayment
rates for mortgage loans underlying our Agency RMBS. To the
extent these and other economic stabilization or stimulus
efforts are successful in increasing prepayment speeds for
residential mortgage loans, such as those in Agency RMBS, our
income and operating results could be harmed, particularly in
connection with our IOs and IIOs, which, in turn, could
materially adversely affect our business, financial condition
and results of operations and our ability to pay distributions
to our stockholders.
Interest rate
caps on the ARMs and hybrid ARMs backing our Agency RMBS may
reduce our net interest margin during periods of rising interest
rates, which could materially adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations and our ability to
pay distributions to our stockholders.
ARMs and hybrid ARMs are typically subject to periodic and
lifetime interest rate caps. Periodic interest rate caps limit
the amount an interest rate can increase during any given
period. Lifetime interest rate caps limit the amount an interest
rate can increase through the maturity of the loan. Our
borrowings typically are not subject to similar restrictions.
Accordingly, in a period of rapidly increasing interest rates,
our financing costs could increase without limitation while caps
could limit the interest we earn on the ARMs and hybrid ARMs
backing our Agency RMBS. This problem is magnified for ARMs and
hybrid ARMs that are not fully indexed because such periodic
interest rate caps prevent the coupon on the security from fully
reaching the specified rate in one reset. Further, some ARMs and
hybrid ARMs may be subject to periodic payment caps that result
in a portion of the interest being deferred and added to the
principal outstanding. As a result, we may receive less cash
income on Agency RMBS backed by ARMs and hybrid ARMs than
necessary to pay interest on our related borrowings. Interest
rate caps on Agency RMBS backed by ARMs and hybrid ARMs could
reduce our net interest margin if interest rates were to
increase beyond the level of the caps, which could materially
adversely affect our business, financial condition and results
of operations and our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders.
We have a
limited operating history and may not be able to operate our
business successfully or generate sufficient revenue to make or
sustain distributions to our stockholders.
We commenced operations in November 2010 and have a limited
operating history. We cannot assure you that we will be able to
operate our business successfully or implement our operating
policies and strategies. The results of our operations depend on
several factors, including the availability of opportunities for
the acquisition of target assets, the level and volatility of
interest rates, the availability of adequate short and long-term
financing, conditions in the financial markets and economic
conditions. Our revenues will depend, in large part, on our
ability to acquire assets at favorable spreads over our
borrowing costs. If we are unable to acquire assets that
generate favorable spreads, our results of operations may be
materially adversely affected, which could materially adversely
affect our ability to make or sustain distributions to our
stockholders.
We rely on
analytical models and other data to analyze potential asset
acquisition and disposition opportunities and to manage our
portfolio. Such models and other data may be incorrect,
misleading or incomplete, which could cause us to purchase
assets that do not meet our expectations or to make asset
management decisions that are not in line with our
strategy.
We rely on analytical models, and information and data supplied
by third parties. These models and data may be used to value
assets or potential asset acquisitions and dispositions and also
in connection with our asset management activities. If our
models and data prove to be incorrect, misleading or incomplete,
any decisions made in reliance thereon could expose us to
potential risks.
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Our reliance on models and data may induce us to purchase
certain assets at prices that are too high, to sell certain
other assets at prices that are too low or to miss favorable
opportunities altogether. Similarly, any hedging activities that
are based on faulty models and data may prove to be unsuccessful.
Some models, such as prepayment models, may be predictive in
nature. The use of predictive models has inherent risks. For
example, such models may incorrectly forecast future behavior,
leading to potential losses. In addition, the predictive models
used by us may differ substantially from those models used by
other market participants, with the result that valuations based
on these predictive models may be substantially higher or lower
for certain assets than actual market prices. Furthermore,
because predictive models are usually constructed based on
historical data supplied by third parties, the success of
relying on such models may depend heavily on the accuracy and
reliability of the supplied historical data, and, in the case of
predicting performance in scenarios with little or no historical
precedent (such as extreme broad-based declines in home prices,
or deep economic recessions or depressions), such models must
employ greater degrees of extrapolation, and are therefore more
speculative and of more limited reliability.
All valuation models rely on correct market data input. If
incorrect market data is entered into even a well-founded
valuation model, the resulting valuations will be incorrect.
However, even if market data is inputted correctly, model
prices will often differ substantially from market prices,
especially for securities with complex characteristics or whose
values are particularly sensitive to various factors. If our
market data inputs are incorrect or our model prices differ
substantially from market prices, our business, financial
condition and results of operations and our ability to make
distributions to our stockholders could be materially adversely
affected.
Valuations of
some of our assets are inherently uncertain, may be based on
estimates, may fluctuate over short periods of time and may
differ from the values that would have been used if a ready
market for these assets existed. As a result, the values of some
of our assets are uncertain.
While in many cases our determination of the fair value of our
assets is based on valuations provided by third-party dealers
and pricing services, we can and do value assets based upon our
judgment and such valuations may differ from those provided by
third-party dealers and pricing services. Valuations of certain
assets are often difficult to obtain or are unreliable. In
general, dealers and pricing services heavily disclaim their
valuations. Additionally, dealers may claim to furnish
valuations only as an accommodation and without special
compensation, and so they may disclaim any and all liability for
any direct, incidental or consequential damages arising out of
any inaccuracy or incompleteness in valuations, including any
act of negligence or breach of any warranty. Depending on the
complexity and illiquidity of an asset, valuations of the same
asset can vary substantially from one dealer or pricing service
to another. The valuation process has been particularly
difficult recently because market events have made valuations of
certain assets more difficult and unpredictable and the
disparity of valuations provided by third-party dealers has
widened.
Our business, financial condition and results of operations and
our ability to make distributions to our stockholders could be
materially adversely affected if our fair value determinations
of these assets were materially higher than the values that
would exist if a ready market existed for these assets.
An increase in
interest rates may cause a decrease in the volume of newly
issued, or investor demand for, Agency RMBS, which could
materially adversely affect our ability to acquire assets that
satisfy our investment objectives and our business, financial
condition and results of operations and our ability to pay
distributions to our stockholders.
Rising interest rates generally reduce the demand for consumer
credit, including mortgage loans, due to the higher cost of
borrowing. A reduction in the volume of mortgage loans may
affect the volume of Agency RMBS available to us, which could
affect our ability to acquire assets that satisfy our investment
objectives. Rising interest rates may also cause Agency RMBS
that were issued prior to
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an interest rate increase to provide yields that exceed
prevailing market interest rates. If rising interest rates cause
us to be unable to acquire a sufficient volume of Agency RMBS or
Agency RMBS with a yield that exceeds our borrowing costs, our
ability to satisfy our investment objectives and to generate
income and pay dividends, our business, financial condition and
results of operations and our ability to pay distributions to
our stockholders may be materially adversely affected.
Because the
assets that we acquire might experience periods of illiquidity,
we might be prevented from selling our Agency RMBS at favorable
times and prices, which could materially adversely affect our
business, financial condition and results of operations and our
ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
Agency RMBS generally experience periods of illiquidity. Such
conditions are more likely to occur for structured Agency RMBS
because such securities are generally traded in markets much
less liquid than the pass-through Agency RMBS market. As a
result, we may be unable to dispose of our Agency RMBS at
advantageous times and prices or in a timely manner. The lack of
liquidity might result from the absence of a willing buyer or an
established market for these assets, as well as legal or
contractual restrictions on resale. The illiquidity of Agency
RMBS could materially adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations and our ability to pay
distributions to our stockholders.
Our use of
leverage could materially adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations and our ability to
pay distributions to our stockholders.
Under normal market conditions, we generally expect our leverage
ratio to be less than 12 to 1, although at times our borrowings
may be above or below this level. We incur this indebtedness by
borrowing against a substantial portion of the market value of
our pass-through Agency RMBS and a portion of our structured
Agency RMBS. Our total indebtedness, however, is not expressly
limited by our policies and will depend on our and our
prospective lenders estimates of the stability of our
portfolios cash flow. As a result, there is no limit on
the amount of leverage that we may incur. We face the risk that
we might not be able to meet our debt service obligations or a
lenders margin requirements from our income and, to the
extent we cannot, we might be forced to liquidate some of our
Agency RMBS at unfavorable prices. Our use of leverage could
materially adversely affect our business, financial condition
and results of operation and our ability to pay distributions to
our stockholders. For example:
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Our borrowings are secured by our pass-through Agency RMBS and a
portion of our structured Agency RMBS under repurchase
agreements. A decline in the market value of the pass-through
Agency RMBS or structured Agency RMBS used to secure these debt
obligations could limit our ability to borrow or result in
lenders requiring us to pledge additional collateral to secure
our borrowings. In that situation, we could be required to sell
Agency RMBS under adverse market conditions in order to obtain
the additional collateral required by the lender. If these sales
are made at prices lower than the carrying value of the Agency
RMBS, we would experience losses.
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To the extent we are compelled to liquidate qualifying real
estate assets to repay debts, our compliance with the REIT rules
regarding our assets and our sources of gross income could be
negatively affected, which could jeopardize our qualification as
a REIT. Losing our REIT qualification would cause us to be
subject to U.S. federal income tax (and any applicable
state and local taxes) on all of our income and would decrease
profitability and cash available for distributions to
stockholders.
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If we experience losses as a result of our use of leverage, such
losses could materially adversely affect our business, results
of operations and financial condition and our ability to make
distributions to our stockholders.
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We may incur
increased borrowing costs, which could materially adversely
affect our business, financial condition and results of
operations and our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders.
Our borrowing costs under repurchase agreements are generally
adjustable and correspond to short-term interest rates, such as
LIBOR or a short-term U.S. Treasury index, plus or minus a
margin. The margins on these borrowings over or under short-term
interest rates may vary depending upon a number of factors,
including, without limitation:
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the movement of interest rates;
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the availability of financing in the market; and
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the value and liquidity of our Agency RMBS.
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All of our current borrowings are collateralized borrowings in
the form of repurchase agreements. If the interest rates on
these repurchase agreements increase, our business, financial
condition and results of operations and our ability to pay
distributions to our stockholders could be materially adversely
affected.
Failure to
procure adequate repurchase agreement financing, or to renew or
replace existing repurchase agreement financing as it matures,
could materially adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations and our ability to make
distributions to our stockholders.
We currently have master repurchase agreements with five
counterparties. We cannot assure you that any, or sufficient,
repurchase agreement financing will be available to us in the
future on terms that are acceptable to us. Any decline in the
value of Agency RMBS, or perceived market uncertainty about
their value, would make it more difficult for us to obtain
financing on favorable terms or at all, or maintain our
compliance with the terms of any financing arrangements already
in place. Additionally, our lenders may have owned or financed
RMBS that have declined in value and caused the lender to suffer
losses as a result of the recent downturn in the residential
mortgage market. If these conditions persist, these institutions
may be forced to exit the repurchase market, become insolvent or
further tighten lending standards or increase the amount of
equity capital, or haircuts, required to obtain financing, and
in such event, could make it more difficult for us to obtain
financing on favorable terms or at all. Additionally, we may be
unable to diversify the credit risk associated with our lenders.
In the event that we cannot obtain sufficient funding on
acceptable terms, our business, financial condition and results
of operations and our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders may be materially adversely effected.
Furthermore, because we intend to rely primarily on short-term
borrowings, our ability to achieve our investment objective will
depend not only on our ability to borrow money in sufficient
amounts and on favorable terms, but also on our ability to renew
or replace on a continuous basis our maturing short-term
borrowings. If we are not able to renew or replace maturing
borrowings, we will have to sell some or all of our assets,
possibly under adverse market conditions. In addition, if the
regulatory capital requirements imposed on our lenders change,
they may be required to significantly increase the cost of the
financing that they provide to us. Our lenders also may revise
their eligibility requirements for the types of assets they are
willing to finance or the terms of such financings, based on,
among other factors, the regulatory environment and their
management of perceived risk.
Adverse market
developments could cause our lenders to require us to pledge
additional assets as collateral. If our assets were insufficient
to meet these collateral requirements, we might be compelled to
liquidate particular assets at inopportune times and at
unfavorable prices, which could materially adversely affect our
business, financial condition and results of operations and our
ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
Adverse market developments, including a sharp or prolonged rise
in interest rates, a change in prepayment rates or increasing
market concern about the value or liquidity of one or more types
of Agency RMBS, might reduce the market value of our portfolio,
which might cause our lenders to
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initiate margin calls. A margin call means that the lender
requires us to pledge additional collateral to re-establish the
ratio of the value of the collateral to the amount of the
borrowing. The specific collateral value to borrowing ratio that
would trigger a margin call is not set in the master repurchase
agreements and not determined until we engage in a repurchase
transaction under these agreements. Our fixed-rate Agency RMBS
generally are more susceptible to margin calls as increases in
interest rates tend to more negatively affect the market value
of fixed-rate securities. If we are unable to satisfy margin
calls, our lenders may foreclose on our collateral. The threat
or occurrence of a margin call could force us to sell either
directly or through a foreclosure our Agency RMBS under adverse
market conditions. Because of the significant leverage we expect
to have, we may incur substantial losses upon the threat or
occurrence of a margin call, which could materially adversely
affect our business, financial condition and results of
operations and our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders. Additionally, the liquidation of collateral may
jeopardize our ability to qualify or maintain our qualification
as a REIT, as we must comply with requirements regarding our
assets and our sources of gross income. If we are compelled to
liquidate our Agency RMBS, we may be unable to comply with these
requirements, ultimately jeopardizing our ability to qualify or
maintain our qualification as a REIT. Our failure to qualify as
a REIT or maintain our qualification would cause us to be
subject to U.S. federal income tax (and any applicable
state and local taxes) on all of our income.
Our use of
repurchase agreements may give our lenders greater rights in the
event that either we or any of our lenders file for bankruptcy,
which may make it difficult for us to recover our collateral in
the event of a bankruptcy filing.
Our borrowings under repurchase agreements may qualify for
special treatment under the bankruptcy code, giving our lenders
the ability to avoid the automatic stay provisions of the
bankruptcy code and to take possession of and liquidate our
collateral under the repurchase agreements without delay if we
file for bankruptcy. Furthermore, the special treatment of
repurchase agreements under the bankruptcy code may make it
difficult for us to recover our pledged assets in the event that
any of our lenders files for bankruptcy. Thus, the use of
repurchase agreements exposes our pledged assets to risk in the
event of a bankruptcy filing by either our lenders or us. In
addition, if the lender is a broker or dealer subject to the
Securities Investor Protection Act of 1970, or an insured
depository institution subject to the Federal Deposit Insurance
Act, our ability to exercise our rights to recover our
investment under a repurchase agreement or to be compensated for
any damages resulting from the lenders insolvency may be
further limited by those statutes.
If we fail to
maintain our relationship with AVM, L.P. or if we do not
establish relationships with other repurchase agreement trading,
clearing and administrative service providers, our business,
financial condition and results of operations and our ability to
pay distributions to our stockholders could be materially
adversely affected.
We have engaged AVM, L.P. to provide us with certain repurchase
agreement trading, clearing and administrative services. If we
are unable to maintain our relationship with AVM, L.P. or we are
unable to establish successful relationships with other
repurchase agreement trading, clearing and administrative
service providers, our business, financial condition and results
of operations and our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders could be materially adversely affected.
If our lenders
default on their obligations to resell the Agency RMBS back to
us at the end of the repurchase transaction term, or if the
value of the Agency RMBS has declined by the end of the
repurchase transaction term or if we default on our obligations
under the repurchase transaction, we will lose money on these
transactions, which, in turn, may materially adversely affect
our business, financial condition and results of operations and
our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders.
When we engage in a repurchase transaction, we initially sell
securities to the financial institution under one of our master
repurchase agreements in exchange for cash and our counterparty
is obligated to resell the securities to us at the end of the
term of the transaction, which is typically from 24 to
90 days, but which may have terms up to 364 days or
more. The cash we receive when we
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initially sell the securities is less than the value of those
securities, which is referred to as the haircut. Many financial
institutions from whom we may obtain repurchase agreement
financing have increased their haircuts in the past, and may do
so again in the future. As of March 31, 2011, our haircuts
were approximately 7.0% on average, which means that we will be
required to pledge Agency RMBS the value of which equals
approximately 107% of the principal amount of the borrowings. If
these haircuts are increased, we will be required to post
additional cash or securities as collateral for our Agency RMBS.
If our counterparty defaults on its obligation to resell the
securities to us, we would incur a loss on the transaction equal
to the amount of the haircut (assuming there was no change in
the value of the securities). We would also lose money on a
repurchase transaction if the value of the underlying securities
has declined as of the end of the transaction term, as we would
have to repurchase the securities for their initial value but
would receive securities worth less than that amount. Any losses
we incur on our repurchase transactions could materially
adversely affect our business, financial condition and results
of operations and our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders.
If we default on one of our obligations under a repurchase
transaction, the counterparty can terminate the transaction and
cease entering into any other repurchase transactions with us.
In that case, we would likely need to establish a replacement
repurchase facility with another financial institution in order
to continue to leverage our portfolio and carry out our
investment strategy. There is no assurance we would be able to
establish a suitable replacement facility on acceptable terms or
at all.
Hedging
against interest rate exposure may not completely insulate us
from interest rate risk and could materially adversely affect
our business, financial condition and results of operations and
our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders.
To the extent consistent with qualifying and maintaining our
qualification as a REIT, we may enter into interest rate cap or
swap agreements or pursue other hedging strategies, including
the purchase of puts, calls or other options and futures
contracts in order to hedge the interest rate risk of our
portfolio. In general, our hedging strategy depends on our view
of our entire portfolio consisting of assets, liabilities and
derivative instruments, in light of prevailing market
conditions. We could misjudge the condition of our investment
portfolio or the market. Our hedging activity will vary in scope
based on the level and volatility of interest rates and
principal prepayments, the type of Agency RMBS we hold and other
changing market conditions. Hedging may fail to protect or could
adversely affect us because, among other things:
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hedging can be expensive, particularly during periods of rising
and volatile interest rates;
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available interest rate hedging may not correspond directly with
the interest rate risk for which protection is sought;
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the duration of the hedge may not match the duration of the
related liability;
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certain types of hedges may expose us to risk of loss beyond the
fee paid to initiate the hedge;
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the amount of gross income that a REIT may earn from certain
hedging transactions is limited by federal income tax provisions
governing REITs;
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the credit quality of the counterparty on the hedge may be
downgraded to such an extent that it impairs our ability to sell
or assign our side of the hedging transaction; and
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the counterparty in the hedging transaction may default on its
obligation to pay.
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There are no perfect hedging strategies, and interest rate
hedging may fail to protect us from loss. Alternatively, we may
fail to properly assess a risk to our investment portfolio or
may fail to recognize a risk entirely, leaving us exposed to
losses without the benefit of any offsetting hedging activities.
The derivative financial instruments we select may not have the
effect of reducing our interest rate risk. The nature and timing
of hedging transactions may influence the effectiveness of these
strategies. Poorly designed strategies or improperly executed
transactions could actually increase our risk and losses. In
addition, hedging activities could result in losses if the event
against which we hedge does not occur.
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Because of the foregoing risks, our hedging activity could
materially adversely affect our business, financial condition
and results of operation and our ability to pay distributions to
our stockholders.
Our use of
certain hedging techniques may expose us to counterparty
risks.
If an interest rate swap counterparty cannot perform under the
terms of the interest rate swap, we may not receive payments due
under that swap, and thus, we may lose any unrealized gain
associated with the interest rate swap. The hedged liability
could cease to be hedged by the interest rate swap.
Additionally, we may also risk the loss of any collateral we
have pledged to secure our obligations under the interest rate
swap if the counterparty becomes insolvent or files for
bankruptcy. Similarly, if an interest rate cap counterparty
fails to perform under the terms of the interest rate cap
agreement, we may not receive payments due under that agreement
that would off-set our interest expense and then could incur a
loss for the then remaining fair market value of the interest
rate cap.
Hedging
instruments often are not traded on regulated exchanges,
guaranteed by an exchange or a clearing house, or regulated by
any U.S. or foreign governmental authorities and involve risks
and costs.
The cost of using hedging instruments increases as the period
covered by the instrument increases and during periods of rising
and volatile interest rates. We may increase our hedging
activity and thus increase our hedging costs during periods when
interest rates are volatile or rising and hedging costs have
increased.
In addition, hedging instruments involve risk since they often
are not traded on regulated exchanges, guaranteed by an exchange
or its clearing house, or regulated by any U.S. or foreign
governmental authorities. While the recently enacted Dodd-Frank
Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the
Dodd-Frank Act, among other current or proposed pieces of
legislation, may add regulatory oversight or reduce counterparty
risk among market participants, little of such oversight
currently exists. Consequently, there are no requirements with
respect to record keeping, financial responsibility or
segregation of customer funds and positions. Furthermore, the
enforceability of agreements underlying derivative transactions
may depend on compliance with applicable statutory and commodity
and other regulatory requirements and, depending on the identity
of the counterparty, applicable international requirements. The
business failure of a hedging counterparty with whom we enter
into a hedging transaction most likely will result in a default.
Default by a hedging counterparty may result in the loss of
unrealized profits and force us to cover our resale commitments,
if any, at the then current market price. In addition, we may
not always be able to dispose of or close out a hedging position
without the consent of the hedging counterparty, and we may not
be able to enter into an offsetting contract to cover our risk.
We cannot assure you that a liquid secondary market will exist
for hedging instruments purchased or sold, and we may be
required to maintain a position until exercise or expiration,
which could materially adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations and our ability to pay
distributions to our stockholders.
Our ability to
achieve our investment objectives will depend on our ability to
manage future growth effectively.
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives will depend on
our ability to grow, which will depend, in turn, on our
Managers ability to identify and invest in securities that
meet our investment criteria. Accomplishing this result on a
cost-effective basis largely will be a function of our
Managers structuring and implementation of the investment
process, its ability to provide competent, attentive and
efficient services to us and our access to financing on
acceptable terms. Our Manager has substantial responsibilities,
and, in order to grow, needs to hire, train, supervise and
manage new employees successfully. Any failure to manage our
future growth effectively could have a material adverse effect
on our business, financial condition and results of operations
and our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
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We may change
our investment strategy, investment guidelines and asset
allocation without notice or stockholder consent, which may
result in riskier investments. In addition, our charter will
provide that our Board of Directors may revoke or otherwise
terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our
stockholders.
Our Board of Directors has the authority to change our
investment strategy or asset allocation at any time without
notice to or consent from our stockholders. To the extent that
our investment strategy changes in the future, we may make
investments that are different from, and possibly riskier than,
the investments described in this prospectus. A change in our
investment strategy may increase our exposure to interest rate
and real estate market fluctuations. Furthermore, a change in
our asset allocation could result in our allocating assets in a
different manner than as described in this prospectus.
In addition, our charter will provide that our Board of
Directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election,
without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that
it is no longer in our best interests to qualify as a REIT.
These changes could materially adversely affect our business,
financial condition, results of operations, the market value of
our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our
stockholders.
Competition
might prevent us from acquiring Agency RMBS at favorable yields,
which could materially adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations and our ability to pay
distributions to our stockholders.
We operate in a highly competitive market for investment
opportunities. Our net income largely depends on our ability to
acquire Agency RMBS at favorable spreads over our borrowing
costs. In acquiring Agency RMBS, we compete with a variety of
institutional investors, including other REITs, investment
banking firms, savings and loan associations, banks, insurance
companies, mutual funds, other lenders and other entities that
purchase Agency RMBS, many of which have greater financial,
technical, marketing and other resources than we do. Several
other REITs have recently raised, or are expected to raise,
significant amounts of capital, and may have investment
objectives that overlap with ours, which may create additional
competition for investment opportunities. Some competitors may
have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that
may not be available to us, such as funding from the
U.S. Government. Additionally, many of our competitors are
not subject to REIT tax compliance or required to maintain an
exemption from the Investment Company Act. In addition, some of
our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different
risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider
variety of investments. Furthermore, competition for investments
in Agency RMBS may lead the price of such investments to
increase, which may further limit our ability to generate
desired returns. As a result, we may not be able to acquire
sufficient Agency RMBS at favorable spreads over our borrowing
costs, which would materially adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations and our ability to
pay distributions to our stockholders.
The recent
actions of the U.S. Government for the purpose of stabilizing
the financial markets may adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations and our ability to
pay distributions to our stockholders.
The U.S. Government, through the Federal Reserve, the
U.S. Treasury, the SEC, the Federal Housing Administration,
or FHA, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, and
other governmental and regulatory bodies have taken or are
considering taking various actions to address the financial
crisis. For example, on July 21, 2010, President Obama
signed into law the Dodd-Frank Act. Many aspects of the
Dodd-Frank Act are subject to rulemaking and will take effect
over several years, making it difficult to anticipate the
overall financial impact on us and, more generally, the
financial services and mortgage industries. Additionally, we
cannot predict whether there will be additional proposed laws or
reforms that would affect us, whether or when such changes may
be adopted, how such changes may be interpreted and enforced or
how such changes may affect us. However, the costs of complying
with any additional laws or regulations could have a material
adverse
36
effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations and our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders.
In addition to the foregoing, the U.S. Congress
and/or
various state and local legislatures may enact additional
legislation or regulatory action designed to address the current
economic crisis or for other purposes that could have a material
adverse effect on our ability to execute our business
strategies. To the extent the market does not respond favorably
to these initiatives or they do not function as intended, our
business, financial condition and results of operations and our
ability to pay distributions to our stockholders could be
materially adversely affected.
We will be
subject to the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.
After becoming a public company, management will be required to
deliver a report that assesses the effectiveness of our internal
controls over financial reporting, pursuant to Section 302
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may require our
auditors to deliver an attestation report on the effectiveness
of our internal controls over financial reporting in conjunction
with their opinion on our audited financial statements as of
December 31 subsequent to the year in which this registration
statement becomes effective. Substantial work on our part is
required to implement appropriate processes, document the system
of internal control over key processes, assess their design,
remediate any deficiencies identified and test their operation.
This process is expected to be both costly and challenging. We
cannot give any assurances that material weaknesses will not be
identified in the future in connection with our compliance with
the provisions of Section 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act. The existence of any material weakness described above
would preclude a conclusion by management and our independent
auditors that we maintained effective internal control over
financial reporting. Our management may be required to devote
significant time and expense to remediate any material
weaknesses that may be discovered and may not be able to
remediate any material weakness in a timely manner. The
existence of any material weakness in our internal control over
financial reporting could also result in errors in our financial
statements that could require us to restate our financial
statements, cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations
and cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial
information, all of which could lead to a decline in the trading
price of our common stock.
Terrorist
attacks and other acts of violence or war may materially
adversely affect our business, financial condition and results
of operations and our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders.
We cannot assure you that there will not be further terrorist
attacks against the United States or U.S. businesses. These
attacks or armed conflicts may directly impact the property
underlying our Agency RMBS or the securities markets in general.
Losses resulting from these types of events are uninsurable.
More generally, any of these events could cause consumer
confidence and spending to decrease or result in increased
volatility in the United States and worldwide financial markets
and economies. They also could result in economic uncertainty in
the United States or abroad. Adverse economic conditions could
harm the value of the property underlying our Agency RMBS or the
securities markets in general, which could materially adversely
affect our business, financial condition and results of
operations and our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders.
We are highly
dependent on communications and information systems operated by
third parties, and systems failures could significantly disrupt
our business, which may, in turn, adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations and our ability to
pay distributions to our stockholders.
Our business is highly dependent on communications and
information systems that allow us to monitor, value, buy, sell,
finance and hedge our investments. These systems are operated by
third parties and, as a result, we have limited ability to
ensure their continued operation. In the event of a systems
failure or interruption, we will have limited ability to affect
the timing and success of systems restoration. Any failure or
interruption of our systems could cause delays or other problems
in our
37
securities trading activities, including Agency RMBS trading
activities, which could have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition and results of operations and our
ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
If we issue
debt securities, our operations may be restricted and we will be
exposed to additional risk.
If we decide to issue debt securities in the future, it is
likely that such securities will be governed by an indenture or
other instrument containing covenants restricting our operating
flexibility. Additionally, any convertible or exchangeable
securities that we issue in the future may have rights,
preferences and privileges more favorable than those of our
common stock. We, and indirectly our stockholders, will bear the
cost of issuing and servicing such securities. Holders of debt
securities may be granted specific rights, including but not
limited to, the right to hold a perfected security interest in
certain of our assets, the right to accelerate payments due
under the indenture, rights to restrict dividend payments, and
rights to approve the sale of assets. Such additional
restrictive covenants and operating restrictions could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and
results of operations and our ability to pay distributions to
our stockholders.
Risks Related to
Conflicts of Interest in Our Relationship with Our Manager and
Bimini
The management
agreement was not negotiated on an arms-length basis and
the terms, including fees payable and our inability to
terminate, or our election not to renew, the management
agreement based on our Managers poor performance without
paying our Manager a significant termination fee, may not be as
favorable to us as if it were negotiated with an unaffiliated
third party.
The management agreement was negotiated between related parties,
and we did not have the benefit of arms-length
negotiations of the type normally conducted with an unaffiliated
third party. The terms of the management agreement, including
fees payable and our inability to terminate, or our election not
to renew, the management agreement based on our Managers
poor performance without paying our Manager a significant
termination fee, may not reflect the terms we may have received
if it was negotiated with an unrelated third party. In addition,
as a result of the relationship with our Manager, we may choose
not to enforce, or to enforce less vigorously, our rights under
the management agreement because of our desire to maintain our
ongoing relationship with our Manager.
We have no
employees and our Manager will be responsible for making all of
our investment decisions. None of our or our Managers
officers are required to devote any specific amount of time to
our business and each of them may provide their services to
Bimini which could result in conflicts of
interest.
Our Manager will be responsible for making all of our
investments. We do not have any employees, and we are completely
reliant on our Manager to provide us with investment advisory
services. Each of our and our Managers officers is an
employee of Bimini and none of them will devote their time to us
exclusively. Each of Messrs. Cauley and Haas, who will be
the initial members of our Managers investment committee,
is an officer of Bimini and has significant responsibilities to
Bimini. Due to the fact that each of our officers is responsible
for providing services to Bimini, they may not devote sufficient
time to the management of our business operations. At times when
there are turbulent conditions in the mortgage markets or
distress in the credit markets or other times when we will need
focused support and assistance from our executive officers and
our Manager, Bimini and its affiliates will likewise require
greater focus and attention from them. In such situations, we
may not receive the level of support and assistance that we
otherwise would likely have received if we were internally
managed or if such executives were not otherwise committed to
provide support to Bimini.
We expect our Board of Directors to adopt investment guidelines
that will require that any investment transaction between us and
Bimini or any affiliate of Bimini receives the prior approval of
a majority of our independent directors. See Our Manager
and the Management Agreement Conflicts of Interest;
Equitable Allocation of Opportunities. However, this
policy will not eliminate the conflicts
38
of interest that our officers will face in making investment
decisions on behalf of Bimini and us. Further, we do not have
any agreement or understanding with Bimini that would give us
any priority over Bimini or any of its affiliates. Accordingly,
we may compete for access to the benefits that we expect our
relationship with our Manager and Bimini to provide.
We are
completely dependent upon our Manager and certain key personnel
of Bimini who provide services to us through the management
agreement, and we may not find suitable replacements for our
Manager and these personnel if the management agreement is
terminated or such key personnel are no longer available to
us.
We are completely dependent on our Manager to conduct our
operations pursuant to the management agreement. Because we do
not have any employees or separate facilities, we are reliant on
our Manager to provide us with the personnel, services and
resources necessary to carry out our
day-to-day
operations. Our management agreement does not require our
Manager to dedicate specific personnel to our operations or a
specific amount of time to our business. Additionally, because
we will be affiliated with Bimini, we may be negatively impacted
by an event or factors, including ongoing and potential legal
proceedings against Bimini and its subsidiaries, that negatively
impacts or could negatively impact Biminis business or
financial condition.
After the initial term of the management agreement, which
expires
on ,
2014, or upon the expiration of any automatic renewal term, our
Manager may elect not to renew the management agreement without
cause, and without penalty, on
180-days
prior written notice to us. If we elect not to renew the
management agreement without cause, we would have to pay a
termination fee equal to three times the average annual
management fee earned by our Manager during the prior 24-month
period immediately preceding the most recently completed
calender quarter prior to the effective date of termination.
During the term of the management agreement and for two years
after its expiration or termination, we may not, without the
consent of our Manager, employ any employee of the Manager or
any of its affiliates or any person who has been employed by our
Manager or any of its affiliates at any time within the two year
period immediately preceding the date on which the person
commences employment with us. We do not have retention
agreements with any of our officers. We believe that the
successful implementation of our investment and financing
strategies depends to a significant extent upon the experience
of Biminis executive officers. None of these
individuals continued service is guaranteed. If the
management agreement is terminated or these individuals leave
Bimini, we may be unable to execute our business plan.
Legal
proceedings involving Bimini and certain of its subsidiaries
have adversely affected Bimini, may materially adversely affect
Biminis ability to effectively manage our business and
could materially adversely affect our reputation, business,
financial condition and results of operations and our ability to
pay distributions to our stockholders.
Bimini and its subsidiaries are currently subject to a number of
ongoing legal proceedings and could be subject to further legal
proceedings in the future. Bimini is vigorously defending itself
in these proceedings. Most of these legal proceedings arise out
of the mortgage-related operations of Biminis mortgage
origination subsidiary that discontinued operations in 2007. In
the past, Bimini and certain of its subsidiaries have been
subject to similar actions, including proceedings alleging
violations of the federal securities laws and for breach of duty
arising from the sale of certain mortgage-related securities,
which have now been satisfactorily resolved, but Bimini and its
subsidiaries could be subject to similar actions in the future.
Because all of our Managers officers are also officers of
Bimini, any legal proceedings or regulatory inquiries involving
Bimini and its subsidiaries, whether meritorious or not, may
divert the time and attention of our Manager and certain key
personnel of our Manager from us and our investment strategy and
may negatively affect Biminis business operations and
financial condition. In addition, due to our relationship with
Bimini and our Manager, such events could result in a material
adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition
and results of operations and our ability to pay distributions
to our stockholders. Furthermore, if these legal proceedings
were to result in a bankruptcy of Bimini or our Manager, we may
not terminate the management agreement with our
39
Manager until 30 days after we provide written notice of
termination to the Manager and could experience difficulty in
finding another manager or hiring personnel to conduct our
business. Alternatively, a bankruptcy court could prevent us
from exercising such termination right, regardless of the
provisions of the management agreement.
We, Bimini and
other accounts managed by our Manager may compete for
opportunities to acquire assets, which are allocated in
accordance with the Investment Allocation Agreement by and among
Bimini, our Manager and us.
Bimini and our Manager may, from time to time, simultaneously
seek to purchase the same or similar assets for us (through our
Manager) that it is seeking to purchase for Bimini and other
accounts that may be managed by our Manager in the future, and
our Manager has no duty to allocate such opportunities in a
manner that preferentially favors us. Bimini and our Manager
make available to us opportunities to acquire assets that they
determine, in their reasonable and good faith judgment, based on
our objectives, policies and strategies, and other relevant
factors, are appropriate for us in accordance with the
Investment Allocation Agreement.
Because many of our targeted assets are typically available only
in specified quantities and because many of our targeted assets
are also targeted assets for Bimini and may be targeted assets
for other accounts our Manager may manage in the future, neither
Bimini nor our Manager may be able to buy as much of any given
asset as required to satisfy the needs of Bimini, us and any
other account our Manager may manage in the future. In these
cases, the Investment Allocation Agreement will require the
allocation of such assets to multiple accounts in proportion to
their needs and available capital. The Investment Allocation
Agreement will permit departure from such proportional
allocation when (i) allocating purchases of whole-pool Agency
RMBS, because those securities cannot be divided into multiple
parts to be allocated among various accounts, and (ii) such
allocation would result in an inefficiently small amount of the
security being purchased for an account. In that case, the
Investment Allocation Agreement allows for a protocol of
allocating assets so that, on an overall basis, each account is
treated equitably.
There are
conflicts of interest in our relationships with our Manager and
Bimini, which could result in decisions that are not in the best
interests of our stockholders.
We are subject to conflicts of interest arising out of our
relationship with Bimini and our Manager. All of our executive
officers are employees of Bimini. As a result, our officers may
have conflicts between their duties to us and their duties to
Bimini or our Manager.
We may acquire or sell assets in which Bimini or its affiliates
have or may have an interest. Similarly, Bimini or its
affiliates may acquire or sell assets in which we have or may
have an interest. Although such acquisitions or dispositions may
present conflicts of interest, we nonetheless may pursue and
consummate such transactions. Additionally, we may engage in
transactions directly with Bimini or its affiliates, including
the purchase and sale of all or a portion of a portfolio asset.
For example, on March 31, 2011, we purchased Agency RMBS
from Bimini for a purchase price of approximately
$1.1 million.
Acquisitions made for entities with similar objectives may be
different from those made on our behalf. Bimini may have
economic interests in or other relationships with others in
whose obligations or securities we may acquire. In particular,
such persons may make
and/or hold
an investment in securities that we acquire that may be pari
passu, senior or junior in ranking to our interest in the
securities or in which partners, security holders, officers,
directors, agents or employees of such persons serve on the
board of directors or otherwise have ongoing relationships. Each
of such ownership and other relationships may result in
securities laws restrictions on transactions in such securities
and otherwise create conflicts of interest. In such instances,
our Manager may, in its sole discretion, make recommendations
and decisions regarding such securities for other entities that
may be the same as or different from those made to or for us
with respect to such securities and may take actions (or omit to
take actions) in the context of these other economic interests
or relationships the consequences of which may be adverse to our
interests.
40
The officers of Bimini and our Manager devote as much time to us
as Bimini and our Manager deem appropriate. However, these
officers may have conflicts in allocating their time and
services among us and Bimini and our Manager. During turbulent
conditions in the mortgage industry, distress in the credit
markets or other times when we will need focused support and
assistance from our Managers and Biminis employees,
Bimini and other entities for which our Manager may serve as a
manager in the future, will likewise require greater focus and
attention, placing our Managers and Biminis
resources in high demand. In such situations, we may not receive
the necessary support and assistance we require or would
otherwise receive if we were internally managed.
We, directly or through Bimini or our Manager, may obtain
confidential information about the companies or securities in
which we have invested or may invest. If we do possess
confidential information about such companies or securities,
there may be restrictions on our ability to dispose of, increase
the amount of, or otherwise take action with respect to the
securities of such companies. Our Managers management of
other accounts could create a conflict of interest to the extent
our Manager or Bimini is aware of material non-public
information concerning potential investment decisions. We have
implemented compliance procedures and practices designed to
ensure that investment decisions are not made while in
possession of material non-public information. We cannot assure
you, however, that these procedures and practices will be
effective. In addition, this conflict and these procedures and
practices may limit the freedom of our Manager to make
potentially profitable investments, which could have an adverse
effect on our operations. These limitations imposed by access to
confidential information could therefore materially adversely
affect our business, financial condition and results of
operations and our ability to make distributions to our
stockholders.
John B. Van Heuvelen, one of our independent director
nominees, owns shares of common stock of Bimini.
Mr. Cauley, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of our
Board of Directors, also serves as Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board of Directors of Bimini and owns shares of
common stock of Bimini. Mr. Haas, our Chief Financial
Officer, Chief Investment Officer, Secretary and a member of our
Board of Directors, also serves as the Chief Financial Officer,
Chief Investment Officer and Treasurer of Bimini and owns shares
of common stock of Bimini. Accordingly,
Messrs. Van Heuvelen, Cauley and Haas may have a
conflict of interest with respect to actions by our Board of
Directors that relate to Bimini or our Manager.
Bimini will own 12.42% of our outstanding shares of common stock
upon completion of this offering. In evaluating opportunities
for us and other management strategies, this may lead our
Manager to emphasize certain asset acquisition, disposition or
management objectives over others, such as balancing risk or
capital preservation objectives against return objectives. This
could increase the risks, or decrease the returns, of your
investment.
If we elect to
not renew the management agreement without cause, we would be
required to pay our Manager a substantial termination fee. These
and other provisions in our management agreement make
non-renewal of our management agreement difficult and
costly.
Electing not to renew the management agreement without cause
would be difficult and costly for us. With the consent of the
majority of our independent directors, we may elect not to renew
our management agreement after the initial term of the
management agreement, which expires
on ,
2014, or upon the expiration of any automatic renewal term, both
upon
180-days
prior written notice. If we elect to not renew the agreement
because of a decision by our Board of Directors that the
management fee is unfair, our Manager has the right to
renegotiate a mutually agreeable management fee. If we elect to
not renew the management agreement without cause, we are
required to pay our Manager a termination fee equal to three
times the average annual management fee earned by our Manager
during the prior
24-month
period immediately preceding the most recently completed
calendar quarter prior to the effective date of termination.
These provisions may increase the effective cost to us of
electing to not renew the management agreement, thereby
adversely affecting our inclination to end our relationship with
our Manager even if we believe our Managers performance is
unsatisfactory.
41
Our
Managers management fee is payable regardless of our
performance.
Our Manager is entitled to receive a management fee from us that
is based on the amount of our equity (as defined in the
management agreement), regardless of the performance of our
investment portfolio. See Prospectus Summary
Our Management Agreement. For example, we would pay our
Manager a management fee for a specific period even if we
experienced a net loss during the same period. Our
Managers entitlement to substantial nonperformance-based
compensation may reduce its incentive to devote sufficient time
and effort to seeking investments that provide attractive
risk-adjusted returns for our investment portfolio. This in turn
could materially adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations and our ability to make
distributions to our stockholders.
Our Manager
will not be liable to us for any acts or omissions performed in
accordance with the management agreement, including with respect
to the performance of our investments.
Our Manager has not assumed any responsibility other than to
render the services called for under the management agreement in
good faith and is not responsible for any action of our Board of
Directors in following or declining to follow its advice or
recommendations, including as set forth in the investment
guidelines. Our Manager and its affiliates, and the directors,
officers, employees, members and stockholders of our Manager and
its affiliates, will not be liable to us, our Board of Directors
or our stockholders for any acts or omissions performed in
accordance with and pursuant to the management agreement, except
by reason of acts constituting bad faith, willful misconduct,
gross negligence or reckless disregard of their respective
duties under the management agreement. We have agreed to
indemnify our Manager and its affiliates, and the directors,
officers, employees, members and stockholders of our Manager and
its affiliates, with respect to all expenses, losses, damages,
liabilities, demands, charges and claims in respect of or
arising from any acts or omissions of our Manager, its
affiliates, and the directors, officers, employees, members and
stockholders of our Manager and its affiliates, performed in
good faith under the management agreement and not constituting
bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence, or reckless
disregard of their respective duties. Therefore, you will have
no recourse against our Manager with respect to the performance
of investments made in accordance with the management agreement.
Risks Related to
Our Common Stock
Investing in
our common stock may involve a high degree of
risk.
The investments we make in accordance with our investment
objectives may result in a high amount of risk when compared to
alternative investment options and volatility or loss of
principal. Our investments may be highly speculative and
aggressive, and therefore an investment in our common stock may
not be suitable for someone with a lower risk tolerance.
There may not
be an active market for our common stock, which may cause our
common stock to trade at a discount and make it difficult to
sell the common stock you purchase.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our
common stock. The initial public offering price for our common
stock will be determined by negotiations between the
underwriters and us. The initial public offering price may not
correspond to the price at which our common stock will trade in
the public market subsequent to this offering and the price of
our shares available in the public market may not reflect our
actual financial performance.
We have applied to have our common stock approved for listing on
the NYSE under the symbol ORC. Trading on the NYSE
will not ensure that an actual market will develop for our
common stock. Accordingly, no assurance can be given as to:
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the likelihood that an actual market for our common stock will
develop;
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the liquidity of any such market;
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the ability of any holder to sell shares of our common stock; or
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the prices that may be obtained for our common stock.
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We have not
established a minimum distribution payment level, and we cannot
assure you of our ability to make distributions to our
stockholders in the future.
We intend to make quarterly distributions to our stockholders in
amounts such that we distribute all or substantially all of our
taxable income in each year, subject to certain adjustments. We
have not established a minimum distribution payment level, and
our ability to make distributions might be harmed by the risk
factors described in this prospectus. All distributions will be
made at the discretion of our Board of Directors out of funds
legally available therefor and will depend on our earnings, our
financial condition, qualifying and maintaining our
qualification as a REIT and such other factors as our Board of
Directors may deem relevant from time to time. We cannot assure
you that we will have the ability to make distributions to our
stockholders in the future. To the extent that we decide to pay
distributions from the proceeds from this offering or other
securities offerings, such distributions would generally be
considered a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. A return of capital reduces the basis of a
stockholders investment in our common stock to the extent
of such basis and is treated as capital gain thereafter.
The issuance
of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants we intend
to sell to Bimini in the concurrent private placement may
substantially dilute your holdings and may, therefore, reduce
the value of our common stock.
We intend to sell to Bimini in a concurrent private placement
warrants to purchase 4,500,000 shares of our common stock. These
warrants likely will be exercised if the market price of our
common stock equals or exceeds the exercise price of the
warrants. The issuance of shares of our common stock to Bimini
pursuant to the exercise of its warrants may substantially
dilute your holdings as follows: (i) the issuance of shares
of common stock to Bimini may decrease our earnings per share,
(ii) the issuance of shares of common stock to Bimini may
decrease our book value per share, and (iii) the issuance
of shares of common stock to Bimini will dilute your voting
interests. These dilutive events could cause a significant
reduction in the value of our common stock.
Future
offerings of debt securities, which would be senior to our
common stock upon liquidation, or equity securities, which would
dilute our existing stockholders and may be senior to our common
stock for the purposes of distributions, may harm the value of
our common stock.
In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources
by making additional offerings of debt or equity securities,
including commercial paper, medium-term notes, senior or
subordinated notes and classes of preferred stock or common
stock, as well as warrants to purchase shares of common stock or
convertible preferred stock. Upon the liquidation of the
Company, holders of our debt securities and shares of preferred
stock and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive
a distribution of our available assets prior to the holders of
our common stock. Additional equity offerings by us may dilute
the holdings of our existing stockholders or reduce the market
value of our common stock, or both. Our preferred stock, if
issued, would have a preference on distributions that could
limit our ability to make distributions to the holders of our
common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any
future offering will depend on market conditions and other
factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the
amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Our
stockholders are therefore subject to the risk of our future
securities offerings reducing the market price of our common
stock and diluting their common stock.
The market
value of our common stock may be volatile following this
offering.
The market value of shares of our common stock may be based
primarily upon current and future cash dividends, and the market
price of shares of our common stock will be influenced by the
dividends on those shares relative to market interest rates.
Rising interest rates may lead potential buyers of our common
stock to expect a higher dividend rate, which would adversely
affect the market price of shares of our common stock. As a
result, the market price of our common stock may be highly
volatile and subject to wide price fluctuations. In addition,
the trading volume in our common
43
stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to
occur. Some of the factors that could negatively affect the
share price or trading volume of our common stock include:
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actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating
results or distributions;
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changes in our earnings estimates or publication of research
reports about us or the real estate or specialty finance
industry;
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increases in market interest rates that lead purchasers of our
common stock to demand a higher dividend yield;
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the exercise of the warrants we intend to sell to Bimini in the
concurrent private placement;
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changes in market valuations of similar companies;
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adverse market reaction to any increased indebtedness we incur
in the future;
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a change in our Manager or additions or departures of key
management personnel;
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actions by institutional stockholders;
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speculation in the press or investment community; and
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general market and economic conditions.
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If the market price of our common stock declines significantly,
you may be unable to resell your shares at or above the offering
price. We cannot assure you that the market price of our common
stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future.
Broad market
fluctuations could harm the market price of our common
stock.
The stock market has experienced extreme price and volume
fluctuations in the past that have affected the market price of
many companies in industries similar or related to ours and that
have been unrelated to these companies operating
performances. These broad market fluctuations could occur again
and could reduce the market price of our common stock.
Furthermore, our operating results and prospects may be below
the expectations of public market analysts and investors or may
be lower than those of companies with comparable market
capitalizations, which could harm the market price of our common
stock.
Shares of our
common stock eligible for future sale may harm our share
price.
We cannot predict the effect, if any, of future sales of shares
of our common stock, or the availability of shares for future
sales, on the market price of our common stock. Sales of
substantial amounts of these shares of our common stock, or the
perception that these sales could occur, may harm prevailing
market prices for our common stock. Prior to the completion of
this offering, Bimini will own 1,063,830 shares of our
common stock (after giving effect to the stock dividend we
intend to effect prior to the completion of this offering) and,
upon completion of this offering and the concurrent private
placement, we intend to sell to Bimini warrants to purchase
4,500,000 shares of our common stock. The 2011 Equity
Incentive Plan provides for grants up to an aggregate of 10% of
the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock (on a
fully diluted basis) at the time of the award, subject to a
maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be
issued under the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan of
4,000,000 shares of common stock. Pursuant to the
registration rights agreement, upon the first anniversary of the
completion of this offering, we will grant to (i) Bimini
and its transferees demand registration rights to have its
shares of our common stock, including shares of our common stock
issuable upon the exercise of the warrants we intend to sell to
Bimini in the concurrent private placement, registered for
resale, provided that no holder may request more than two demand
registrations, and, (ii) solely Bimini, in certain
circumstances, the right to piggy-back these shares
in registration statements we might file in connection with any
future public offering, so long as Bimini holds these shares. If
Bimini sells a large number of our securities in the public
market, the sale could reduce the market price of our common
stock and could impede our ability to raise future capital.
44
You should not
rely on
lock-up
agreements in connection with this offering to limit the amount
of common stock sold into the market.
We and each of our Manager, our directors and executive officers
will agree that, for a period of 180 days after the date of
this prospectus, without the prior written consent of Barclays
Capital Inc., we and they will not sell, dispose of or hedge any
shares of our common stock, subject to certain exceptions and
extensions in certain circumstances. Bimini will agree that, for
a period of 365 days after the date of this prospectus, it
will not, without the prior written consent of Barclays Capital
Inc., dispose of or hedge any of (i) its shares of our common
stock, including any shares of our common stock issuable upon
the exercise of the warrants it intends to purchase in the
concurrent private placement, (ii) the warrants that it intends
to purchase in the concurrent private placement or (iii) any
shares of our common stock that it may acquire after completion
of this offering, subject to certain exceptions and extension in
certain circumstances.
There are no present agreements between Barclays Capital Inc.
and any of Bimini, our Manager, our directors, our executive
officers or us to release any of them or us from these
lock-up
agreements. However, we cannot predict the circumstances or
timing under which Barclays Capital Inc. may waive these
restrictions. These sales or a perception that these sales may
occur could reduce the market price of our common stock.
An increase in
market interest rates may cause a material decrease in the
market price of our common stock.
One of the factors that investors may consider in deciding
whether to buy or sell shares of our common stock is our
distribution rate as a percentage of our share price relative to
market interest rates. If the market price of our common stock
is based primarily on the earnings and return that we derive
from our investments and income with respect to our investments
and our related distributions to stockholders, and not from the
market value of the investments themselves, then interest rate
fluctuations and capital market conditions are likely to
adversely affect the market price of our common stock. For
instance, if market rates rise without an increase in our
distribution rate, the market price of our common stock could
decrease as potential investors may require a higher
distribution yield on our common stock or seek other securities
paying higher distributions or interest. In addition, rising
interest rates would result in increased interest expense on our
variable rate debt, thereby reducing cash flow and our ability
to service our indebtedness and pay distributions.
Risks Related to
Our Organization and Structure
Loss of our
exemption from regulation under the Investment Company Act would
negatively affect the value of shares of our common stock and
our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders.
We have operated and intend to continue to operate our business
so as to be exempt from registration under the Investment
Company Act because we are primarily engaged in the
business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and
other liens on and interests in real estate. Specifically,
we invest and intend to continue to invest so that at least 55%
of the assets that we own on an unconsolidated basis consist of
qualifying mortgages and other liens and interests in real
estate, which are collectively referred to as qualifying
real estate assets, and so that at least 80% of the assets
we own on an unconsolidated basis consist of real estate related
assets (including our qualifying real estate assets). We treat
Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae whole-pool residential
mortgage pass-through securities issued with respect to an
underlying pool of mortgage loans in which we hold all of the
certificates issued by the pool as qualifying real estate assets
based on no-action letters issued by the SEC. To the extent that
the SEC publishes new or different guidance with respect to
these matters, we may fail to qualify for this exemption.
If we fail to qualify for this exemption, we could be required
to restructure our activities in a manner that, or at a time
when, we would not otherwise choose to do so, which could
negatively affect the value of shares of our common stock and
our ability to distribute dividends. For example, if the market
value of our investments in CMOs or structured Agency RMBS,
neither of which are qualifying real estate
45
assets, were to increase by an amount that resulted in less
than 55% of our assets being invested in pass-through Agency
RMBS, we might have to sell CMOs or structured Agency RMBS in
order to maintain our exemption from the Investment Company Act.
The sale could occur during adverse market conditions, and we
could be forced to accept a price below that which we believe is
acceptable.
Alternatively, if we fail to qualify for this exemption, we may
have to register under the Investment Company Act and we could
become subject to substantial regulation with respect to our
capital structure (including our ability to use leverage),
management, operations, transactions with affiliated persons (as
defined in the Investment Company Act), portfolio composition,
including restrictions with respect to diversification and
industry concentration, and other matters.
We may be required at times to adopt less efficient methods of
financing certain of our securities, and we may be precluded
from acquiring certain types of higher yielding securities. The
net effect of these factors would be to lower our net interest
income. If we fail to qualify for an exemption from registration
as an investment company or an exclusion from the definition of
an investment company, our ability to use leverage would be
substantially reduced, and we would not be able to conduct our
business as described in this prospectus. Our business will be
materially and adversely affected if we fail to qualify for and
maintain an exemption from regulation pursuant to the Investment
Company Act.
Our ownership
limitations and certain other provisions of applicable law and
our charter and bylaws may restrict business combination
opportunities that would otherwise be favorable to our
stockholders.
Our charter and bylaws and Maryland law contain provisions that
may delay, defer or prevent a change in control or other
transaction that might involve a premium price for our common
stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders,
including business combination provisions, supermajority vote
and cause requirements for removal of directors, provisions that
vacancies on our Board of Directors may be filled only by the
remaining directors, for the full term of the directorship in
which the vacancy occurred, the power of our Board of Directors
to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized
shares of stock or the number of shares of any class or series
of stock, to cause us to issue additional shares of stock of any
class or series and to fix the terms of one or more classes or
series of stock without stockholder approval, the restrictions
on ownership and transfer of our stock and advance notice
requirements for director nominations and stockholder proposals.
Upon the closing of this offering, to assist us in qualifying as
a REIT, among other purposes, ownership of our stock by any
person will generally be limited to 9.8% in value or number of
shares, whichever is more restrictive, of any class or series of
our stock, except that Bimini may own up to 44% of our common
stock so long as Bimini continues to qualify as a REIT.
Additionally, our charter will prohibit beneficial or
constructive ownership of our stock that would otherwise result
in our failure to qualify as a REIT. The ownership rules in our
charter are complex and may cause the outstanding stock owned by
a group of related individuals or entities to be deemed to be
owned by one individual or entity. As a result, these ownership
rules could cause an individual or entity to unintentionally own
shares beneficially or constructively in excess of our ownership
limits. Any attempt to own or transfer shares of our common or
preferred stock in excess of our ownership limits without the
consent of our Board of Directors will result in such shares
being transferred to a charitable trust. These provisions may
inhibit market activity and the resulting opportunity for our
stockholders to receive a premium for their stock that might
otherwise exist if any person were to attempt to assemble a
block of shares of our stock in excess of the number of shares
permitted under our charter and which may be in the best
interests of our security holders.
Our Board of Directors may, without stockholder approval, amend
our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of our
shares or the number of shares of any class or series that we
have the authority to issue and to classify or reclassify any
unissued shares of common stock or preferred stock, and set the
preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or
reclassified shares. As a result, our Board of Directors may
take actions with respect to our common or preferred stock that
may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in
control, including transactions at a premium over the market
price of our shares, even if stockholders believe that a change
in control is in their interest. These provisions, along with
the restrictions on ownership and transfer contained in our
46
charter and certain provisions of Maryland law described below,
could discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or make it
more difficult for a third party to gain control of us, which
could adversely affect the market price of our securities. See
Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and
Bylaws.
Our rights and
the rights of our stockholders to take action against our
directors and officers are limited, which could limit your
recourse in the event of actions not in your best
interests.
Our charter will limit the liability of our directors and
officers to us and our stockholders for money damages, except
for liability resulting from:
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actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money,
property or services; or
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a final judgment based upon a finding of active and deliberate
dishonesty by the director or officer that was material to the
cause of action adjudicated.
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We will enter into indemnification agreements with our directors
and executive officers that obligate us to indemnify them to the
maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. In addition, our
charter will authorize the Company to obligate itself to
indemnify our present and former directors and officers for
actions taken by them in those and other capacities to the
maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. Our bylaws will
require us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, to
indemnify each present and former director or officer in the
defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or
threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service
to us. In addition, we may be obligated to advance the defense
costs incurred by our directors and officers. As a result, we
and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our
directors and officers than might otherwise exist absent the
provisions in our charter, bylaws and indemnification agreements
or that might exist with other companies. See Certain
Provisions of Maryland Law and of our Charter and
Bylaws Limitation of Directors and
Officers Liability and Indemnification.
Certain
provisions of Maryland law could inhibit changes in
control.
Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law, or
the MGCL, may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from
making a proposal to acquire us or impeding a change of control
under circumstances that otherwise could provide our
stockholders with the opportunity to realize a premium over the
then-prevailing market price of our common stock, including:
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business combination provisions that, subject to
limitations, prohibit certain business combinations between us
and an interested stockholder (defined generally as
any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power
of our outstanding voting stock or an affiliate or associate of
ours who, at any time within the two-year period immediately
prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10%
or more of the voting power of our then outstanding stock) or an
affiliate of an interested stockholder for five years after the
most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an interested
stockholder, and thereafter require two supermajority
stockholder votes to approve any such combination; and
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control share provisions that provide that a holder
of control shares of the Company (defined as voting
shares of stock which, when aggregated with all other shares of
stock owned by the acquiror or in respect of which the acquiror
is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power
(except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), entitle the
acquiror to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting
power in electing directors) acquired in a control share
acquisition (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition
of ownership or control of control shares, subject
to certain exceptions) generally have no voting rights with
respect to the control shares except to the extent approved by
our stockholders by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of all
the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all
interested shares.
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We will elect to opt-out of these provisions of the MGCL, in the
case of the business combination provisions of the MGCL, by
resolution of our Board of Directors (provided that such
business combination is first approved by our Board of
Directors, including a majority of our directors who are not
affiliates or associates of such person), and in the case of the
control share provisions of the MGCL, pursuant to a provision in
our bylaws. However, our Board of Directors may by resolution
elect to repeal the foregoing opt-out from the business
combination provisions of the MGCL, and we may, by amendment to
our bylaws, opt in to the control share provisions of the MGCL
in the future.
We may be
subject to adverse legislative or regulatory changes that could
reduce the market price of our common stock.
At any time, laws or regulations, or the administrative
interpretations of those laws or regulations, that impact our
business and Maryland corporations may be amended. In addition,
the markets for RMBS and derivatives, including interest rate
swaps, have been the subject of intense scrutiny in recent
months. We cannot predict when or if any new law, regulation or
administrative interpretation, or any amendment to any existing
law, regulation or administrative interpretation, will be
adopted or promulgated or will become effective. Additionally,
revision to these laws, regulations or administrative
interpretations could cause us to change our investments. We
could be materially adversely affected by any such change to any
existing, or any new, law, regulation or administrative
interpretation, which could reduce the market price of our
common stock.
U.S. Federal
Income Tax Risks
Your
investment has various U.S. federal income tax
risks.
Although the provisions of the Code relevant to your investment
are generally described in Material U.S. Federal
Income Tax Considerations, we strongly urge you to consult
your own tax advisor concerning the effects of federal, state
and local income tax law on an investment in our common stock
and on your individual tax situation.
Our failure to
qualify or maintain our qualification as a REIT would subject us
to U.S. federal income tax, which could adversely affect the
value of the shares of our common stock and would substantially
reduce the cash available for distribution to our
stockholders.
We believe that we will be organized in conformity with the
requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Code, and we
intend to operate in a manner that will enable us to meet the
requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT commencing
with our short taxable year ending December 31, 2011.
However, we cannot assure you that we will qualify and remain
qualified as a REIT. In connection with this offering, we will
receive an opinion from Hunton & Williams LLP that,
commencing with our short taxable year ending December 31,
2011, we will be organized in conformity with the requirements
for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the
U.S. federal income tax laws and our intended method of
operations will enable us to satisfy the requirements for
qualification and taxation as a REIT under the U.S. federal
income tax laws for our short taxable year ending
December 31, 2011 and subsequent taxable years. Investors
should be aware that Hunton & Williams LLPs
opinion is based upon customary assumptions, will be conditioned
upon certain representations made by us as to factual matters,
including representations regarding the nature of our assets and
the conduct of our business, is not binding upon the Internal
Revenue Service, or the IRS, or any court and speaks as of the
date issued. In addition, Hunton & Williams LLPs
opinion will be based on existing U.S. federal income tax
law governing qualification as a REIT, which is subject to
change either prospectively or retroactively. Moreover, our
qualification and taxation as a REIT will depend upon our
ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual annual
operating results, certain qualification tests set forth in the
U.S. federal tax laws. Hunton & Williams LLP will
not review our compliance with those tests on a continuing
basis. Accordingly, given the complex nature of the rules
governing REITs, the ongoing importance of factual
determinations, including the potential tax treatment of
investments we make, and the possibility of future changes in
our circumstances, no assurance can be given that our actual
results of operations for any particular taxable year will
satisfy such requirements.
48
If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any calendar year, we would
be required to pay U.S. federal income tax (and any
applicable state and local tax), including any applicable
alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular
corporate rates, and dividends paid to our stockholders would
not be deductible by us in computing our taxable income
(although such dividends received by certain non-corporate
U.S. taxpayers generally would be subject to a preferential
rate of taxation through December 31, 2012). Further, if we
fail to qualify as a REIT, we might need to borrow money or sell
assets in order to pay any resulting tax. Our payment of income
tax would decrease the amount of our income available for
distribution to our stockholders. Furthermore, if we fail to
maintain our qualification as a REIT, we no longer would be
required under U.S. federal tax laws to distribute
substantially all of our REIT taxable income to our
stockholders. Unless our failure to qualify as a REIT was
subject to relief under U.S. federal tax laws, we could not
re-elect to qualify as a REIT until the fifth calendar year
following the year in which we failed to qualify.
Complying with
REIT requirements may cause us to forego or liquidate otherwise
attractive investments.
To qualify as a REIT, we must continually satisfy various tests
regarding the sources of our income, the nature and
diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our
stockholders and the ownership of our stock. In order to meet
these tests, we may be required to forego investments we might
otherwise make. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may
hinder our investment performance.
In particular, we must ensure that at the end of each calendar
quarter, at least 75% of the value of our total assets consists
of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified REIT
real estate assets, including Agency RMBS. The remainder of our
investment in securities (other than government securities and
qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than
10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or
more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities
of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of
the value of our total assets (other than government securities,
TRS securities, and qualified real estate assets) can consist of
the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 25% of the
value of our total assets can be represented by securities of
one or more TRSs. Generally, if we fail to comply with these
requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct
the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar
quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to
avoid losing our REIT qualification and becoming subject to
U.S. federal income tax (and any applicable state and local
taxes) on all of our income. As a result, we may be required to
liquidate from our portfolio otherwise attractive investments or
contribute such investments to a TRS. These actions could have
the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for
distribution to our stockholders.
Failure to
make required distributions would subject us to tax, which would
reduce the cash available for distribution to our
stockholders.
To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders
each calendar year at least 90% of our REIT taxable income
(including certain items of non-cash income), determined without
regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net
capital gain. To the extent that we satisfy the 90% distribution
requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our taxable
income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on
our undistributed income. In addition, we will incur a 4%
nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which our
distributions in any calendar year are less than the sum of:
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85% of our REIT ordinary income for that year;
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95% of our REIT capital gain net income for that year; and
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any undistributed taxable income from prior years.
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We intend to distribute our REIT taxable income to our
stockholders in a manner intended to satisfy the 90%
distribution requirement and to avoid both corporate income tax
and the 4%
49
nondeductible excise tax. However, there is no requirement that
TRSs distribute their after-tax net income to their parent REIT
or their stockholders.
Our taxable income may substantially exceed our net income as
determined based on GAAP, because, for example, realized capital
losses will be deducted in determining our GAAP net income, but
may not be deductible in computing our taxable income. In
addition, we may invest in assets that generate taxable income
in excess of economic income or in advance of the corresponding
cash flow from the assets. As a result of the foregoing, we may
generate less cash flow than taxable income in a particular
year. To the extent that we generate such non-cash taxable
income in a taxable year, we may incur corporate income tax and
the 4% nondeductible excise tax on that income if we do not
distribute such income to stockholders in that year. In that
event, we may be required to use cash reserves, incur debt, sell
assets, make taxable distributions of our stock or debt
securities or liquidate non-cash assets at rates or at times
that we regard as unfavorable to satisfy the distribution
requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4%
nondeductible excise tax in that year.
Even if we
qualify as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce
our cash flows.
Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to
certain federal, state and local taxes on our income and assets,
including taxes on any undistributed income, tax on income from
some activities conducted as a result of a foreclosure, and
state or local income, property and transfer taxes. In addition,
any TRSs we form will be subject to regular corporate federal,
state and local taxes. Any of these taxes would decrease cash
available for distributions to stockholders.
The failure of
Agency RMBS subject to a repurchase agreement to qualify as real
estate assets would adversely affect our ability to qualify as a
REIT.
We have entered and intend to continue to enter into repurchase
agreements under which we will nominally sell certain of our
Agency RMBS to a counterparty and simultaneously enter into an
agreement to repurchase the sold assets. We believe that for
U.S. federal income tax purposes these transactions will be
treated as secured debt and we will be treated as the owner of
the Agency RMBS that are the subject of any such agreement
notwithstanding that such agreement may transfer record
ownership of such assets to the counterparty during the term of
the agreement. It is possible, however, that the IRS could
successfully assert that we do not own the Agency RMBS during
the term of the repurchase agreement, in which case we could
fail to qualify as a REIT.
Our ability to
invest in and dispose of contracts for delayed delivery
transactions, or delayed delivery contracts, including to
be announced securities, could be limited by the
requirements necessary to qualify as a REIT, and we could fail
to qualify as a REIT as a result of these
investments.
We may purchase Agency RMBS through delayed delivery contracts,
including to-be-announced forward contracts, or
TBAs. We may recognize income or gains on the disposition of
delayed delivery contracts. For example, rather than take
delivery of the Agency RMBS subject to a TBA, we may dispose of
the TBA through a roll transaction in which we agree
to purchase similar securities in the future at a predetermined
price or otherwise, which may result in the recognition of
income or gains. The law is unclear regarding whether delayed
delivery contracts will be qualifying assets for the 75% asset
test and whether income and gains from dispositions of delayed
delivery contracts will be qualifying income for the 75% gross
income test.
Until we receive a favorable private letter ruling from the IRS
or we are advised by counsel that delayed delivery contracts
should be treated as qualifying assets for purposes of the 75%
asset test, we will limit our investment in delayed delivery
contracts and any non-qualifying assets to no more than 25% of
our total gross assets at the end of any calendar quarter and
will limit the delayed delivery contracts issued by any one
issuer to no more than 5% of our total gross assets at the end
of any calendar quarter. Further, until we receive a favorable
private letter ruling from the IRS or we are advised by counsel
that income and gains from the disposition of delayed delivery
contracts should be treated as qualifying income for purposes of
the 75% gross income test, we will limit our income and
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gains from dispositions of delayed delivery contracts and any
non-qualifying income to no more than 25% of our gross income
for each calendar year. Accordingly, our ability to purchase
Agency RMBS through delayed delivery contracts and to dispose of
delayed delivery contracts through roll transactions or
otherwise, could be limited.
Moreover, even if we are advised by counsel that delayed
delivery contracts should be treated as qualifying assets or
that income and gains from dispositions of delayed delivery
contracts should be treated as qualifying income, it is possible
that the IRS could successfully take the position that such
assets are not qualifying assets and such income is not
qualifying income. In that event, we could be subject to a
penalty tax or we could fail to qualify as a REIT if
(i) the value of our delayed delivery contracts together
with our non-qualifying assets for the 75% asset test, exceeded
25% of our total gross assets at the end of any calendar
quarter, (ii) the value of our delayed delivery contracts,
including TBAs, issued by any one issuer exceeds 5% of our total
assets at the end of any calendar quarter, or (iii) our
income and gains from the disposition of delayed delivery
contracts together with our non-qualifying income for the 75%
gross income test, exceeded 25% of our gross income for any
taxable year.
Complying with
REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge
effectively.
The REIT provisions of the Code substantially limit our ability
to hedge. Our aggregate gross income from non-qualifying hedges,
fees, and certain other non-qualifying sources cannot exceed 5%
of our annual gross income. As a result, we might have to limit
our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those
hedges through a TRS. Any hedging income earned by a TRS would
be subject to federal, state and local income tax at regular
corporate rates. This could increase the cost of our hedging
activities or expose us to greater risks associated with changes
in interest rates than we would otherwise want to bear.
Our ownership
of and relationship with any TRSs that we form will be limited
and a failure to comply with the limits would jeopardize our
REIT status and may result in the application of a 100% excise
tax.
A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. A
TRS may earn income that would not be qualifying income if
earned directly by the parent REIT. Both the subsidiary and the
REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A
corporation (other than a REIT) of which a TRS directly or
indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of
the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. Overall, no
more than 25% of the value of a REITs total assets may
consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs. A domestic
TRS will pay federal, state and local income tax at regular
corporate rates on any income that it earns. In addition, the
TRS rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by
a TRS to its parent REIT to assure that the TRS is subject to an
appropriate level of corporate taxation. The rules also impose a
100% excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and its
parent REIT that are not conducted on an arms length
basis. Any domestic TRS that we may form will pay federal, state
and local income tax on its taxable income, and its after-tax
net income will be available for distribution to us but is not
required to be distributed to us unless necessary to maintain
our REIT qualification.
Dividends
payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates
available for some dividends.
The maximum tax rate applicable to income from qualified
dividends payable to domestic stockholders taxed at
individual rates has been reduced by legislation to 15% through
the end of 2012. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally
are not eligible for the reduced rates. Although this
legislation does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or
dividends payable by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable
to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors
who are taxed at individual rates to perceive investments in
REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the
stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends treated as
qualified dividend income, which could adversely affect the
value of the stock of REITs, including our common stock.
51
We may pay
taxable dividends in cash and our common stock, in which case
stockholders may sell shares of our common stock to pay tax on
such dividends, placing downward pressure on the market price of
our common stock.
We may distribute taxable dividends that are payable in cash and
common stock at the election of each stockholder. Under IRS
Revenue Procedure
2010-12, up
to 90% of any such taxable dividend paid with respect to our
2011 taxable year could be payable in shares of our common
stock. Taxable stockholders receiving such dividends will be
required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary
income to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and
profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. As a result, stockholders may be required to pay
income tax with respect to such dividends in excess of the cash
dividends received. If a U.S. stockholder sells the common
stock that it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax,
the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in
income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market
price of our common stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore,
with respect to certain
non-U.S. stockholders,
the applicable withholding agent may be required to withhold
U.S. federal income tax with respect to such dividends,
including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that
is payable in common stock. If we utilize Revenue Procedure
2010-12 and
a significant number of our stockholders determine to sell
shares of our common stock in order to pay taxes owed on
dividends, it may put downward pressure on the trading price of
our common stock. Further, although Revenue Procedure
2010-12
applies only to taxable dividends payable in cash and stock with
respect to our 2011 taxable year, it is unclear whether and to
what extent we will be able to pay taxable dividends payable in
cash and our stock in later years. Moreover, various tax aspects
of taxable cash/stock dividends are uncertain and have not yet
been addressed by the IRS. No assurance can be given that the
IRS will not impose additional requirements in the future with
respect to taxable cash/stock dividends, including on a
retroactive basis, or assert that the requirements for such
taxable cash/stock dividends have not been met. We currently do
not intend to pay taxable dividends payable in cash and our
stock.
Our ownership
limitations may restrict change of control or business
combination opportunities in which our stockholders might
receive a premium for their stock.
In order for us to qualify as a REIT for each taxable year after
2011, no more than 50% in value of our outstanding stock may be
owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals
during the last half of any calendar year.
Individuals for this purpose include natural
persons, private foundations, some employee benefit plans and
trusts, and some charitable trusts. In order to assist us in
qualifying as a REIT, among other purposes, ownership of our
stock by any person is generally limited to 9.8% in value or
number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of any class or
series of our stock, except that Bimini may own up to 44% of our
common stock so long as Bimini continues to qualify as a REIT.
These ownership limitations could have the effect of
discouraging a takeover or other transaction in which holders of
our common stock might receive a premium for their common stock
over the then-prevailing market price or which holders might
believe to be otherwise in their best interests.
We may be
subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that
could reduce the market price of our common stock.
At any time, the U.S. federal income tax laws or
regulations governing REITs or the administrative
interpretations of those laws or regulations may be amended. We
cannot predict when or if any new U.S. federal income tax
law, regulation or administrative interpretation, or any
amendment to any existing U.S. federal income tax law,
regulation or administrative interpretation, will be adopted,
promulgated or become effective and any such law, regulation or
interpretation may take effect retroactively. We and our
stockholders could be adversely affected by any such change in,
or any new, U.S. federal income tax law, regulation or
administrative interpretation.
52
Certain
financing activities may subject us to U.S. federal income tax
and could have negative tax consequences for our
stockholders.
We currently do not intend to enter into any transactions that
could result in our, or a portion of our assets, being treated
as a taxable mortgage pool for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. If we enter into such a transaction in the future, we
will be taxable at the highest corporate income tax rate on a
portion of the income arising from a taxable mortgage pool,
referred to as excess inclusion income, that is
allocable to the percentage of our stock held in record name by
disqualified organizations (generally tax-exempt entities that
are exempt from the tax on unrelated business taxable income,
such as state pension plans, charitable remainder trusts and
government entities). In that case, under our charter, we will
reduce distributions to such stockholders by the amount of tax
paid by us that is attributable to such stockholders
ownership.
If we were to realize excess inclusion income, IRS guidance
indicates that the excess inclusion income would be allocated
among our stockholders in proportion to our dividends paid.
Excess inclusion income cannot be offset by losses of our
stockholders. If the stockholder is a tax-exempt entity and not
a disqualified organization, then this income would be fully
taxable as unrelated business taxable income under
Section 512 of the Code. If the stockholder is a foreign
person, it would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at
the maximum tax rate and withholding will be required on this
income without reduction or exemption pursuant to any otherwise
applicable income tax treaty.
Our
recognition of phantom income may reduce a
stockholders after-tax return on an investment in our
common stock.
We may recognize taxable income in excess of our economic
income, known as phantom income, in the first years that we hold
certain investments, and experience an offsetting excess of
economic income over our taxable income in later years. As a
result, stockholders at times may be required to pay
U.S. federal income tax on distributions that economically
represent a return of capital rather than a dividend. These
distributions would be offset in later years by distributions
representing economic income that would be treated as returns of
capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Taking into
account the time value of money, this acceleration of
U.S. federal income tax liabilities may reduce a
stockholders after-tax return on his or her investment to
an amount less than the after-tax return on an investment with
an identical before-tax rate of return that did not generate
phantom income.
Liquidation of
our assets may jeopardize our REIT qualification.
To qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must
comply with requirements regarding our assets and our sources of
income. If we are compelled to liquidate our assets to repay
obligations to our lenders, we may be unable to comply with
these requirements, thereby jeopardizing our qualification as a
REIT, or we may be subject to a 100% tax on any resultant gain
if we sell assets that are treated as inventory or property held
primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of
business.
Our
qualification as a REIT and exemption from U.S. federal income
tax with respect to certain assets may be dependent on the
accuracy of legal opinions or advice rendered or given or
statements by the issuers of assets that we acquire, and the
inaccuracy of any such opinions, advice or statements may
adversely affect our REIT qualification and result in
significant corporate-level tax.
When purchasing securities, we may rely on opinions or advice of
counsel for the issuer of such securities, or statements made in
related offering documents, for purposes of determining whether
such securities represent debt or equity securities for
U.S. federal income tax purposes, the value of such
securities, and also to what extent those securities constitute
qualified real estate assets for purposes of the REIT asset
tests and produce income which qualifies under the 75% gross
income test. The inaccuracy of any such opinions, advice or
statements may adversely affect our REIT qualification and
result in significant corporate-level tax.
53
USE OF
PROCEEDS
We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering and the
concurrent private placement will be approximately
$81.7 million (or approximately $93.6 million if the
underwriters fully exercise their option to purchase additional
shares), after deducting the portion of the underwriting
discount and commissions payable by us of approximately
$2.5 million (or approximately $2.9 million if the
underwriters fully exercise their option to purchase additional
shares) and estimated offering expenses of approximately
$825,000 payable by us. A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the
assumed public offering price of $11.00 per share would
increase (decrease) the net proceeds that we will receive from
this offering and the concurrent private placement by
$7.2 million, assuming the number of shares offered by us,
as set forth on the front cover of this prospectus, remains the
same and after deducting the portion of the underwriting
discount and commissions payable by us and estimated offering
expenses payable by us.
Our obligation to pay for the expenses of this offering will be
capped at 1.0% of the total gross proceeds from this offering.
Our Manager will (i) pay the underwriters
$ per share with respect to
each share of common stock sold in this offering on a deferred
basis after the completion of this offering and (ii) pay
the offering expenses that exceed an amount equal to 1.0% of the
total gross proceeds from this offering.
We intend to invest the net proceeds of this offering and the
concurrent private placement in (i) pass-through Agency
RMBS backed by hybrid ARMs, ARMs and fixed-rate mortgage loans
and (ii) structured Agency RMBS. Specifically, we intend to
invest the net proceeds of this offering as follows:
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approximately 0% to 50% in pass-through Agency RMBS backed by
fixed-rate mortgage loans;
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approximately 0% to 50% in pass-through Agency RMBS backed by
ARMs;
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approximately 0% to 50% in pass-through Agency RMBS backed by
hybrid ARMs; and
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approximately 25% to 75% in structured Agency RMBS.
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We expect to fully invest the net proceeds of this offering and
the concurrent private placement in Agency RMBS within
approximately three months of closing the offering and, for our
pass-through Agency RMBS portfolio and a certain portion of our
structured Agency RMBS portfolio, to implement our leveraging
strategy within approximately three additional months. We then
expect to borrow against the pass-through Agency RMBS and a
portion of our structured Agency RMBS that we purchase with the
net proceeds of this offering through repurchase agreements and
use the proceeds of the borrowings to acquire additional
pass-through Agency RMBS and structured Agency RMBS in
accordance with a similar targeted allocation. We reserve the
right to change our targeted allocation depending on prevailing
market conditions, including, among others, the pricing and
supply of Agency RMBS and structured Agency RMBS, the
performance of our portfolio and the availability and terms of
financing.
Until these assets can be identified and obtained, we may
temporarily invest the balance of the proceeds of this offering
in interest-bearing short-term investment grade securities or
money market accounts consistent with our intention to qualify
and maintain our qualification as a REIT, or we may hold cash.
These investments are expected to provide a lower net return
than we hope to achieve from our intended investments.
54
DISTRIBUTION
POLICY
We intend to make regular quarterly cash distributions to our
stockholders, as more fully described below. To qualify as a
REIT, we must distribute annually to our stockholders an amount
at least equal to 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined
without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding
any net capital gain. We will be subject to income tax on our
taxable income that is not distributed and to an excise tax to
the extent that certain percentages of our taxable income are
not distributed by specified dates. See Material
U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations. Income as
computed for purposes of the foregoing tax rules will not
necessarily correspond to our income as determined for financial
reporting purposes.
Any distributions we make will be authorized by and at the
discretion of our Board of Directors based upon a variety of
factors deemed relevant by our directors, which may include:
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actual results of operations;
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our financial condition;
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our level of retained cash flows;
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our capital requirements;
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the timing of the investment of the net proceeds of this
offering and the concurrent private placement;
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any debt service requirements;
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our taxable income;
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the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions
of the Code;
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applicable provisions of Maryland law; and
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other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant.
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We have not established a minimum distribution payment level,
and we cannot assure you of our ability to make distributions to
our stockholders in the future.
Our charter will authorize us to issue preferred stock that
could have a preference over our common stock with respect to
distributions. We currently have no intention to issue any
preferred stock, but if we do, the distribution preference on
the preferred stock could limit our ability to make
distributions to the holders of our common stock.
Our ability to make distributions to our stockholders will
depend upon the performance of our investment portfolio, and, in
turn, upon our Managers management of our business. To the
extent that our cash available for distribution is less than the
amount required to be distributed under the REIT provisions of
the Code, we may consider various funding sources to cover any
shortfall, including selling certain of our assets, borrowing
funds or using a portion of the net proceeds we receive in this
offering and the concurrent private placement or future
offerings (and thus all or a portion of such distributions may
constitute a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax
purposes). We also may elect to pay all or a portion of any
distribution in the form of a taxable distribution of our stock
or debt securities. We do not currently intend to pay future
distributions from the proceeds of this offering. In addition,
our Board of Directors may change our distribution policy in the
future. See Risk Factors.
55
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of
March 31, 2011:
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On an as adjusted basis to give effect to (i) the sale of
7,500,000 shares of our common stock in this offering,
assuming a public offering price of $11.00 per share, which is
the mid-point of the price range set forth on the cover of this
prospectus, and after deducting the portion of the
underwriters discount payable by us and estimated offering
expenses payable by us, (ii) the issuance of
1,063,830 shares of our common stock sold to Bimini for
$15.0 million in cash (after giving effect to $7.5 million
investment to be made prior to completion of this offering and
the stock dividend of 7.0922 shares for each share of
common stock that we will effect prior to the completion of this
offering, or the Stock Dividend), (iii) the sale of
warrants to purchase 4,500,000 shares of our common stock in the
concurrent private placement for an aggregate purchase price of
$2,475,000 and (iv) the Stock Dividend.
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You should read this table together with Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of
Operations and our financial statements and related notes
included elsewhere in this prospectus.
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March 31, 2011
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Actual
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As
Adjusted(1)(2)
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STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY:
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Common stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares
authorized; 75,000 shares subscribed, actual; 500,000,000
shares authorized, as adjusted; 8,563,830 shares issued and
outstanding, as adjusted
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$
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750
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$
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85,638
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Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; no shares authorized; no
shares outstanding, actual; 100,000,000 shares authorized and no
shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted
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Additional paid-in capital
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7,499,250
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96,589,362
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(Accumulated deficit) Retained earnings
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(14,082
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)
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(14,082
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)
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TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
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$
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7,485,918
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$
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96,660,918
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(1) |
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The number of shares of common
stock to be outstanding immediately after the closing of this
offering and the concurrent private placement includes
(i) 1,063,830 shares of our common stock that will be
held by Bimini upon completion of this offering, and
(ii) 7,500,000 shares of common stock to be sold in
this offering. Does not include 4,000,000 shares of common
stock reserved for issuance under our 2011 Equity Incentive Plan.
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(2) |
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Does not include the
underwriters option to purchase up to an additional
1,125,000 shares of common stock. Also does not include
4,500,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of
the warrants issued to Bimini in the concurrent private
placement, however, as adjusted additional paid-in capital does
include the $2,475,000 aggregate purchase price of such
warrants. Each warrant will have an exercise price of 110% of
the price per share of the common stock sold in this offering,
will be immediately exercisable and will expire seven years from
the completion of the offering.
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56
DILUTION
Our net tangible book value as of March 31, 2011 was
approximately $7.5 million, or $99.81 per share of our
common stock subscribed. Net tangible book value per share
represents the amount of our total tangible assets minus our
total liabilities, divided by the aggregate shares of our common
stock outstanding (or subscribed for). After giving effect to
(i) the sale of 7,500,000 shares of our common stock
in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of
$11.00 per share, which is the mid-point of the range set
forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting
the portion of the underwriting discounts and commissions
payable by us and estimated offering expenses payable by us and
(ii) the sale of warrants to purchase 4,500,000 shares
of our common stock in the concurrent private placement for an
aggregate purchase price of $2,475,000, our as adjusted net
tangible book value on March 31, 2011 would have been
approximately $96.7 million, or $11.29 per share. This
amount represents an immediate increase in net tangible book
value of $0.29 per share to new investors who purchase our
common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public
offering price of $11.00. The following table shows this
immediate per share dilution:
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Public offering price per share
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$
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11.00
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Net tangible book value per share subscribed for on
March 31, 2011, before giving effect to this offering and
the concurrent private placement
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$
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99.81
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As adjusted net tangible book value per share of common stock on
March 31, 2011, after giving effect to the additional
investment of $7.5 million in cash and the Stock Dividend
(1,063,830 shares outstanding, as adjusted)
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$
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14.09
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Decrease in net tangible book value per share attributable to
this offering and the concurrent private placement
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(2.80
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)
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As adjusted net tangible book value per share on March 31,
2011, after giving effect to this offering and the concurrent
private placement
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$
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11.29
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Accretion in as adjusted net tangible book value per share to
new investors
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$
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0.29
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The following table summarizes, on the as adjusted basis
described above as of March 31, 2011, the differences
between the average price per share paid by our existing
stockholder and by new investors purchasing shares of common
stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering
price of $11.00 per share, which is the mid-point of the
range set forth on the front cover of this prospectus, before
deducting the portion of the underwriting discounts and
commissions payable by us and estimated offering expenses
payable by us in this offering:
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Shares
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Purchased(1)
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Total Consideration
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Average Price
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Number
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%
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Amount
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%
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Per
Share(2)
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Shares purchased by existing stockholder
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1,063,830
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12.42
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%
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$
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15,000,000
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15.38
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%
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$
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14.10
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New
investors(3)
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7,500,000
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87.58
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82,500,000
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84.62
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11.00
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Total(3)
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8,563,830
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100.00
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%
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$
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97,500,000
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100.00
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%
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(1) |
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Assumes no exercise of the
underwriters option to purchase an additional
1,125,000 shares of our common stock.
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(2) |
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The average price per share for
shares purchased by the existing stockholder gives effect to the
issuance of 913,830 shares of our common stock to Bimini
pursuant to the Stock Dividend on that will occur immediately
prior to the completion of this offering. The actual average
price per share for shares purchased by Bimini was $100.00.
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(3) |
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A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the
assumed initial public offering price of $11.00 per share, which
is the mid-point of the range set forth on the cover page of
this prospectus, would increase (decrease) total consideration
paid by new investors and total consideration paid by all
investors by $7.5 million, assuming the number of shares of
common stock offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of
this prospectus, remains the same and the underwriters do not
exercise their over-allotment option to purchase an additional
1,125,000 shares of our common stock, and after deducting
estimated offering expenses payable by us.
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If the underwriters fully exercise their option to purchase an
additional 1,125,000 shares of our common stock, the number
of shares of common stock held by the existing stockholder will
be reduced to 10.98% of the aggregate number of shares of common
stock outstanding after this offering, and the number of shares
of common stock held by new investors will be increased to
8,625,000, or 89.02% of the aggregate number of shares of common
stock outstanding after this offering.
57
SELECTED
FINANCIAL DATA
The following table presents selected financial data as of
March 31, 2011, for the three months ended March 31,
2011 and for the period beginning on November 24, 2010
(date operations commenced) to December 31, 2010. The
statement of operations data for the period beginning on
November 24, 2010 (date operations commenced) to
December 31, 2010 has been derived from our audited
financial statements. The statement of operations and balance
sheet data as of March 31, 2011 and for the three months
ended March 31, 2011 has been derived from our interim
unaudited financial statements. These interim unaudited
financial statements have been prepared on substantially the
same basis as our audited financial statements and reflect all
adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary
to provide a fair statement of our financial position as of
March 31, 2011 and the results of operations for the three
months ended March 31, 2011. All such adjustments are of a
normal recurring nature. These results are not necessarily
indicative of our results for the full fiscal year.
Because the information presented below is only a summary and
does not provide all of the information contained in our
historical financial statements, including the related notes,
you should read it in conjunction with the more detailed
information contained in our financial statements and related
notes and Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations included
elsewhere in this prospectus.
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Period from
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November 24, 2010
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Three Months
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(Date Operations
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Ended
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Commenced) to
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March 31,
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December 31,
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2011
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2010
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(unaudited)
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Statement of Operations Data:
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Revenues:
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Interest income
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$
|
307,764
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$
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69,340
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Interest expense
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(18,942
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)
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|
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(5,186
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)
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Net interest income
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288,822
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64,154
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Losses on trading
securities(1)
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(168,532
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)
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(55,307
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)
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Gains on futures contracts
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10,875
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Net portfolio income
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131,165
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8,847
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Total expenses
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115,093
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39,001
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Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
16,072
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$
|
(30,154
|
)
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|
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Basic and diluted income (loss) per share of common
stock(2)
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$
|
0.21
|
|
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$
|
(0.68
|
)
|
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|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
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As of
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March 31, 2011
|
|
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(unaudited)
|
|
Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
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Total mortgage-backed securities
|
|
$
|
28,903,656
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
30,101,395
|
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
|
22,530,842
|
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Total liabilities
|
|
|
22,615,477
|
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Total stockholders equity
|
|
|
7,485,918
|
|
Book value per share of our common
stock(2)
|
|
$
|
99.81
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
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Because all of our Agency RMBS have
been classified as held for trading securities, all
changes in the fair values of our Agency RMBS are reflected in
our statement of operations, as opposed to a component of other
comprehensive income in our
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58
|
|
|
|
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statement of stockholders
equity if they were instead classified as available for
sale securities. See Managements Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations Critical Accounting Policies
Mortgage-Backed Securities.
|
|
(2) |
|
On March 31, 2011 and
December 31, 2010, no shares of common stock were
outstanding; however, on March 31, 2011 and December 31,
2010, 75,000 shares and 44,050 shares of our common stock
had been subscribed for by Bimini, respectively. On
April 29, 2011, we issued 75,000 shares of our common
stock to Bimini, which consisted of the 44,050 shares
subscribed for as of December 31, 2010, 17,950 shares
subscribed for on March 28, 2011 and 13,000 shares
subscribed for on March 31, 2011.
|
Core
Earnings
We classify our Agency RMBS as held for trading. We
do not intend to elect GAAP hedge accounting for any derivative
financial instruments that we may utilize. Securities held for
trading and hedging instruments, for which hedge accounting has
not been elected, are recorded at estimated fair value, with
changes in the fair value recorded as unrealized gains or losses
through the statement of operations. Many other publicly-traded
REITs that invest in Agency RMBS classify their Agency RMBS as
available for sale. Unrealized gains and losses in
the fair value of securities classified as available for sale
are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income in the
statement of stockholders equity. As a result, investors
may not be able to readily compare our results of operations to
those of many of our competitors. We believe that the
presentation of our Core Earnings is useful to investors because
it provides a means of comparing our results of operations to
those of our competitors. Core Earnings represents a non-GAAP
financial measure and is defined as net income (loss) excluding
unrealized gains (losses) on trading securities and hedging
instruments and net interest income (expense) on hedging
instruments. Management utilizes Core Earnings because it allows
management to: (i) isolate the net interest income plus
other expenses of the Company over time, free of all
mark-to-market
adjustments and net payments associated with our hedging
instruments and (ii) assess the effectiveness of our
funding and hedging strategies, our capital allocation decisions
and our asset allocation performance. Our funding and hedging
strategies, capital allocation and asset selection are integral
to our risk management strategy, and therefore critical to our
Managers management of our portfolio.
Our presentation of Core Earnings may not be comparable to
similarly-titled measures of other companies, who may use
different calculations. As a result, Core Earnings should not be
considered as a substitute for our GAAP net income (loss) as a
measure of our financial performance or any measure of our
liquidity under GAAP.
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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For the Period
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|
|
|
Three Months
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|
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from November 24, 2010
|
|
|
|
Ended
|
|
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(Date Operations
|
|
|
|
March 31,
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|
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Commenced) through
|
|
|
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2011
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|
|
December 31, 2010
|
|
|
Non-GAAP Reconciliation (unaudited):
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Net income (loss)
|
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$
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16,072
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|
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$
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(30,154
|
)
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Unrealized (gains) losses on trading securities
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|
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168,532
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|
|
|
55,307
|
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Unrealized (gains) losses on hedging instruments
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|
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(10,875
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)
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|
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|
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Net interest (income) expense on hedging instruments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core Earnings
|
|
$
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173,729
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|
|
$
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25,153
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|
|
|
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59
MANAGEMENTS
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion in conjunction with
the sections of this prospectus entitled Risk
Factors, Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking
Statements, Business and our financial
statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in
this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking
statements reflecting current expectations that involve risks
and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of events may
differ materially from those contained in these forward-looking
statements due to a number of factors, including those discussed
in the section entitled Risk Factors and elsewhere
in this prospectus.
Overview
Orchid Island Capital, Inc. is a specialty finance company that
invests in Agency RMBS. Our investment strategy focuses on, and
our portfolio consists of, two categories of Agency RMBS:
(i) traditional pass-through Agency RMBS and
(ii) structured Agency RMBS, such as CMOs, IOs, IIOs
and POs, among other types of structured Agency RMBS.
Our business objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted
total returns over the long term through a combination of
capital appreciation and the payment of regular quarterly
distributions. We intend to achieve this objective by investing
in and strategically allocating capital between the two
categories of Agency RMBS described above. We seek to generate
income from (i) the net interest margin on our leveraged
pass-through Agency RMBS portfolio and the leveraged portion of
our structured Agency RMBS portfolio, and (ii) the interest
income we generate from the unleveraged portion of our
structured Agency RMBS portfolio. We intend to fund our
pass-through Agency RMBS and certain of our structured Agency
RMBS, such as fixed and floating rate tranches of CMOs and POs,
through short-term borrowings structured as repurchase
agreements. However, we do not intend to employ leverage on the
securities in our structured Agency RMBS portfolio that have no
principal balance, such as IOs and IIOs. We do not intend to use
leverage in these instances because the securities contain
structural leverage. Pass-through Agency RMBS and structured
Agency RMBS typically exhibit materially different sensitivities
to movements in interest rates. Declines in the value of one
portfolio may be offset by appreciation in the other. The
percentage of capital that we allocate to our two Agency RMBS
asset categories will vary and will be actively managed in an
effort to maintain the level of income generated by the combined
portfolios, the stability of that income stream and the
stability of the value of the combined portfolios. We believe
that this strategy will enhance our liquidity, earnings, book
value stability and asset selection opportunities in various
interest rate environments.
We were formed by Bimini in August 2010. We commenced operations
on November 24, 2010, and through March 31, 2011,
Bimini had contributed approximately $7.5 million in cash
to us. Bimini has agreed to contribute an additional $7.5
million in cash to us prior to the completion of this offering
pursuant to a subscription agreement to purchase additional
shares of our common stock. Bimini is currently our sole
stockholder. Bimini has managed our portfolio since inception by
utilizing the same investment strategy that we expect our
Manager and its experienced RMBS investment team to continue to
employ after completion of this offering. As of March 31,
2011, our Agency RMBS portfolio had a fair value of
approximately $28.9 million and was comprised of
approximately 83.5% pass-through Agency RMBS and 16.5%
structured Agency RMBS. Our net asset value as of March 31,
2011 was approximately $7.5 million.
We intend to qualify and will elect to be taxed as a REIT
commencing with our short taxable year ending December 31,
2011. We generally will not be subject to U.S. federal
income tax to the extent that we annually distribute all of our
REIT taxable income to our stockholders and qualify as a REIT.
60
Factors that
Affect our Results of Operations and Financial
Condition
A variety of industry and economic factors may impact our
results of operations and financial condition. These factors
include:
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interest rate trends;
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prepayment rates on mortgages underlying our Agency RMBS, and
credit trends insofar as they affect prepayment rates;
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the difference between Agency RMBS yields and our funding and
hedging costs;
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competition for investments in Agency RMBS;
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recent actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve and the
U.S. Treasury; and
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other market developments.
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In addition, a variety of factors relating to our business may
also impact our results of operations and financial condition.
These factors include:
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our degree of leverage;
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our access to funding and borrowing capacity;
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our borrowing costs;
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our hedging activities;
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the market value of our investments; and
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the requirements to qualify as a REIT and the requirements to
qualify for a registration exemption under the Investment
Company Act.
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We anticipate that, for any period during which changes in the
interest rates earned on our assets do not coincide with
interest rate changes on the corresponding liabilities, such
assets will reprice more slowly than the corresponding
liabilities. Consequently, changes in interest rates,
particularly short term interest rates, may significantly
influence our net income.
Our net income may be affected by a difference between actual
prepayment rates and our projections. Prepayments on loans and
securities may be influenced by changes in market interest rates
and homeowners ability and desire to refinance their
mortgages.
Outlook
Regulatory
Developments
In response to the credit market disruption and the
deteriorating financial conditions of Fannie Mae and Freddie
Mac, Congress and the U.S. Treasury undertook a series of
actions that culminated with putting Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
in conservatorship in September 2008. The FHFA now operates
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as conservator, in an effort to
stabilize the entities. The FHFA also noted that during the
conservatorship period, it would work to enact new regulations
for minimum capital standards, prudent safety and soundness
standards and portfolio limits of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
Although the U.S. Government has committed significant
resources to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, Agency RMBS guaranteed
by either Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac are not backed by the full
faith and credit of the United States. Moreover, the Secretary
of the U.S. Treasury noted that the guarantee structure of
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac required examination and that changes
in the structures of the entities were necessary to reduce risk
to the financial system. Such changes may involve an explicit
U.S. Government backing of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
Agency RMBS or the express elimination of any implied
U.S. Government guarantee and, therefore, the creation of
credit risk with respect to Fannie
61
Mae and Freddie Mac Agency RMBS. Additionally, on
February 11, 2011, the U.S. Treasury issued a White
Paper titled Reforming Americas Housing Finance
Market that lays out, among other things, proposals to
limit or potentially wind down the role that Fannie Mae and
Freddie Mac play in the mortgage market. Accordingly, the effect
of the actions taken and to be taken by the U.S. Treasury
and FHFA remains uncertain. The November 2, 2010 national
elections in the United States created further uncertainty
because of material changes to the composition of both houses of
Congress. Given the public reaction to the substantial funds
made available to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, future funding for
both is likely to face increased scrutiny. New and recently
enacted laws, regulations and programs related to Fannie Mae and
Freddie Mac may adversely affect the pricing, supply, liquidity
and value of Agency RMBS and otherwise materially harm our
business and operations. See Risk Factors
Risks Related to Our Business The federal
conservatorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and related
efforts, along with changes in laws and regulations affecting
the relationship between Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the
U.S. Government, may materially adversely affect our
business, financial condition and results of operations and our
ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
On July 21, 2010, President Obama signed into law the
Dodd-Frank Act. The Dodd-Frank Act provides for new regulations
on financial institutions and creates new supervisory and
advisory bodies, including the new Consumer Financial Protection
Bureau. The Dodd-Frank Act tasks many agencies with issuing a
variety of new regulations, including rules related to mortgage
origination and servicing, securitization and derivatives.
Because a significant number of regulations under the Dodd-Frank
Act have either not yet been proposed or not yet been adopted in
final form, it is not possible for us to predict how the
Dodd-Frank Act will impact our business. See Risk
Factors Risks Related to Our Business
The recent actions of the U.S. Government for the purpose
of stabilizing the financial markets may adversely affect our
business, financial condition and results of operations and our
ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
Agency
RMBS
Our Agency RMBS backed by hybrid ARMs pay a fixed interest rate
for a set period and then convert to a floating rate payment
structure. Our Agency RMBS backed by fixed-rate mortgage loans
pay a fixed rate for a term of either 15 or 30 years. The
market prices of Agency RMBS backed by fixed-rate mortgage loans
correlate more closely with movements in long-term interest
rates than Agency RMBS backed by ARMs or hybrid ARMs.
As 2010 drew to a close, the U.S. economy had not fully
recovered from the effects of the financial crisis. Unemployment
in the United States was 9.4% and gross domestic product growth
was still low. Moreover, inflation in the United States was at
or near the low end of the U.S. Federal Reserves
target range of 1% to 2%. On November 3, 2010, the
U.S. Federal Reserve instituted a second round of asset
purchases of up to $600 billion of U.S. Treasury
securities intended to further reduce long-term interest rates.
In addition, the U.S. Federal Reserve announced all
principal amortization of their $1.25 trillion Agency RMBS
portfolio purchased during 2009 and 2010 would be used to
purchase additional U.S. Treasury securities as well.
Partially as a result of the U.S. Federal Reserves
actions to stimulate the economy, long-term interest rates have
remained high relative to short-term interest rates, which has
resulted in the issuance of higher-yielding Agency RMBS.
Additionally, on March 21, 2011, the U.S. Treasury
announced that it will begin selling its portfolio of
approximately $142 billion of Agency RMBS at a rate of up
to $10 billion per month beginning in March 2011. These
sales will add additional supply to the Agency RMBS market,
which could lower prices on Agency RMBS and, therefore, increase
yields.
Assuming there is no change in inflation and inflation
expectations and the U.S. labor market recovery remains
tepid, we believe long-term interest rates will remain high
relative to short-term interest rates. However, recent signs of
strength in the U.S. economy and recent increases in energy
prices, to the extent such increases are not transitory, may
cause an increase in long-term interest rates which, in turn,
will decrease the value of certain Agency RMBS, possibly at an
accelerated rate.
62
Borrowing
Costs
We leverage our pass-through Agency RMBS portfolio and a portion
of our structured Agency RMBS with principal balances through
the use of short-term repurchase agreement transactions. The
interest rates on our debt most closely correlate with the
30-day LIBOR.
European inter-bank lending rates, specifically LIBOR, are
affected by the fiscal and budgetary problems of several
European countries. The European Union, International Monetary
Fund and member countries provide emergency funding mechanisms
to support those countries facing a crisis of investor
confidence and inability to raise new debt at acceptable levels
(such as Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain) and to head off
the expansion of the same to other nations. To the extent this
crisis persists or worsens, LIBOR may increase substantially and
thus increase our funding costs and depress our profitability
and potential dividends.
If the recent strength in the U.S. economy or inflation
pressures cause the U.S. Federal Reserve to raise the
Federal Funds Target Rate in the near future, LIBOR would almost
certainly increase, which would increase our borrowing costs.
Prepayment
Rates and Loan Modification Programs
Prepayment
Rates
Our portfolio is affected by movements in mortgage prepayment
rates in a number of ways. See Prospectus
Summary Risk Management Prepayment Risk
Management, for a discussion of how movements in
prepayment rates affect our portfolio.
Prepayment rates generally increase when interest rates fall and
decrease when interest rates rise; however, changes in
prepayment rates are difficult to accurately predict. Other
factors also affect prepayment rates, including homeowners
ability and desire to refinance their mortgages, conditions in
the housing and financial markets, conditions in the mortgage
origination industry, general economic conditions and the
relative interest rates on adjustable-rate and fixed-rate
mortgage loans.
According to Bloomberg, interest rates on
30-year
fixed-rate mortgages have increased from 4.17% to 4.80% from
November 11, 2010 to April 21, 2011, and interest
rates on
15-year
fixed-rate mortgages have increased from 3.57% to 4.02% during
the same period. Conditions in the U.S. residential housing
market have yet to materially improve. Sales of existing and new
homes remain materially below pre-crisis levels. Foreclosure
activity is, and is expected to remain, elevated because of
depressed home prices, high unemployment, record delinquency and
foreclosure rates, and delays in the initiation of foreclosure
proceedings over the last year stemming from legal issues raised
with many mortgage loan servicers. The supply of new and
existing homes for sale, plus the shadow inventory
of homes expected to be on the market as a result of future
foreclosures, is likely to keep home prices depressed for an
extended period. The trend in rising mortgage rates coupled with
depressed housing prices have led to a decrease in prepayment
rates among borrowers. Although prepayment rates have been
decreasing, certain recently-enacted government programs have
resulted in prepayments on Agency RMBS. For example, in early
March 2010, both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac announced they would
purchase from the pools of mortgage loans underlying their RMBS
all mortgage loans that are more than 120 days delinquent.
Due to the recent increase in mortgage interest rates and
currently depressed housing prices, we believe overall
prepayment rates will continue to remain low for the near future.
Loan Modification
Programs
During the second half of 2008, the U.S. Government,
through the FHA and the FDIC, implemented programs to help
homeowners avoid foreclosures. Such programs include extensions
to payment terms or reductions in mortgage principal balances or
interest rates. For example, the Hope
63
for Homeowners program has enabled certain distressed borrowers
to refinance their mortgages into FHA-insured loans.
In February 2009, the U.S. Treasury announced the HASP, a
multi-faceted plan to prevent residential mortgage foreclosures
which:
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allows certain homeowners, whose homes are encumbered by Fannie
Mae or Freddie Mac conforming mortgages, to refinance those
mortgages into lower interest rate mortgages with either Fannie
Mae or Freddie Mac;
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|
created the Homeowner Stability Initiative, which provides
incentives to banks and mortgage servicers to reduce monthly
mortgage principal and interest payments for certain qualified
homeowners; and
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allows judicial modifications of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
conforming residential mortgages loans during bankruptcy
proceedings.
|
The various mortgage loan modification programs have not had a
material impact on the level of foreclosures in the
U.S. housing market. It is unclear if the
U.S. Government will continue pursuing these programs due
to their limited success, controversial nature and in light of
the current political climate related to deficit spending.
However, the current conditions of the U.S. housing market
combined with the current high unemployment rate may persuade
the FHA and the FDIC to extend homeownership assistance programs
beyond their termination dates.
Effect on
Us
Regulatory developments, movements in interest rates and
prepayment rates as well as loan modification programs affect us
in many ways, including the following:
Regulatory
Developments
A change in or elimination of the guarantee structure of Agency
RMBS may increase our costs (if, for example, guarantee fees
increase) or require us to change our investment strategy
altogether. For example, the elimination of the guarantee
structure of Agency RMBS may cause us to change our investment
strategy to focus on non-Agency RMBS, which in turn would
require us to significantly increase our monitoring of the
credit risks of our investments in addition to interest rate and
prepayment risks.
Movements in
Interest Rates
With respect to our pass-through Agency RMBS portfolio, an
increase in long-term interest rates may cause prices on certain
Agency RMBS to decrease, which would decrease the fair value of
our pass-through Agency RMBS portfolio but also decrease the
price of pass-through Agency RMBS we may purchase in the future.
Because we base our investment decisions on risk management
principles rather than anticipated movements in interest rates,
in a volatile interest rate environment we intend to allocate
more capital to structured Agency RMBS with shorter durations,
such as short-term fixed and floating rate CMOs. We believe
these securities have a lower sensitivity to changes in
long-term interest rates than other asset classes. We may also
mitigate our exposure to changes in long-term interest rates by
investing in IOs and IIOs, which typically have different
sensitivities to changes in long-term interest rates than
pass-through Agency RMBS, particularly pass-through Agency RMBS
backed by fixed-rate mortgages.
An increase in LIBOR (which could result from an increase in the
U.S. Federal Funds Target Rate) would increase our
borrowing costs, which could lower our net interest margin.
Because we finance our pass-through Agency RMBS portfolio and a
portion of our structured Agency RMBS portfolio with
LIBOR-based, short-term borrowings, an increase in LIBOR would
quickly be reflected in our borrowing costs unless we have
properly hedged the leveraged portion of our Agency RMBS
64
portfolio. Additionally, an increase in LIBOR would reduce the
coupon payments and possibly the market value of IIOs.
Movements in
Prepayment Rates and Loan Modification Programs
We believe that our pass-through Agency RMBS portfolio will
benefit from the current and expected lower prepayment rates. An
increase in prepayment rates would cause us to receive the
principal balances of our pass-through Agency RMBS faster than
expected. If such an increase in prepayment rates were to be
caused by lower levels of prevailing interest rates, we would
most likely have to reinvest the principal received in
lower-yielding investments. We believe our IOs and IIOs will
also benefit from lower prepayment rates. Because the value of
IOs and IIOs are contingent on the existence of a principal
balance on the underlying mortgages, a decrease in prepayment
rates will extend the effective term of these securities.
Despite the current level of prepayment rates, our portfolio may
experience increased prepayment rates due to the Fannie Mae and
Freddie Mac repurchase programs described above.
We do not believe our investment portfolio will be materially
affected by loan modification programs because Agency RMBS
backed by loans that would qualify for such programs (i.e.
seriously delinquent loans) will be purchased by Fannie Mae and
Freddie Mac at their par value prior to the implementation of
such programs. However, if Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were to
modify or end their repurchase programs or if the
U.S. Government modified its loan modification programs to
modify non-delinquent mortgage loans, our investment portfolio
could be materially negatively impacted.
Critical
Accounting Policies
Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP.
GAAP requires our management to make some complex and subjective
decisions and assessments. Our most critical accounting policies
involve decisions and assessments which could significantly
affect reported assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.
Management has identified its most critical accounting policies:
Mortgage-Backed
Securities
Our investments in Agency RMBS are classified as held for
trading. We acquire our Agency RMBS for the purpose of
generating long-term returns, and not for the short-term
investment of idle capital. Under FASB ASC Topic 320,
Investments Debt and Equity Securities, we
have the option to classify our Agency RMBS as either trading
securities or available-for-sale securities. Changes in the fair
value of securities held for trading are reflected as part of
our net income or loss in our statement of operations, as
opposed to a component of other comprehensive income in our
statement of stockholders equity if they were instead
reclassified as
available-for-sale
securities. We elected to classify our Agency RMBS as trading
securities in order to reflect changes in the fair value of our
Agency RMBS in our statement of operations, which we believe
more appropriately reflects the results of our operations for a
particular reporting period. We have a three-level valuation
hierarchy for determining the fair value of our Agency RMBS.
These levels include:
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Level 1 valuations, where the valuation is based on quoted
market prices for identical assets or liabilities traded in
active markets (which include exchanges and
over-the-counter
markets with sufficient volume),
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Level 2 valuations, where the valuation is based on quoted
market prices for similar instruments traded in active markets,
quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets
that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for
which all significant assumptions are observable in the
market, and
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Level 3 valuations, where the valuation is generated from
model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not
observable in the market, but observable based on Company-
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65
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|
specific data. These unobservable assumptions reflect the
Companys own estimates for assumptions that market
participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
Valuation techniques typically include option pricing models,
discounted cash flow models and similar techniques, but may also
include the use of market prices of assets or liabilities that
are not directly comparable to the subject asset or liability.
|
Our Agency RMBS are valued using Level 2 valuations, and
such valuations currently are determined by Bimini based on the
average of third-party broker quotes
and/or by
independent pricing sources when available. Because the price
estimates may vary, Bimini must make certain judgments and
assumptions about the appropriate price to use to calculate the
fair values. Alternatively, Bimini could opt to have the value
of all of our positions in Agency RMBS determined by either an
independent third-party or do so internally.
In managing our portfolio, Bimini employs the following
four-step process at each valuation date to determine the fair
value of our Agency RMBS:
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First, Bimini obtains fair values from a subscription-based
independent pricing source through AVM, LLP, our repurchase
agreement funding services provider. These prices are used by
both Bimini as well as our repurchase agreement counterparty on
a daily basis to establish margin requirements for our
borrowings. As of June 30, 2011, Bimini subscribed to a
second subscription-based pricing service through Bank of
America, which receives market values directly from Bank of
Americas trading desk.
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Second, Bimini requests non-binding quotes from one to four
broker-dealers for each of its Agency RMBS in order to validate
the values obtained by the pricing service. Bimini requests
these quotes from broker-dealers that actively trade and make
markets in the respective asset class for which the quote is
requested.
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Third, Bimini reviews the values obtained by the pricing source
and the broker-dealers for consistency across similar assets.
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Finally, if the data from the pricing services and
broker-dealers is not homogenous or if the data obtained is
inconsistent with Biminis market observations, Bimini
makes a judgment to determine which price appears the most
consistent with observed prices from similar assets and selects
that price. To the extent Bimini believes that none of the
prices are consistent with observed prices for similar assets,
which is typically the case for only an immaterial portion of
our portfolio each quarter, Bimini may use a third price that is
consistent with observed prices for identical or similar assets.
In the case of assets that have quoted prices such as Agency
RMBS backed by fixed-rate mortgages, Bimini generally uses the
quoted or observed market price. For assets such as Agency RMBS
backed by ARMs or structured Agency RMBS, Bimini may determine
the price based on the yield or spread that is identical to an
observed transaction or a similar asset for which a dealer mark
or subscription-based price has been obtained.
|
After the completion of this offering, we expect our Manager to
continue to employ the process described above to value our
Agency RMBS.
Management believes its pricing methodology to be consistent
with the definition of fair value described in FASB
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.
Repurchase
Agreements
We intend to finance the acquisition of a portion of our Agency
RMBS through repurchase transactions under master repurchase
agreements. Repurchase transactions will be treated as
collateralized financing transactions and will be carried at
their contractual amounts, including accrued interest. We have
entered into master repurchase agreements with two financial
institutions (and have taken the initial steps to begin securing
additional repurchase agreement capacity with other
66
counterparties, which we intend to have in place shortly before
or concurrently with the completion of this offering).
In instances where we acquire Agency RMBS through repurchase
agreements with the same counterparty from whom the Agency RMBS
were purchased, we will account for the purchase commitment and
repurchase agreement on a net basis and record a forward
commitment to purchase Agency RMBS as a derivative instrument if
the transaction does not comply with the criteria in FASB
ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, for gross
presentation. If the transaction complies with the criteria for
gross presentation, we will record the assets and the related
financing on a gross basis in our statements of financial
condition, and the corresponding interest income and interest
expense in our statement of operations and comprehensive income
(loss). Such forward commitments are recorded at fair value with
subsequent changes in fair value recognized in income.
Additionally, we will record the cash portion of our investment
in Agency RMBS as a mortgage related receivable from the
counterparty on our balance sheet.
Derivatives
and Hedging Activities
We may account for derivative financial instruments in
accordance with FASB ASC 815, Disclosure about
Derivative Instruments, which requires an entity to
recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities on the
balance sheet and to measure those instruments at fair value.
Additionally, the fair value adjustments will affect either
other comprehensive income in stockholders equity until
the hedged item is recognized in earnings or net income
depending on whether the derivative instrument qualifies as a
hedge for accounting purposes and, if so, the nature of the
hedging activity. We use derivatives for hedging purposes rather
than speculation. We will use quotations from counterparties to
determine their fair values.
In the normal course of business, subject to qualifying and
maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we may use a variety of
derivative financial instruments to manage, or hedge, interest
rate risk on our borrowings. These derivative financial
instruments must be effective in reducing our interest rate risk
exposure in order to qualify for hedge accounting. When the
terms of an underlying transaction are modified, or when the
underlying hedged item ceases to exist, all changes in the fair
value of the instrument are
marked-to-market
with changes in value included in net income for each period
until the derivative instrument matures or is settled. Any
derivative instrument used for risk management that does not
meet the effective hedge criteria is
marked-to-market
with the changes in value included in net income.
We do not intend to elect GAAP hedge accounting for any
derivative financial instruments that we may utilize.
Income
Recognition
For securities classified as held for trading, interest income
is based on the stated interest rate and the outstanding
principal balance. We have elected the fair value option,
therefore, premium or discount associated with the purchase of
Agency RMBS are not amortized. Since we commenced operations,
all of our Agency RMBS have been classified as held for trading.
All of our Agency RMBS will be either pass-through securities or
structured Agency RMBS, including CMOs, IOs, IIOs or POs.
Income on pass-through securities, POs and CMOs that contain
principal balances is based on the stated interest rate of the
security. Premium or discount present at the date of purchase is
not amortized. For IOs, IIOs and CMOs that do not contain
principal balances, income is accrued based on the carrying
value and the effective yield. As cash is received it is first
applied to accrued interest and then to reduce the carrying
value of the security. At each reporting date, the effective
yield is adjusted prospectively from the reporting period based
on the new estimate of prepayments, current interest rates and
current asset prices. The new effective yield is calculated
based on the carrying value at the end of the previous reporting
period, the new prepayment estimates and the contractual terms
of the security. Changes in fair value of all of our Agency RMBS
during the
67
period are recorded in earnings and reported as losses on
trading securities in the accompanying statement of operations.
Our
Portfolio
As of March 31, 2011, our Agency RMBS portfolio had a fair
value of approximately $28.9 million, weighted average
coupon on assets of 4.22% and a net weighted average borrowing
cost of 0.33%. The following tables summarize our portfolio as
of March 31, 2011:
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Weighted
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Weighted
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Percentage
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Average
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Average
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Weighted
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Weighted
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of
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Weighted
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Maturity
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Coupon
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Average
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Average
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Weighted
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Entire
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Average
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in
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Longest
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Reset in
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Lifetime
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Periodic
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Average
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Asset Category
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Fair Value
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Portfolio
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Coupon
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Months
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Maturity
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Months
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Cap
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Cap
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CPR(1)
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(In thousands)
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Pass-through Agency RMBS backed by:
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Adjustable-Rate Mortgages
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$
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7,721
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26.7
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%
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2.53
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%
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288
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April 2035
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5.03
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9.55
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%
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2.00
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%
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0.11
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%
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Fixed-Rate Mortgages
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16,418
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56.8
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%
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4.54
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%
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171
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November 2025
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N/A
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N/A
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N/A
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0.75
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%
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Hybrid Adjustable-Rate Mortgages
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Total/Weighted Average Whole-pool Mortgage Pass-through Agency
RMBS
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$
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24,139
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83.5
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%
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3.90
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%
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208
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April 2035
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|
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5.03
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9.55
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%
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|
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2.00
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%
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|
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0.54
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%
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Structured Agency RMBS:
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CMOs
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IOs
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|
|
966
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3.3
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%
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|
|
4.50
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%
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|
|
163
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October 2024
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N/A
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N/A
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N/A
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N/A
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IIOs
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3,799
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13.2
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%
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6.22
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%
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297
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April 2037
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N/A
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N/A
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N/A
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19.73
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%
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POs
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Total/Weighted Average Structured Agency RMBS
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4,765
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16.5
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%
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5.87
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%
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270
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April 2037
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N/A
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N/A
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N/A
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19.73
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%
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Total/Weighted Average
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$
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28,904
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100
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%
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4.22
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%
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|
218
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April 2037
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5.03
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9.55
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%
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2.00
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%
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5.67
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%
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68
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Percentage of
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Agency
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Fair Value
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|
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Entire Portfolio
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(In thousands)
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|
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|
|
|
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|
|
Fannie Mae
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|
$
|
22,310
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|
|
|
77.2
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%
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|
|
Freddie Mac
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|
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4,337
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|
|
15.0
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%
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|
|
Ginnie Mae
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|
|
2,257
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|
|
7.8
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%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
Total Portfolio
|
|
$
|
28,904
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Entire Portfolio
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average Pass-through Purchase Price
|
|
$
|
105.44
|
|
Weighted Average Structured Agency RMBS Purchase Price
|
|
$
|
13.55
|
|
Weighted Average Pass-through Current Price
|
|
$
|
105.22
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|
Weighted Average Structured Agency RMBS Current Price
|
|
$
|
12.66
|
|
Effective
Duration(2)
|
|
|
3.26
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
CPR is a method of expressing the
prepayment rate for a mortgage pool that assumes that a constant
fraction of the remaining principal is prepaid each month or
year. Specifically, the constant prepayment rate in the chart
above represents the three month prepayment rate of our
securities in the respective asset category.
|
(2) |
|
Effective duration of 3.26
indicates that an interest rate increase of 1.0% would be
expected to cause a 3.26% decline in the value of our Agency
RMBS as of March 31, 2011. These figures include the
structured RMBS securities in the portfolio.
|
Liabilities
We have entered into repurchase agreements to finance
acquisitions of our Agency RMBS. As of March 31, 2011, we
had entered into master repurchase agreements with two
counterparties and had funding in place with one of those
parties. The material terms of this repurchase agreement are
described below:
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
Weighted Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
|
|
Maturity of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Borrowing
|
|
Repurchase
|
|
|
Counterparty
|
|
Balance
|
|
Cost
|
|
Agreements in Days
|
|
Amount at
Risk(1)
|
|
MF Global, Inc.
|
|
$
|
22,530,842
|
|
|
|
0.33
|
%
|
|
|
77
|
|
|
$
|
1,673,253
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Equal to the fair value of
securities sold, plus accrued interest income, minus the sum of
repurchase agreement liabilities and accrued interest expense.
|
During the three months ended March 31, 2011, the average
balance of our repurchase agreement financing was $22,680,448.
As of May 10, 2011, the weighted average haircut on the
repurchase agreement was approximately 5.0%. We have since
entered into three more master repurchase agreements (for a
total of five) and are currently negotiating, and intend to
enter into, additional master repurchase agreements with
additional counterparties after the completion of this offering.
Our master repurchase agreement has no stated expiration but can
be terminated at any time at our option or at the option of the
counterparty. However, once a definitive repurchase agreement
under a master repurchase agreement has been entered into, it
generally may not be terminated by either party absent an event
of default. A negotiated termination can occur but may involve a
fee to be paid by the party seeking to terminate the repurchase
agreement transaction.
Liquidity and
Capital Resources
Liquidity refers to our ability to meet our cash needs. Our
short-term (one-year or less) and long-term liquidity
requirements include asset acquisition, compliance with margin
requirements,
69
repayment of borrowings to the extent we are unable to or
unwilling to roll forward our repurchase agreements and payment
of our general operating expenses.
Our principal sources of capital generally consist of borrowings
under repurchase agreements, proceeds from equity offerings and
payments of principal and interest we receive on our Agency RMBS
portfolio. We believe that these sources of funds will be
sufficient to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity needs.
Based on our current portfolio, amount of free cash on hand,
debt-to-equity
ratio and current and anticipated availability of credit, we
believe that our capital resources will be sufficient to enable
us to meet anticipated short-term and long-term liquidity
requirements. However, the unexpected inability to finance our
pass-through Agency RMBS portfolio would create a serious
short-term strain on our liquidity and would require us to
liquidate much of that portfolio, which in turn would require us
to restructure our portfolio to maintain our exclusion from
registration under the Investment Company Act. Steep declines in
the values of our Agency RMBS assets financed using repurchase
agreements would result in margin calls that would significantly
reduce our free cash position. Furthermore, a substantial
increase in prepayment rates on our assets financed by
repurchase agreements could cause a temporary liquidity
shortfall, because on such assets we are generally required to
post margin in proportion to the amount of the announced
principal pay-downs before the actual receipt of the cash from
such principal pay-downs. If our cash resources are at any time
insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, we may have
to sell assets or issue debt or additional equity securities.
Contractual
Obligations
We are currently party to a management agreement with Bimini.
Upon completion of this offering, we will terminate our
management agreement with Bimini and enter into a new management
agreement as described below. Under our existing management
agreement with Bimini, we paid Bimini aggregate management fees
of $26,400 for the period beginning on November 24, 2010
(date operations commenced) to March 31, 2011, and we
reimbursed Bimini an aggregate of $28,800 in expenses for the
period beginning on November 24, 2010 (date operations
commenced) to March 31, 2011.
We intend to enter into a management agreement with our Manager.
Our Manager will be entitled to receive a management fee, be
reimbursed for its expenses incurred on our behalf, and, in
certain circumstances, receive a termination fee, each as
described in the management agreement. Such fees and expenses do
not have fixed and determinable payments. The management fee
will be payable monthly in arrears in an amount equal to 1/12th
of (a) 1.50% of the first $250,000,000 of our equity (as defined
below), (b) 1.25% of our equity that is greater than
$250,000,000 and less than or equal to $500,000,000, and (c)
1.00% of our equity that is greater than $500,000,000.
Equity equals our month-end stockholders
equity, adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains
or losses included in either retained earnings or other
comprehensive income (loss), as computed in accordance with GAAP.
We will be required to pay or reimburse our Manager for all
expenses incurred by it related to our operations, but excluding
all employment related expenses of our and our Managers
officers and any Bimini employees who provide services to us
pursuant to the management agreement (other than our Chief
Financial Officer). We will reimburse our Manager for our
allocable share of the compensation of our Chief Financial
Officer based our percentage of the aggregate amount of our
Managers assets under management and Biminis assets.
We will also reimburse our pro rata portion of our
Managers and Biminis overhead expenses based on our
percentage of the aggregate amount of our Managers assets
under management and Biminis assets. We will also be
required to pay a termination fee for our non-renewal of the
management agreement without cause. This fee will be equal to
three times the average annual management fee earned by our
Manager during the prior
24-month
period immediately preceding the most recently completed
calendar quarter prior to the effective date of termination.
70
We enter into repurchase agreements to finance some of our
purchases of our pass-through Agency RMBS. As of March 31,
2011, we had outstanding $22,530,842 of liabilities pursuant to
a repurchase agreement that had a borrowing rate of
approximately 0.33% and maturity of 77 days. As of
March 31, 2011, interest payable on our repurchase
agreements was $9,103.
Off-Balance Sheet
Arrangements
As of March 31, 2011, we had no off-balance sheet
arrangements.
Inflation
Virtually all of our assets and liabilities are financial in
nature. As a result, interest rates and other factors influence
our performance far more so than does inflation. Changes in
interest rates do not necessarily correlate with inflation rates
or changes in inflation rates. Our financial statements are
prepared in accordance with GAAP and our distributions are
determined by our Board of Directors based primarily on our net
income as calculated for tax purposes. In each case, our
activities and balance sheet are measured with reference to
historical cost and or fair market value without considering
inflation.
71
QUANTITATIVE AND
QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We believe the primary risk inherent in our investments is the
effect of movements in interest rates, especially with respect
to our use of leverage and the uncertainty of principal payment
cash flows, which we refer to as prepayment risk. We, therefore,
follow a risk management program designed to offset the
potential adverse effects resulting from these risks.
Interest Rate
Risk
We believe that the risk of adverse interest rate movements
represents the most significant risk to our portfolio. This risk
arises because (i) the interest rate indices used to
calculate the interest rates on the mortgages underlying our
assets may be different from the interest rate indices used to
calculate the interest rates on the related borrowings, and
(ii) interest rate movements affecting our borrowings may
not be reasonably correlated with interest rate movements
affecting our assets.
Interest Rate
Mismatch Risk
We intend to fund a substantial portion of our acquisitions of
Agency RMBS backed by ARMs and hybrid ARMs with borrowings that
have interest rates based on indices and repricing terms similar
to, but of somewhat shorter maturities than, the interest rate
indices and repricing terms of the Agency RMBS we are financing.
The interest rate indices and repricing terms of our Agency RMBS
and our funding sources will be mismatched. Our cost of funds
will likely rise or fall more quickly than the yield on assets.
During periods of changing interest rates, such interest rate
mismatches could negatively impact our business, financial
condition and results of operations and our ability to pay
distributions to our stockholders.
Extension
Risk
We invest in Agency RMBS backed by fixed-rate and hybrid ARMs.
Hybrid ARMs have interest rates that are fixed for the first few
years of the loan typically three, five, seven or
10 years and thereafter their interest rates
reset periodically on the same basis as ARMs. As of
March 31, 2011, we did not own any Agency RMBS backed by
hybrid ARMs. We compute the projected weighted average life of
our Agency RMBS backed by fixed-rate mortgages and hybrid ARMs
based on the markets prepayment rate assumptions. In
general, when an Agency RMBS backed by fixed-rate mortgages or
hybrid ARMs is acquired with borrowings, subject to qualifying
and maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we may, but are not
required to, enter into interest rate swap and cap contracts or
forward funding agreements that effectively cap or fix our
borrowing costs for a period close to the anticipated average
life of the fixed-rate portion of the related Agency RMBS. This
strategy is designed to protect us from rising interest rates
because the borrowing costs are fixed for the duration of the
fixed-rate portion of the related Agency RMBS. However, if
prepayment rates decrease as interest rates rise, the life of
the fixed-rate portion of the related Agency RMBS could extend
beyond the term of the swap agreement or other hedging
instrument. Our borrowing costs would no longer be fixed after
the end of the hedging instrument, but the income earned on the
related Agency RMBS would remain fixed. This situation may also
cause the market value of our Agency RMBS to decline with little
or no offsetting gain from the related hedging transactions. In
extreme situations, we may be forced to sell assets and incur
losses to maintain adequate liquidity.
Interest Rate
Cap Risk
We invest in Agency RMBS backed by ARMs and hybrid ARMs, which
are typically subject to periodic and lifetime interest rate
caps and floors. Interest rate caps and floors may limit changes
to the Agency RMBS yield. However, our borrowing costs pursuant
to our repurchase agreements will not be subject to similar
restrictions. As interest rates rise, the interest rate costs on
our borrowings could increase without limitation by caps, but
the interest-rate yields on the related assets would effectively
be limited by caps. The effect of ARM interest rate caps is
magnified to the extent we acquire Agency
72
RMBS backed by ARMs and hybrid ARMs whose current coupon is
below the fully-indexed coupon. Further, the underlying
mortgages may be subject to periodic payment caps that result in
some portion of the interest being deferred and added to the
principal outstanding, affecting available liquidity needed to
pay our financing costs. These factors could lower our net
interest income or cause a net loss during periods of rising
interest rates.
Effect on Fair
Value
The market value of our assets is sensitive to changes in
interest rates and may increase or decrease at different rates
than the market value of our liabilities, including our hedging
instruments. We primarily assess our interest rate risk by
estimating the duration of our assets and the duration of our
liabilities. Duration essentially measures the market price
volatility of financial instruments as interest rates change. We
generally calculate duration using various financial models and
empirical data, and different models and methodologies can
produce different duration numbers for the same securities. If
our duration estimates are inaccurate, we could underestimate
our interest rate risk.
Prepayment
Risk
Risk of mortgage prepayments is another significant risk to our
portfolio. When prepayment rates increase, we may not be able to
reinvest the money received from prepayments at yields
comparable to those of the securities prepaid. Also, some ARMs
and hybrid ARMs which back our Agency RMBS may bear initial
teaser interest rates that are lower than their
fully-indexed interest rates. If these mortgages are prepaid
during this teaser period, we may lose the
opportunity to receive interest payments at the higher,
fully-indexed rate over the expected life of the security.
Additionally, some of our structured Agency RMBS, such as IOs
and IIOs, may be negatively affected by an increase in
prepayment rates because their value is wholly contingent on the
underlying mortgage loans having an outstanding principal
balance.
A decrease in prepayment rates may also have an adverse effect
on our portfolio. Also, if we invest in POs, the purchase price
of such securities will be based, in part, on an assumed level
of prepayments on the underlying mortgage loan. Because the
returns on POs decrease the longer it takes the principal
payments on the underlying loans to be paid, a decrease in
prepayment rates could decrease our returns on these securities.
Prepayment risk also affects our hedging activities. When an
Agency RMBS backed by a fixed-rate mortgage or hybrid ARM is
acquired with borrowings, subject to qualifying and maintaining
our qualification as a REIT, we may cap or fix our borrowing
costs for a period close to the anticipated average life of the
fixed-rate portion of the related Agency RMBS. If prepayment
rates are different than our projections, the term of the
related hedging instrument may not match the fixed-rate portion
of the security, which could cause us to incur losses.
When prevailing interest rates fall below (rise above) the
coupon rate of a mortgage, it becomes more (less) likely to
prepay. Our business may be adversely affected if prepayment
rates are significantly different than our projections.
73
Analyzing
Interest Rate and Prepayment Risks
The following sensitivity analysis shows the estimated impact on
the fair value of our interest rate-sensitive investments as of
March 31, 2011, assuming rates instantaneously fall
100 basis points, rise 100 basis points and rise
200 basis points, or BPS:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Rates Fall
|
|
Interest Rates
|
|
Interest Rates
|
|
|
|
|
100 BPS
|
|
Rise 100 BPS
|
|
Rise 200 BPS
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
Agency RMBS backed by ARMs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
$
|
7,721
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
184
|
|
|
$
|
(184
|
)
|
|
$
|
(368
|
)
|
Change as a % of Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.38
|
%
|
|
|
(2.38
|
)%
|
|
|
(4.76
|
)%
|
Agency RMBS backed by fixed-rate mortgages
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
$
|
16,418
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
608
|
|
|
$
|
(608
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,217
|
)
|
Change as a % of Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.70
|
%
|
|
|
(3.70
|
)%
|
|
|
(7.41
|
)%
|
Agency RMBS backed by hybrid ARMS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Change as a % of Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
%
|
Structured RMBS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
$
|
4,765
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
151
|
|
|
$
|
(151
|
)
|
|
$
|
(303
|
)
|
Change as a % of Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.18
|
%
|
|
|
(3.18
|
)%
|
|
|
(6.36
|
)%
|
Portfolio Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
$
|
28,904
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
943
|
|
|
$
|
(943
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,887
|
)
|
Change as a % of Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.26
|
%
|
|
|
(3.26
|
)%
|
|
|
(6.53
|
)%
|
Cash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
$
|
684
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
74
The table below reflects the same analysis presented above but
with figures in the columns that indicate the estimated impact
of a 100 basis point fall or rise and a 200 basis point
rise adjusted to reflect the impact of convexity, which is the
measure of the sensitivity of our Agency RMBSs effective
duration to movements in interest rates.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Rates
|
|
Interest Rates
|
|
Interest Rates
|
|
|
|
|
Fall 100 BPS
|
|
Rise 100 BPS
|
|
Rise 200 BPS
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
Agency RMBS backed by ARMs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
$
|
7,721
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
109
|
|
|
$
|
(216
|
)
|
|
$
|
(489
|
)
|
Change as a % of Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.42
|
%
|
|
|
(2.79
|
)%
|
|
|
(6.33
|
)%
|
Agency RMBS backed by fixed-rate mortgages
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
$
|
16,418
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
459
|
|
|
$
|
(686
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,427
|
)
|
Change as a % of Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.80
|
%
|
|
|
(4.18
|
)%
|
|
|
(8.69
|
)%
|
Agency RMBS backed by hybrid ARMs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Change as a % of Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
%
|
Structured RMBS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
$
|
4,765
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
(132
|
)
|
|
$
|
(303
|
)
|
|
$
|
(829
|
)
|
Change as a % of Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2.77
|
)%
|
|
|
(6.37
|
)%
|
|
|
(17.40
|
)%
|
Portfolio Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
$
|
28,904
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
436
|
|
|
$
|
(1,205
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,745
|
)
|
Change as a % of Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.51
|
%
|
|
|
(4.17
|
)%
|
|
|
(9.50
|
)%
|
Cash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
$
|
684
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As interest rates change, the change in the fair value of our
assets would likely differ from that shown above and such
difference might be material and adverse to us. The volatility
in the fair value of our assets could increase significantly
when interest rates change beyond 100 basis points. In
addition to changes in interest rates, other factors impact the
fair value of our interest rate-sensitive investments and
hedging instruments, if any, such as the shape of the yield
curve, the level of 30-day LIBOR, market expectations about
future interest rate changes and disruptions in the financial
markets.
Our liabilities, consisting primarily of repurchase agreements,
are also affected by changes in interest rates. As rates rise,
the value of the underlying asset, or the collateral, declines.
In certain circumstances, we could be required to post
additional collateral in order to maintain the repurchase
agreement. We maintain cash and unpledged securities to cover
these possible situations. Typically, our cash position is
approximately equal to the haircut on our pledged assets, and
the balance of our unpledged assets exceeds our cash balance. As
an example, if interest rates increased 200 basis points,
as shown on the prior table, our collateral as of March 31,
2011 would decline in value by approximately $2.7 million,
which would require that we post $2.7 million of additional
collateral to meet a margin call. Our cash and unpledged assets
are currently sufficient to cover such a margin call. There can
be no assurance, however, that we will always have sufficient
cash or unpledged assets to cover such shortfalls in all
situations.
75
MARKET
OPPORTUNITY
We believe that the Agency RMBS market presents compelling
opportunities for earning attractive risk-adjusted returns,
particularly in the structured Agency RMBS market. For
example, IIOs have provided strong returns since the peak
of the housing market collapse in the fall of 2008 due to
persistently low short-term interest rates and lower prepayment
rates.
Attractive
Financing Spreads
Financing spreads (the difference between the yields on our
Agency RMBS and our related financing costs) are at high levels
due mainly to historically low financing rates on repurchase
agreement debt.
As of March 31, 2011, three month LIBOR was approximately
0.24% and the Federal Funds Target Rate was 0.25%. We finance
almost all of our Agency RMBS with short-term repurchase
agreement debt, the interests rates of which are tied to LIBOR.
We expect LIBOR and the Federal Funds Target Rate to remain at
historically low levels as long as the U.S. unemployment
rate remains high and inflation in the United States is at or
near the low end of the U.S. Federal Reserves target
range of 1% to 2%.
Lower Prepayment
Rates
The recent housing market collapse has caused a dramatic
decrease in home prices. Also, loan losses on residential
mortgages have caused lenders to tighten their lending
standards, making it difficult for home owners to refinance
their mortgages. The combination of lower home prices and
tighter lending standards has lowered prepayment rates on
mortgage loans underlying Agency RMBS.
We believe the current low prepayment rate environment will
reduce portfolio volatility and increase our ability to hedge
our portfolio more effectively. Additionally, lower prepayment
rates may increase the value of our structured Agency RMBS, such
as IOs and IIOs, because the value of such securities are
contingent on the duration of the principal balance of the
underlying mortgage loans.
Availability of
Financing
Data from the Federal Reserve shows that primary dealers are
currently providing approximately $380 billion of term
financing for Agency RMBS as opposed to less than
$250 billion at the beginning of 2010.
We believe the combination of (i) attractive financing
spreads, (ii) lower prepayment rates and
(iii) available financing will result in attractive
risk-adjusted returns.
76
BUSINESS
Our
Company
Orchid Island Capital, Inc. is a specialty finance company that
invests in Agency RMBS. Our investment strategy focuses on, and
our portfolio consists of, two categories of Agency RMBS:
(i) traditional pass-through Agency RMBS and
(ii) structured Agency RMBS, such as CMOs, IOs, IIOs
and POs, among other types of structured Agency RMBS.
Our business objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted
total returns to our investors over the long term through a
combination of capital appreciation and the payment of regular
quarterly distributions. We intend to achieve this objective by
investing in and strategically allocating capital between the
two categories of Agency RMBS described above. We seek to
generate income from (i) the net interest margin, which is
the spread or difference between the interest income we earn on
our assets and the interest cost of our related borrowing and
hedging activities, on our leveraged pass-through Agency RMBS
portfolio and the leveraged portion of our structured Agency
RMBS portfolio, and (ii) the interest income we generate
from the unleveraged portion of our structured Agency RMBS
portfolio. We intend to fund our pass-through Agency RMBS and
certain of our structured Agency RMBS, such as fixed and
floating rate tranches of CMOs and POs, through short-term
borrowings structured as repurchase agreements. However, we do
not intend to employ leverage on the securities in our
structured Agency RMBS portfolio that have no principal balance,
such as IOs and IIOs. We do not intend to use leverage in these
instances because the securities contain structural leverage.
Pass-through Agency RMBS and structured Agency RMBS typically
exhibit materially different sensitivities to movements in
interest rates. Declines in the value of one portfolio may be
offset by appreciation in the other. The percentage of capital
that we allocate to our two Agency RMBS asset categories will
vary and will be actively managed in an effort to maintain the
level of income generated by the combined portfolios, the
stability of that income stream and the stability of the value
of the combined portfolios. We believe that this strategy will
enhance our liquidity, earnings, book value stability and asset
selection opportunities in various interest rate environments.
We were formed by Bimini in August 2010. We commenced operations
on November 24, 2010, and through March 31, 2011,
Bimini had contributed approximately $7.5 million in cash
to us. Bimini has agreed to contribute an additional
$7.5 million in cash to us prior to the completion of this
offering pursuant to a subscription agreement to purchase
additional shares of our common stock. Bimini is currently our
sole stockholder. Bimini has managed our portfolio since
inception by utilizing the same investment strategy that we
expect our Manager and its experienced RMBS investment team to
continue to employ after completion of this offering. As of
March 31, 2011, our Agency RMBS portfolio had a fair value
of approximately $28.9 million and was comprised of
approximately 83.5% pass-through Agency RMBS and 16.5%
structured Agency RMBS. Our net asset value as of March 31,
2011 was approximately $7.5 million.
We intend to qualify and will elect to be taxed as a REIT under
the Code commencing with our short taxable year ending
December 31, 2011. We generally will not be subject to
U.S. federal income tax to the extent that we annually
distribute all of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders
and qualify as a REIT.
Our
Manager
We are currently managed by Bimini. Upon completion of this
offering, we will be externally managed and advised by Bimini
Advisors, Inc., or our Manager, pursuant to the terms of a
management agreement. Our Manager is a newly-formed Maryland
corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Bimini. Our Manager
will be responsible for administering our business activities
and
day-to-day
operations, subject to the supervision and oversight of our
Board of Directors. Members of Biminis and our
Managers senior management team will also serve as our
executive officers. We will not have any employees.
77
Bimini Capital
Management, Inc.
Bimini is a mortgage REIT that has operated since 2003 and had
approximately $117 million of pass-through Agency RMBS and
structured Agency RMBS as of March 31, 2011. Bimini has
employed this strategy with its own portfolio since the third
quarter of 2008 and with our portfolio since our inception. The
following table shows Biminis returns on invested capital
since employing our investment strategy in the third quarter of
2008. The returns on Biminis invested capital provided
below are net of the interest paid pursuant to Biminis
repurchase agreements but does not give effect to the cost of
Biminis other long-term financing costs as described below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative Return
|
|
|
Quarterly Return on
|
|
on Invested
|
|
|
Invested
Capital(1)
|
|
Capital(1)(2)
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30, 2008
|
|
|
2.5
|
%
|
|
|
2.5
|
%
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
8.9
|
%
|
|
|
11.7
|
%
|
March 31, 2009
|
|
|
13.2
|
%
|
|
|
26.4
|
%
|
June 30, 2009
|
|
|
14.0
|
%
|
|
|
44.0
|
%
|
September 30, 2009
|
|
|
10.7
|
%
|
|
|
59.4
|
%
|
December 31, 2009
|
|
|
7.0
|
%
|
|
|
70.6
|
%
|
March 31, 2010
|
|
|
(0.3
|
)%
|
|
|
70.1
|
%
|
June 30, 2010
|
|
|
9.4
|
%
|
|
|
86.0
|
%
|
September 30, 2010
|
|
|
3.0
|
%
|
|
|
91.6
|
%
|
December 31, 2010
|
|
|
8.0
|
%
|
|
|
106.9
|
%
|
March 31, 2011
|
|
|
6.2
|
%
|
|
|
119.7
|
%
|
Annualized Return on Invested
Capital(3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33.1
|
%
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Returns on invested capital are
calculated by dividing (i) the sum of (A) net interest
income, before interest on junior subordinated notes (which
equals the difference between interest income and interest
expense), and (B) gains/losses on trading securities by
(ii) invested capital. Invested capital consists of the sum
of: (i) mortgage-backed securities pledged to
counterparties (less repurchase agreements and unsettled
security transactions), (ii) mortgage-backed
securities unpledged (which consists of unpledged
pass-through Agency RMBS and structured Agency RMBS less any
unsettled Agency RMBS), (iii) cash and cash equivalents and
(iv) restricted cash. The components of invested capital
and returns on invested capital are based entirely on
information contained in the SEC filings of Bimini Capital
Management, Inc., which are publicly available through the
SECs website at www.sec.gov. The information contained in
the SEC filings of Bimini Capital Management, Inc. do not
constitute a part of this prospectus or any amendment or
supplement thereto.
|
|
|
|
(2) |
|
Cumulative return on invested
capital represents the return on invested capital assuming the
reinvestment of all prior period returns beginning on
July 1, 2008. For example, the cumulative return on
invested capital as of December 31, 2008 was calculated as
follows: ((1+0.0252)*(1+0.0891))-1.
|
|
(3) |
|
Calculated by annualizing the total
cumulative return on invested capital for the periods presented
above.
|
The table below shows the components of Biminis invested
capital. All information in the table below is based entirely on
information contained in the SEC filings of Bimini which are
publicly
78
available through the SECs website at www.sec.gov. The
information contained in the SEC filings of Bimini do not
constitute a part of this prospectus or any amendment or
supplement thereto.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mortgage-Backed
|
|
Agreements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities -
|
|
and Unsettled
|
|
Mortgage-Backed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pledged to
|
|
Security
|
|
Securities -
|
|
Cash and Cash
|
|
|
|
Total Invested
|
As of:
|
|
Counterparties
|
|
Transactions(1)
|
|
Unpledged
|
|
Equivalents
|
|
Restricted Cash
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
September 30, 2008
|
|
$
|
208,921
|
|
|
$
|
(200,708
|
)
|
|
$
|
17,647
|
|
|
$
|
12,377
|
|
|
$
|
250
|
|
|
$
|
38,487
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
158,444
|
|
|
|
(148,695
|
)
|
|
|
13,664
|
|
|
|
7,669
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31,082
|
|
March 31, 2009
|
|
|
80,618
|
|
|
|
(74,736
|
)
|
|
|
10,786
|
|
|
|
22,113
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38,781
|
|
June 30, 2009
|
|
|
75,159
|
|
|
|
(69,887
|
)
|
|
|
19,335
|
|
|
|
4,821
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29,427
|
|
September 30, 2009
|
|
|
66,286
|
|
|
|
(82,733
|
)
|
|
|
39,992
|
|
|
|
14,785
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38,330
|
|
December 31, 2009
|
|
|
104,876
|
|
|
|
(100,271
|
)
|
|
|
14,793
|
|
|
|
6,400
|
|
|
|
2,530
|
|
|
|
28,327
|
|
March 31, 2010
|
|
|
79,763
|
|
|
|
(81,077
|
)
|
|
|
22,397
|
|
|
|
5,159
|
|
|
|
950
|
|
|
|
27,191
|
|
June 30, 2010
|
|
|
75,271
|
|
|
|
(73,086
|
)
|
|
|
22,282
|
|
|
|
4,433
|
|
|
|
168
|
|
|
|
29,068
|
|
September 30, 2010
|
|
|
111,886
|
|
|
|
(107,274
|
)
|
|
|
18,891
|
|
|
|
3,071
|
|
|
|
1,539
|
|
|
|
28,114
|
|
December 31, 2010
|
|
|
117,254
|
|
|
|
(113,592
|
)
|
|
|
17,879
|
|
|
|
2,831
|
|
|
|
3,546
|
|
|
|
27,918
|
|
March 31, 2011
|
|
|
99,509
|
|
|
|
(94,927
|
)
|
|
|
17,525
|
|
|
|
5,199
|
|
|
|
1,186
|
|
|
|
28,491
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
On occasion, Bimini enters into
reverse repurchase agreements to facilitate the sale of selected
positions in its pass-through Agency RMBS portfolio without
unwinding an existing repurchase agreement. In accordance with
the terms of a master repurchase agreement, repurchase
agreements and reverse repurchase agreements are reported net of
each other in Biminis consolidated balance sheet. As of
March 31, 2011, Bimini had outstanding a reverse repurchase
agreement with one counterparty of approximately
$12.4 million which matured on May 10, 2011.
|
We believe that this method of calculating returns described
above provides a useful means to measure the performance of
Biminis portfolio because (i) it is based on actual
capital invested in Biminis portfolio (including cash and
cash equivalents and restricted cash that could be used to
satisfy margin calls) instead of overall stockholders
equity, which takes into account Biminis accumulated
deficit and other factors unrelated to the portfolio, and
(ii) it shows Biminis quarterly and cumulative
returns on its Agency RMBS portfolio taking into account the
repurchase agreement financing costs typical to manage this type
of portfolio, but without taking into account its entity-level
capital by excluding from the returns the effects of interest
due on Biminis junior subordinated debt, which is related
to Biminis trust preferred securities. Because of the
terms of its trust preferred securities (which include the
long-term nature of the underlying junior subordinated debt and
the fact that such debt is not held directly by outside
investors, but indirectly through preferred equity securities of
an intervening trust that holds such debt), Bimini characterizes
its trust preferred securities (and the related junior
subordinated debt) as a form of capital, rather than as a form
of financing for Biminis portfolio, when calculating
returns on invested capital.
Our results may differ from Biminis results and will
depend on a variety of factors, some of which are beyond our
control
and/or are
difficult to predict, including changes in interest rates,
changes in prepayment speeds and other changes in market
conditions and economic trends. In addition, Biminis
portfolio results above do not include other expenses necessary
to operate a public company and that we will incur following the
completion of this offering, including the management fee we
will pay to our Manager. Therefore, you should not assume that
Biminis portfolios performance will be indicative of
the performance of our portfolio or the Company.
In 2005, Bimini acquired Opteum Financial Services, LLC, or OFS,
an originator of residential mortgages. At the time OFS was
acquired, Bimini managed an Agency RMBS portfolio with a fair
value of approximately $3.5 billion. OFS operated in
46 states and originated residential mortgages through
three production channels. OFS did not have the capacity to
retain the mortgages it originated, and relied on the ability to
sell loans as they were originated as either whole loans or
through off-balance sheet securitizations. When the residential
housing market in the United States started to collapse in
79
late 2006 and early 2007, the ability to successfully execute
this strategy was quickly impaired as whole loan prices
plummeted and the securitization markets closed. Biminis
management closed a majority of the mortgage origination
operations in early 2007, with the balance sold by June 30,
2007. Additional losses were incurred after June 30, 2007
as the remaining assets were sold or became impaired, and by
December 31, 2009, OFS had an accumulated deficit of
approximately $278 million. The losses generated by OFS
required Bimini to slowly liquidate its Agency RMBS portfolio as
capital was reduced and the operations of OFS drained
Biminis cash resources. On November 5, 2007, Bimini
was delisted by the NYSE. By December 31, 2008,
Biminis Agency RMBS portfolio was reduced to approximately
$172 million and, as a result of the reduced capital
remaining and the financial crisis, Bimini had limited access to
repurchase agreement funding. Bimini and its subsidiaries are
subject to a number of ongoing legal proceedings. Those
proceedings or any future proceedings may divert the time and
attention of our Manager and certain key personnel of our
Manager from us and our investment strategy. The diversion of
time of our Manager and certain key personnel of our Manager may
have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business
operations, financial condition and results of operations and
our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders. See
Risk Factors Legal proceedings involving Bimini
and certain of its subsidiaries have adversely affected Bimini,
may materially adversely affect Biminis ability to
effectively manage our business and could materially adversely
affect our reputation, business operations, financial condition
and results of operations and our ability to pay distributions
to our stockholders.
Although our and Biminis Chief Executive Officer,
Mr. Cauley, and Chief Investment Officer and Chief
Financial Officer, Mr. Haas, both worked at Bimini during
the time it owned OFS (Mr. Cauley was the Chief Investment
Officer and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. Haas was the
Head of Research and Trading), their primary focus and
responsibilities were the management of Biminis securities
portfolio, not the management of OFS. In addition,
Mr. Cauley is the only director still serving on
Biminis board of directors that served when OFS was
acquired. Biminis current investment strategy was
implemented in the third quarter of 2008, the first full quarter
of operations after Mr. Cauley become the Chief Executive
Officer of Bimini and Mr. Haas became the Chief Investment
Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Bimini.
Messrs. Cauley and Haas were appointed to these respective
roles on April 14, 2008.
Our Investment
and Capital Allocation Strategy
Our Investment
Strategy
Our business objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted
total returns to our investors over the long term through a
combination of capital appreciation and the payment of regular
quarterly distributions. We intend to achieve this objective by
investing in and strategically allocating capital between
pass-through Agency RMBS and structured Agency RMBS. We seek to
generate income from (i) the net interest margin on our
leveraged pass-through Agency RMBS portfolio and the leveraged
portion of our structured Agency RMBS portfolio, and
(ii) the interest income we generate from the unleveraged
portion of our structured Agency RMBS portfolio. We also seek to
minimize the volatility of both the net asset value of, and
income from, our portfolio through a process which emphasizes
capital allocation, asset selection, liquidity and active
interest rate risk management.
We intend to fund our pass-through Agency RMBS and certain of
our structured Agency RMBS, such as fixed and floating rate
tranches of CMOs and POs, through repurchase agreements.
However, we do not intend to employ leverage on our structured
Agency RMBS that have no principal balance, such as IOs and
IIOs. We do not intend to use leverage in these instances
because the securities contain structural leverage.
Our investment strategy consists of the following components:
|
|
|
|
|
investing in pass-through Agency RMBS and certain structured
Agency RMBS, such as fixed and floating rate tranches of CMOs
and POs, on a leveraged basis to increase returns on the capital
allocated to this portfolio;
|
80
|
|
|
|
|
investing in certain structured Agency RMBS, such as IOs and
IIOs, on an unleveraged basis in order to (i) increase
returns due to the structural leverage contained in such
securities, (ii) enhance liquidity due to the fact that
these securities will be unencumbered and (iii) diversify
portfolio interest rate risk due to the different interest rate
sensitivity these securities have compared to pass-through
Agency RMBS;
|
|
|
|
|
|
investing in Agency RMBS in order to minimize credit risk;
|
|
|
|
investing in assets that will cause us to maintain our exclusion
from regulation as an investment company under the Investment
Company Act; and
|
|
|
|
investing in assets that will allow us to qualify and maintain
our qualification as a REIT.
|
Our Manager will make investment decisions based on various
factors, including, but not limited to, relative value, expected
cash yield, supply and demand, costs of hedging, costs of
financing, liquidity requirements, expected future interest rate
volatility and the overall shape of the U.S. Treasury and
interest rate swap yield curves. We do not attribute any
particular quantitative significance to any of these factors,
and the weight we give to these factors depends on market
conditions and economic trends. We believe that this strategy,
combined with our Managers experienced RMBS investment
team, will enable us to provide attractive long-term returns to
our stockholders.
Capital
Allocation Strategy
The percentage of capital invested in our two asset categories
will vary and will be managed in an effort to maintain the level
of income generated by the combined portfolios, the stability of
that income stream and the stability of the value of the
combined portfolios. Typically, pass-through Agency RMBS and
structured Agency RMBS exhibit materially different
sensitivities to movements in interest rates. Declines in the
value of one portfolio may be offset by appreciation in the
other, although we cannot assure you that this will be the case.
Additionally, our Manager will seek to maintain adequate
liquidity as it allocates capital.
We will allocate our capital to assist our interest rate risk
management efforts. The unleveraged portfolio does not require
unencumbered cash or cash equivalents to be maintained in
anticipation of possible margin calls. To the extent more
capital is deployed in the unleveraged portfolio, our liquidity
needs will generally be less.
During periods of rising interest rates, refinancing
opportunities available to borrowers typically decrease because
borrowers are not able to refinance their current mortgage loans
with new mortgage loans at lower interest rates. In such
instances, securities that are highly sensitive to refinancing
activity, such as IOs and IIOs, typically increase in value. Our
capital allocation strategy allows us to redeploy our capital
into such securities when and if we believe interest rates will
be higher in the future, thereby allowing us to hold securities
the value of which we believe is likely to increase as interest
rates rise. Also, by being able to re-allocate capital into
structured Agency RMBS, such as IOs, during periods of rising
interest rates, we may be able to offset the likely decline in
the value of our pass-through Agency RMBS, which are negatively
impacted by rising interest rates.
We intend to qualify as a REIT and operate in a manner that will
not subject us to regulation under the Investment Company Act.
In order to rely on the exemption provided by
Section 3(c)(5)(C) under the Investment Company Act, we
must maintain at least 55% of our assets in qualifying real
estate assets. For purposes of this test, structured
mortgage-backed securities are non-qualifying real estate
assets. Accordingly, while we have no explicit limitation on the
amount of our capital that we will deploy to the unleveraged
structured Agency RMBS portfolio, we will deploy our capital in
such a way so as to maintain our exemption from registration
under the Investment Company Act.
81
Competitive
Strengths
We believe that our competitive strengths include:
|
|
|
|
|
Ability to Successfully Allocate Capital between
Pass-Through and Structured Agency RMBS. We
seek to maximize our risk-adjusted returns by investing
exclusively in Agency RMBS, which has limited credit risk due to
the guarantee of principal and interest payments on such
securities by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae. Our Manager
will allocate capital between pass-through Agency RMBS and
structured Agency RMBS. The percentage of our capital we
allocate to our two asset categories will vary and will be
actively managed in an effort to maintain the level of income
generated by the combined portfolios, the stability of that
income stream and the stability of the value of the combined
portfolios. We believe this strategy will enhance our liquidity,
earnings, book value stability and asset selection opportunities
in various interest rate environments and provide us with a
competitive advantage over other REITs that invest in only
pass-through Agency RMBS. This is because, among other reasons,
our investment and capital allocation strategies allow us to
move capital out of pass-through Agency RMBS and into structured
Agency RMBS in a rising interest rate environment, which will
protect our portfolio from excess margin calls on our
pass-through Agency RMBS portfolio and reduced net interest
margins, and allow us to invest in securities, such as IOs, that
have historically performed well in a rising interest rate
environment.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Experienced RMBS Investment Team. Mr.
Cauley, our Chief Executive Officer and co-founder of Bimini,
and Mr. Haas, our Chief Investment Officer, have 19 and ten
years of experience, respectively, in analyzing, trading and
investing in Agency RMBS. Additionally, Messrs. Cauley and
Haas each have over seven years of experience managing Bimini,
which is a publicly-traded REIT that has invested in Agency RMBS
since its inception in 2003. Messrs. Cauley and Haas
managed Bimini through the recent housing market collapse and
the related adverse effects on the banking and financial system,
repositioning Biminis portfolio in response to adverse
market conditions. We believe this experience has enabled them
to recognize portfolio risk in advance, hedge such risk
accordingly and manage liquidity and borrowing risks during
adverse market conditions. We believe that
Messrs. Cauleys and Haass experience will
provide us with a competitive advantage over other management
teams that may not have experience managing a publicly-traded
mortgage REIT or managing a business similar to ours during
various interest rate and credit cycles, including the recent
housing market collapse.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clean Balance Sheet With an Implemented Investment
Strategy. As a recently-formed entity, we
intend to build on our existing investment portfolio. As of
March 31, 2011, our Agency RMBS portfolio had a fair value
of approximately $28.9 million and was comprised of
approximately 83.5% pass-through Agency RMBS and 16.5%
structured Agency RMBS. Our net asset value as of March 31,
2011 was approximately $7.5 million. Bimini has managed our
portfolio since inception by utilizing the same investment
strategy that we expect our Manager and its experienced RMBS
investment team to continue to employ after the completion of
this offering.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alignment of Interests. Upon completion
of this offering, Bimini will own 1,063,830 shares of our
common stock. Concurrently with this offering, we will sell to
Bimini warrants to purchase an aggregate of
4,500,000 shares of our common stock in a separate private
placement for an aggregate purchase price of $2,475,000. Upon
completion of this offering, Bimini will own common stock
representing approximately 12.42% of the outstanding shares of
our common stock (or 10.98% if the underwriters exercise their
option to purchase additional shares in full). Bimini has agreed
that, for a period of 365 days after the date of this
prospectus, it will not, without the prior written consent of
Barclays Capital Inc., dispose of or hedge any of (i) its
shares of our common stock, including any shares of our common
|
82
|
|
|
|
|
stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants it intends to
purchase in the concurrent private placement, (ii) the
warrants that it intends to purchase in the concurrent private
placement or (iii) any common stock that it may acquire
after the completion of this offering, subject to certain
exceptions and extensions.
|
Our
Portfolio
As of March 31, 2011, our portfolio consisted of Agency
RMBS with an aggregate fair value of approximately
$28.9 million, a weighted average coupon of 4.22% and a net
weighted average borrowing cost of 0.33%. The following table
summarizes our portfolio as of March 31, 2011:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coupon
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Entire
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
Maturity in
|
|
|
Longest
|
|
|
Reset in
|
|
|
Lifetime
|
|
|
Periodic
|
|
|
Average
|
|
Asset Category
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Portfolio
|
|
|
Coupon
|
|
|
Months
|
|
|
Maturity
|
|
|
Months
|
|
|
Cap
|
|
|
Cap
|
|
|
CPR(1)
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pass-through Agency RMBS backed by:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjustable-Rate Mortgages
|
|
$
|
7,721
|
|
|
|
26.7
|
%
|
|
|
2.53
|
%
|
|
|
288
|
|
|
|
April 2035
|
|
|
|
5.03
|
|
|
|
9.55
|
%
|
|
|
2.00
|
%
|
|
|
0.11
|
%
|
Fixed-Rate Mortgages
|
|
|
16,418
|
|
|
|
56.8
|
%
|
|
|
4.54
|
%
|
|
|
171
|
|
|
|
November 2025
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
0.75
|
%
|
Hybrid Adjustable-Rate Mortgages
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total/Weighted Average Whole-pool Mortgage Pass-through Agency
RMBS
|
|
$
|
24,139
|
|
|
|
83.5
|
%
|
|
|
3.90
|
%
|
|
|
208
|
|
|
|
April 2035
|
|
|
|
5.03
|
|
|
|
9.55
|
%
|
|
|
2.00
|
%
|
|
|
0.54
|
%
|
Structured Agency RMBS:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CMOs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IOs
|
|
|
966
|
|
|
|
3.3
|
%
|
|
|
4.50
|
%
|
|
|
163
|
|
|
|
October 2024
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
IIOs
|
|
|
3,799
|
|
|
|
13.2
|
%
|
|
|
6.22
|
%
|
|
|
297
|
|
|
|
April 2037
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
19.73
|
%
|
POs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total/Weighted Average Structured Agency RMBS
|
|
|
4,765
|
|
|
|
16.5
|
%
|
|
|
5.87
|
%
|
|
|
270
|
|
|
|
April 2037
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
19.73
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total/Weighted Average
|
|
$
|
28,904
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
4.22
|
%
|
|
|
218
|
|
|
|
April 2037
|
|
|
|
5.03
|
|
|
|
9.55
|
%
|
|
|
2.00
|
%
|
|
|
5.67
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
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CPR is a method of expressing the
prepayment rate for a mortgage pool that assumes that a constant
fraction of the remaining principal is prepaid each month or
year. Specifically the constant prepayment rate in the chart
above represents the three month prepayment rate of the
securities in the respective asset category.
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Description of
Agency RMBS
Pass-through
Agency RMBS
We invest in pass-through securities, which are securities
secured by residential real property in which payments of both
interest and principal on the securities are generally made
monthly. In effect, these securities pass through the monthly
payments made by the individual borrowers on the mortgage loans
that underlie the securities, net of fees paid to the issuer or
guarantor of the securities. Pass-through certificates can be
divided into various categories based on the characteristics of
the underlying mortgages, such as the term or whether the
interest rate is fixed or variable.
The payment of principal and interest on mortgage pass-through
securities issued by Ginnie Mae, but not the market value, is
guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the federal
government. Payment of principal and interest on mortgage
pass-through certificates issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac,
but not the market value, is guaranteed by the respective agency
issuing the security.
A key feature of most mortgage loans is the ability of the
borrower to repay principal earlier than scheduled. This is
called a prepayment. Prepayments arise primarily due to sale of
the underlying
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property, refinancing or foreclosure. Prepayments result in a
return of principal to pass-through certificate holders. This
may result in a lower or higher rate of return upon reinvestment
of principal. This is generally referred to as prepayment
uncertainty. If a security purchased at a premium prepays at a
higher-than-expected
rate, then the value of the premium would be eroded at a
faster-than-expected
rate. Similarly, if a discount mortgage prepays at a
lower-than-expected
rate, the amortization towards par would be accumulated at a
slower-than-expected
rate. The possibility of these undesirable effects is sometimes
referred to as prepayment risk.
In general, declining interest rates tend to increase
prepayments, and rising interest rates tend to slow prepayments.
Like other fixed-income securities, when interest rates rise,
the value of Agency RMBS generally declines. The rate of
prepayments on underlying mortgages will affect the price and
volatility of Agency RMBS and may shorten or extend the
effective maturity of the security beyond what was anticipated
at the time of purchase. If interest rates rise, our holdings of
Agency RMBS may experience reduced returns if the borrowers of
the underlying mortgages pay off their mortgages later than
anticipated. This is generally referred to as extension risk.
The mortgage loans underlying pass-through certificates can
generally be classified into the following three categories:
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Fixed-Rate Mortgages. Fixed-rate
mortgages are those where the borrower pays an interest rate
that is constant throughout the term of the loan. Traditionally,
most fixed-rate mortgages have an original term of
30 years. However, shorter terms (also referred to as final
maturity dates) have become common in recent years. Because the
interest rate on the loan never changes, even when market
interest rates change, over time there can be a divergence
between the interest rate on the loan and current market
interest rates. This in turn can make fixed-rate mortgages price
sensitive to market fluctuations in interest rates. In general,
the longer the remaining term on the mortgage loan, the greater
the price sensitivity.
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ARMs. ARMs are mortgages for which the
borrower pays an interest rate that varies over the term of the
loan. The interest rate usually resets based on market interest
rates, although the adjustment of such an interest rate may be
subject to certain limitations. Traditionally, interest rate
resets occur at regular set intervals (for example, once per
year). We will refer to such ARMs as traditional
ARMs. Because the interest rates on ARMs fluctuate based on
market conditions, ARMs tend to have interest rates that do not
deviate from current market rates by a large amount. This in
turn can mean that ARMs have less price sensitivity to interest
rates.
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Hybrid Adjustable-Rate
Mortgages. Hybrid ARMs have a fixed-rate for
the first few years of the loan, often three, five, or seven
years, and thereafter reset periodically like a traditional ARM.
Effectively, such mortgages are hybrids, combining the features
of a pure fixed-rate mortgage and a traditional ARM. Hybrid ARMs
have price sensitivity to interest rates similar to that of a
fixed-rate mortgage during the period when the interest rate is
fixed and similar to that of an ARM when the interest rate is in
its periodic reset stage. However, because many hybrid ARMs are
structured with a relatively short initial time span during
which the interest rate is fixed, even during that segment of
its existence, the price sensitivity may be high.
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Structured
Agency RMBS
We also invest in structured Agency RMBS, which include CMOs,
IOs, IIOs and POs. The payment of principal and interest,
as appropriate, on structured Agency RMBS issued by Ginnie Mae,
but not the market value, is guaranteed by the full faith and
credit of the federal government. Payment of principal and
interest, as appropriate, on structured Agency RMBS issued by
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, but not the market value, is
guaranteed by the respective agency issuing the security. The
types of structured Agency RMBS in which we invest are described
below.
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CMOs. CMOs are a type of RMBS the
principal and interest of which are paid, in most cases, on a
monthly basis. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage
loans, but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of
mortgage pass-through securities issued directly by or under the
auspices of Ginnie Mae, Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae. CMOs are
structured into multiple classes, with each class bearing a
different stated maturity. Monthly payments of principal,
including prepayments, are first returned to investors holding
the shortest maturity class. Investors holding the longer
maturity classes receive principal only after the first class
has been retired. Generally, fixed-rate mortgages are used to
collateralize CMOs. However, the CMO tranches need not all have
fixed-rate coupons. Some CMO tranches have floating rate coupons
that adjust based on market interest rates, subject to some
limitations. Such tranches, often called CMO
floaters, can have relatively low price sensitivity to
interest rates.
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IOs. IOs represent the stream of
interest payments on a pool of mortgages, either fixed-rate
mortgages or hybrid ARMs. Holders of IOs have no claim to any
principal payments. The value of IOs depends primarily on two
factors, which are prepayments and interest rates. Prepayments
on the underlying pool of mortgages reduce the stream of
interest payments going forward, hence IOs are highly sensitive
to prepayment rates. IOs are also sensitive to changes in
interest rates. An increase in interest rates reduces the
present value of future interest payments on a pool of
mortgages. On the other hand, an increase in interest rates has
a tendency to reduce prepayments, which increases the expected
absolute amount of future interest payments.
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IIOs. IIOs represent the stream of
interest payments on a pool of mortgages, either fixed-rate
mortgages or hybrid ARMs. Holders of IIOs have no claim to any
principal payments. The value of IIOs depends primarily on three
factors, which are prepayments, LIBOR rates and term interest
rates. Prepayments on the underlying pool of mortgages reduce
the stream of interest payments, hence IIOs are highly sensitive
prepayment rates. The coupon on IIOs is derived from both the
coupon interest rate on the underlying pool of mortgages and
30-day LIBOR. IIOs are typically created in conjunction with a
floating rate CMO that has a principal balance and which is
entitled to receive all of the principal payments on the
underlying pool of mortgages. The coupon on the floating rate
CMO is also based on 30-day LIBOR. Typically, the coupon on the
floating rate CMO and the IIO, when combined, equal the coupon
on the pool of underlying mortgages. The coupon on the pool of
underlying mortgages typically represents a cap or ceiling on
the combined coupons of the floating rate CMO and the IIO.
Accordingly, when the value of 30-day LIBOR increases, the
coupon of the floating rate CMO will increase and the coupon on
the IIO will decrease. When the value of 30-day LIBOR falls, the
opposite is true. Accordingly, the value of IIOs are sensitive
to the level of 30-day LIBOR and expectations by market
participants of future movements in the level of 30-day LIBOR.
IIOs are also sensitive to changes in interest rates. An
increase in interest rates reduces the present value of future
interest payments on a pool of mortgages. On the other hand, an
increase in interest rates has a tendency to reduce prepayments,
which increases the expected absolute amount of future interest
payments.
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POs. POs represent the stream of
principal payments on a pool of mortgages. Holders of POs have
no claim to any interest payments, although the ultimate amount
of principal to be received over time is known it
equals the principal balance of the underlying pool of
mortgages. What is not known is the timing of the receipt of the
principal payments. The value of POs depends primarily on two
factors, which are prepayments and interest rates. Prepayments
on the underlying pool of mortgages accelerate the stream of
principal repayments, hence POs are highly sensitive to the rate
at which the mortgages in the pool are prepaid. POs are also
sensitive to changes in interest rates. An increase in interest
rates reduces the present value of future principal payments on
a pool of mortgages. Further, an increase in interest rates also
has a tendency to reduce prepayments, which decelerates, or
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pushes further out in time, the ultimate receipt of the
principal payments. The opposite is true when interest rates
decline.
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Our Financing
Strategy
We intend to fund our pass-through Agency RMBS and certain of
our structured Agency RMBS, such as fixed and floating rate
tranches of CMOs and POs, through short-term repurchase
agreements. However, we do not intend to employ leverage on our
structured Agency RMBS that have no principal balance, such as
IOs and IIOs. We do not intend to use leverage in these
instances because the securities contain structural leverage.
Our borrowings currently consist of short-term borrowings
pursuant to repurchase agreements. We may use other sources of
leverage, such as secured or unsecured debt or issuances of
preferred stock. We do not have a policy limiting the amount of
leverage we may incur. However, we generally expect that the
ratio of our total liabilities compared to our equity, which we
refer to as our leverage ratio, will be less than 12 to 1. Our
amount of leverage may vary depending on market conditions and
other factors that we deem relevant. As of March 31, 2011,
our portfolio leverage ratio was approximately 3.0 to 1. As of
March 31, 2011, we had entered into master repurchase
agreements with two counterparties and had funding in place with
one such counterparty, as described below. We have since entered
into master repurchase agreements with three additional
counterparties (for a total of five) and are currently
negotiating, and intend to enter into, additional master
repurchase agreements with additional counterparties after
completion of this offering to attain additional lending
capacity and to diversify counterparty credit risk. However, we
cannot assure you that we will enter into such additional master
repurchase agreements on favorable terms, or at all.
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Net
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Weighted
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Weighted Average
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Percent of
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Average
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Maturity of
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Total
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Borrowing
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Repurchase
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Counterparty
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Balance
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Borrowings
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Cost
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Agreements in Days
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Amount at
Risk(1)
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MF Global Inc.
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$
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22,530,842
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100
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%
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0.33
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%
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77
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$
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1,673,153
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Equal to the fair value of
securities sold, plus accrued interest income, minus the sum of
repurchase agreement liabilities and accrued interest expense.
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During the three months ended March 31, 2011, the average
balance of our repurchase agreement financing was $22,680,448.
Risk
Management
We invest in Agency RMBS to mitigate credit risk. Additionally,
our Agency RMBS are backed by a diversified base of mortgage
loans to mitigate geographic, loan originator and other types of
concentration risks.
Interest Rate
Risk Management
We believe that the risk of adverse interest rate movements
represents the most significant risk to our portfolio. This risk
arises because (i) the interest rate indices used to
calculate the interest rates on the mortgages underlying our
assets may be different from the interest rate indices used to
calculate the interest rates on the related borrowings, and
(ii) interest rate movements affecting our borrowings may
not be reasonably correlated with interest rate movements
affecting our assets. We attempt to mitigate our interest rate
risk by using the following techniques:
Agency RMBS Backed by ARMs. We seek to
minimize the differences between interest rate indices and
interest rate adjustment periods of our Agency RMBS backed by
ARMs and related borrowings. At the time of funding, we
typically align (i) the underlying interest rate index used
to calculate interest rates for our Agency RMBS backed by ARMs
and the related borrowings and (ii) the interest rate
adjustment periods for our Agency RMBS backed by ARMs and the
interest rate adjustment periods for our related borrowings. As
our borrowings mature or are renewed, we may
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adjust the index used to calculate interest expense, the
duration of the reset periods and the maturities of our
borrowings.
Agency RMBS Backed by Fixed-Rate
Mortgages. As interest rates rise, our
borrowing costs increase; however, the income on our Agency RMBS
backed by fixed-rate mortgages remains unchanged. Subject to
qualifying and maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we may
seek to limit increases to our borrowing costs through the use
of interest rate swap or cap agreements, options, put or call
agreements, futures contracts, forward rate agreements or
similar financial instruments to effectively convert our
floating-rate borrowings into fixed-rate borrowings.
Agency RMBS Backed by Hybrid
ARMs. During the fixed-rate period of our
Agency RMBS backed by hybrid ARMs, the security is similar to
Agency RMBS backed by fixed-rate mortgages. During this period,
subject to qualifying and maintaining our qualification as a
REIT, we may employ the same hedging strategy that we employ for
our Agency RMBS backed by fixed-rate mortgages. Once our Agency
RMBS backed by hybrid ARMs convert to floating rate securities,
we may employ the same hedging strategy as we employ for our
Agency RMBS backed by ARMs.
Additionally, our structured Agency RMBS generally exhibit
sensitivities to movements in interest rates different than our
pass-through Agency RMBS. To the extent they do so, our
structured Agency RMBS may protect us against declines in the
market value of our combined portfolio that result from adverse
interest rate movements, although we cannot assure you that this
will be the case.
Prepayment
Risk Management
The risk of mortgage prepayments is another significant risk to
our portfolio. When prevailing interest rates fall below the
coupon rate of a mortgage, mortgage prepayments are likely to
increase. Conversely, when prevailing interest rates increase
above the coupon rate of a mortgage, mortgage prepayments are
likely to decrease.
When prepayment rates increase, we may not be able to reinvest
the money received from prepayments at yields comparable to
those of the securities prepaid. Also, some ARMs and hybrid ARMs
which back our Agency RMBS may bear initial teaser
interest rates that are lower than their fully-indexed interest
rates. If these mortgages are prepaid during this
teaser period, we may lose the opportunity to
receive interest payments at the higher, fully-indexed rate over
the expected life of the security. Additionally, some of our
structured Agency RMBS, such as IOs and IIOs, may be negatively
affected by an increase in prepayment rates because their value
is wholly contingent on the underlying mortgage loans having an
outstanding principal balance.
A decrease in prepayment rates may also have an adverse effect
on our portfolio. For example, if we invest in POs, the purchase
price of such securities will be based, in part, on an assumed
level of prepayments on the underlying mortgage loan. Because
the returns on POs decrease the longer it takes the principal
payments on the underlying loans to be paid, a decrease in
prepayment rates could decrease our returns on these securities.
Prepayment risk also affects our hedging activities. When an
Agency RMBS backed by a fixed-rate mortgage or hybrid ARM is
acquired with borrowings, we may cap or fix our borrowing costs
for a period close to the anticipated average life of the
fixed-rate portion of the related Agency RMBS. If prepayment
rates are different than our projections, the term of the
related hedging instrument may not match the fixed-rate portion
of the security, which could cause us to incur losses.
Because our business may be adversely affected if prepayment
rates are different than our projections, we seek to invest in
Agency RMBS backed by mortgages with well-documented and
predictable prepayment histories. To protect against increases
in prepayment rates, we invest in Agency RMBS backed by
mortgages that we believe are less likely to be prepaid. For
example, we invest in Agency RMBS backed by mortgages
(i) with loan balances low enough such that a borrower
would likely have little incentive to refinance,
(ii) extended to borrowers with credit histories weak
enough to not be eligible to refinance their mortgage loans,
(iii) that are newly originated fixed-rate or
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hybrid ARMs or (iv) that have interest rates low enough
such that a borrower would likely have little incentive to
refinance. To protect against decreases in prepayment rates, we
may also invest in Agency RMBS backed by mortgages with
characteristics opposite to those described above, which would
typically be more likely to be refinanced. We may also invest in
certain types of structured Agency RMBS as a means of mitigating
our portfolio-wide prepayment risks. For example, certain
tranches of CMOs are less sensitive to increases in prepayment
rates, and we may invest in those tranches as a means of hedging
against increases in prepayment rates.
Liquidity
Management Strategy
Because of our use of leverage, we manage liquidity to meet our
lenders margin calls using the following measures:
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Maintaining cash balances or unencumbered assets well in excess
of anticipated margin calls; and
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Making margin calls on our lenders when we have an excess of
collateral pledged against our borrowings.
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We also attempt to minimize the number of margin calls we
receive by:
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Deploying capital from our leveraged Agency RMBS portfolio to
our unleveraged Agency RMBS portfolio;
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Investing in Agency RMBS backed by mortgages that we believe are
less likely to be prepaid to decrease the risk of excessive
margin calls when monthly prepayments are announced. Prepayments
are declared, and the market value of the related security
declines, before the receipt of the related cash flows.
Prepayment declarations give rise to a temporary collateral
deficiency and generally results in margin calls by lenders;
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Obtaining funding arrangements which defer or waive
prepayment-related margin requirements in exchange for payments
to the lender tied to the dollar amount of the collateral
deficiency and a pre-determined interest rate; and
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Reducing our overall amount of leverage.
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Investment
Committee and Investment Guidelines
Our Manager will establish an investment committee, which will
initially consist of Messrs. Cauley and Haas, each of whom
are directors or officers of our Manager. From time to time the
investment committee may propose revisions to our investment
guidelines, which will be subject to the approval of our Board
of Directors. We expect that the investment committee will meet
monthly to discuss diversification of our investment portfolio,
hedging and financing strategies and compliance with the
investment guidelines. Our Board of Directors intends to receive
an investment report and review our investment portfolio and
related compliance with the investment guidelines on at least a
quarterly basis. Our Board of Directors will not review or
approve individual investments unless the investment is outside
our operating policies or investment guidelines.
Our Board of Directors has approved the following investment
guidelines:
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no investment shall be made in any non-Agency RMBS;
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at the end of each quarterly period, our leverage ratio may not
exceed 12 to 1. In the event that our leverage inadvertently
exceeds the leverage ratio of 12 to 1 at the end of a quarterly
period, we may not utilize additional leverage without prior
approval from our Board of Directors until our leverage ratio is
below 12 to 1;
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no leverage on structured Agency RMBS that have no principal
balance, such as IOs and IIOs, because such securities already
contain structural leverage.
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no investment shall be made that would cause us to fail to
qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and
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no investment shall be made that would cause us to register as
an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
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The investment committee may change these investment guidelines
at any time with the approval of our Board of Directors but
without any approval from our stockholders.
Repurchase
Agreement Trading, Clearing and Administrative
Services
We have engaged AVM, L.P. (a securities broker-dealer) to
provide us with repurchase agreement trading, clearing and
administrative services. AVM, L.P. acts as our clearing agent
and adviser in arranging for third parties to enter into
repurchase agreements with us, executes and maintains records of
our repurchase transactions and assists in managing the margin
arrangements between us and our counterparties for each of our
repurchase agreements.
Policies With
Respect to Certain Other Activities
If our Board of Directors determines that additional funding is
required, we may raise such funds through additional offerings
of equity or debt securities, the retention of cash flow
(subject to the REIT provisions in the Code concerning
distribution requirements and the taxability of undistributed
REIT taxable income), other funds from debt financing, including
repurchase agreements, or a combination of these methods. In the
event that our Board of Directors determines to raise additional
equity capital, it has the authority, without stockholder
approval, to issue additional common stock or preferred stock in
any manner and on such terms and for such consideration as it
deems appropriate, at any time.
We have authority to offer our common stock or other equity or
debt securities in exchange for property and to repurchase or
otherwise reacquire our shares and may engage in such activities
in the future.
We may, but do not intend to, make loans to third parties or
underwrite securities of other issuers or invest in the
securities of other issuers for the purpose of exercising
control.
Subject to qualifying and maintaining our qualifications as a
REIT, we may, but do not intend to, invest in securities of
other REITs, other entities engaged in real estate activities or
securities of other issuers, including for the purpose of
exercising control over such entities.
Subject to applicable law, our Board of Directors may change any
of these policies, as well as our investment guidelines, without
prior notice to you or a vote of our stockholders.
Custodian
Bank
J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. serves as our custodian bank.
J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. is entitled to fees for
its services.
Tax
Structure
We will elect and intend to qualify to be taxed as a REIT
commencing with our short taxable year ending December 31,
2011. Our qualification as a REIT, and the maintenance of such
qualification, will depend upon our ability to meet, on a
continuing basis, various complex requirements under the Code
relating to, among other things, the sources of our gross
income, the composition and values of our assets, our
distribution levels and the concentration of ownership of our
capital stock. We believe that we will be organized in
conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation
as a REIT under the Code, and we intend to operate in a manner
that will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification
and taxation as a REIT commencing with our short taxable year
ending December 31, 2011. In connection with this offering,
we will receive an opinion from Hunton & Williams LLP
to the effect that we will be organized in conformity with the
requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the
Code, and that our intended method of operation will enable us
to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a
REIT.
As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal
income tax on the REIT taxable income that we currently
distribute to our stockholders, but taxable income generated by
any TRS that
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we may form or acquire will be subject to federal, state and
local income tax. Under the Code, REITs are subject to numerous
organizational and operational requirements, including a
requirement that they distribute annually at least 90% of their
REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction
for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gains. If we
fail to qualify as a REIT in any calendar year and do not
qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, our income
would be subject to U.S. federal income tax, and we would
likely be precluded from qualifying for treatment as a REIT
until the fifth calendar year following the year in which we
failed to qualify. Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may still be
subject to certain federal, state and local taxes on our income
and assets and to U.S. federal income and excise taxes on
our undistributed income.
Investment
Company Act Exemption
We operate our business so that we are exempt from registration
under the Investment Company Act. We rely on the exemption
provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company
Act. In order to rely on the exemption provided by
Section 3(c)(5)(C), we must maintain at least 55% of our
assets in qualifying real estate assets. For the purposes of
this test, structured Agency RMBS are non-qualifying real estate
assets. We monitor our portfolio periodically and prior to each
investment to confirm that we continue to qualify for the
exemption. To qualify for the exemption, we make investments so
that at least 55% of the assets we own on an unconsolidated
basis consist of qualifying mortgages and other liens on and
interests in real estate, which we refer to as qualifying real
estate assets, and so that at least 80% of the assets we own on
an unconsolidated basis consist of real estate-related assets,
including our qualifying real estate assets.
We treat whole-pool pass-through Agency RMBS as qualifying real
estate assets based on no-action letters issued by the Staff of
the SEC. To the extent that the SEC publishes new or different
guidance with respect to these matters, we may fail to qualify
for this exemption. Our Manager intends to manage our
pass-through Agency RMBS portfolio such that we will have
sufficient whole-pool pass-through Agency RMBS to ensure we
maintain our exemption from registration under the Investment
Company Act. At present, we generally do not expect that our
investments in structured Agency RMBS will constitute qualifying
real estate assets but will constitute real estate-related
assets for purposes of the Investment Company Act.
Competition
When we invest in Agency RMBS and other investment assets, we
compete with a variety of institutional investors, including
other REITs, insurance companies, mutual funds, pension funds,
investment banking firms, banks and other financial institutions
that invest in the same types of assets. Many of these investors
have greater financial resources and access to lower costs of
capital than we do. The existence of these competitive entities,
as well as the possibility of additional entities forming in the
future, may increase the competition for the acquisition of
mortgage related securities, resulting in higher prices and
lower yields on assets.
Employees
We have no employees.
Properties
We do not own any properties. Our offices are located at 3305
Flamingo Drive, Vero Beach, Florida 32963 and the telephone
number of our offices is (772) 231-1400. Bimini owns these
offices. This property is adequate for our business as currently
conducted.
Legal
Proceedings
There are no legal proceedings pending or threatened involving
Orchid Island Capital, Inc. as of March 31, 2011.
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OUR MANAGER AND
THE MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT
Our
Manager
We are currently managed by Bimini. Upon completion of this
offering, we will be externally managed and advised by Bimini
Advisors, Inc., or our Manager, pursuant to the terms of a
management agreement. Our Manager is a newly-formed Maryland
corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Bimini. Our Manager
will be responsible for administering our business activities
and
day-to-day
operations, subject to the supervision and oversight of our
Board of Directors. Members of Biminis and our
Managers senior management team will also serve as our
executive officers. We will not have any employees.
Officers of Our
Manager
Biographical information for each of the executive officers of
our Manager is set forth below.
Robert E. Cauley, CFA has been our Chairman, President
and Chief Executive Officer since August 2010 and is the
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of our Manager.
Mr. Cauley co-founded Bimini Capital in 2003 and has served
as its Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of
Directors since 2008. He served as Vice-Chairman, Chief
Financial Officer and Chief Investment Officer prior to 2008.
Prior to co-founding Bimini Capital in 2003, Mr. Cauley was
a vice-president and portfolio manager at Federated Investors in
Pittsburgh from 1996 to 2003. Prior to 1996, Mr. Cauley was
a member of the ABS/MBS structuring desk at Lehman Brothers from
1994 to 1996 and a credit analyst at Barclays Bank, PLC from
1992 to 1994. Mr. Cauley is a CPA (inactive status) and
served in the United States Marine Corps for four years. We
believe that Mr. Cauley should serve as a member of our Board of
Directors due to his experience managing a publicly-traded REIT
and his career as a RMBS portfolio manager.
G. Hunter Haas, IV has been our Chief Financial
Officer and Chief Investment Officer since August 2010 and has
served on our Board of Directors since August 2010.
Mr. Haas is the President, Chief Investment Officer and
Chief Financial Officer of our Manager. Mr. Haas has been
the President, Chief Investment Officer and Chief Financial
Officer of Bimini since 2008. Prior to assuming those roles with
Bimini, he was a Senior Vice President and Head of Research and
Trading. Mr. Haas joined Bimini in April 2004 as Vice
President and Head of Mortgage Research. He has over
10 years experience in this industry and has managed
trading operations for the portfolio since his arrival in May
2004. Mr. Haas has approximately seven years experience as
a member of senior management of a public REIT. Prior to joining
Bimini, Mr. Haas worked in the mortgage industry as a
member of a team responsible for hedging a servicing portfolio
at both National City Mortgage and Homeside Lending, Inc. We
believe that Mr. Haas should serve as a member of our Board of
Directors due to his experience as the Chief Financial Officer
of a publicly-traded REIT and his experience in the mortgage
industry.
Our Management
Agreement
We are currently a party to a management agreement with Bimini.
Upon completion of this offering, we will terminate our
management agreement with Bimini and enter into a new management
agreement with our Manager pursuant to which our Manager will be
responsible for administering our business activities and
day-to-day
operations, subject to the supervision and oversight of our
Board of Directors. The material terms of the management
agreement are described below.
Management
Services
The management agreement requires our Manager to oversee our
business affairs in conformity with our operating policies and
investment guidelines. Our Manager at all times will be subject
to the supervision and direction of our Board of Directors, the
terms and conditions of the management agreement and such
further limitations or parameters as may be imposed from time to
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time by our Board of Directors. Our Manager is responsible for
(i) the selection, purchase and sale of assets in our
investment portfolio, (ii) our financing and hedging
activities and (iii) providing us with investment advisory
services. Our Manager is responsible for our
day-to-day
operations and will perform such services and activities
relating to our assets and operations as may be appropriate,
including, without limitation:
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forming and maintaining our investment committee, which will
have the following responsibilities: (A) proposing the
investment guidelines to the Board of Directors,
(B) reviewing the Companys investment portfolio for
compliance with the investment guidelines on a monthly basis,
(C) reviewing the investment guidelines adopted by our
Board of Directors on a periodic basis, (D) reviewing the
diversification of the Companys investment portfolio and
the Companys hedging and financing strategies on a monthly
basis, and (E) generally be responsible for conducting or
overseeing the provision of the management services;
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serving as our consultant with respect to the periodic review of
our investments, borrowings and operations and other policies
and recommendations with respect thereto, including, without
limitation, the investment guidelines, in each case subject to
the approval of our Board of Directors;
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serving as our consultant with respect to the selection,
purchase, monitoring and disposition of our investments;
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serving as our consultant with respect to decisions regarding
any financings, hedging activities or borrowings undertaken by
us, including (1) assisting us in developing criteria for
debt and equity financing that is specifically tailored to our
investment objectives and (2) advising us with respect to
obtaining appropriate financing for our investments;
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purchasing and financing investments on our behalf;
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providing us with portfolio management;
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engaging and supervising, on our behalf and at our expense,
independent contractors that provide real estate, investment
banking, securities brokerage, insurance, legal, accounting,
transfer agent, registrar and such other services as may be
required relating to our operations or investments (or potential
investments);
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providing executive and administrative personnel, office space
and office services required in rendering services to us;
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performing and supervising the performance of administrative
functions necessary to our management as may be agreed upon by
our Manager and our Board of Directors, including, without
limitation, the collection of revenues and the payment of our
debts and obligations and maintenance of appropriate information
technology services to perform such administrative functions;
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communicating on behalf of the Company with the holders of any
equity or debt securities of the Company as required to satisfy
the reporting and other requirements of any governmental bodies
or agencies or trading exchanges or markets and to maintain
effective relations with such holders, including website
maintenance, logo design, analyst presentations, investor
conferences and annual meeting arrangements;
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counseling us in connection with policy decisions to be made by
our Board of Directors;
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evaluating and recommending to us hedging strategies and
engaging in hedging activities on our behalf, consistent with
our qualification and maintenance of our qualification as a REIT
and with the investment guidelines;
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counseling us regarding our qualification and maintenance of
qualification as a REIT and monitoring compliance with the
various REIT qualification tests and other rules set out in the
Code and U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder;
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counseling us regarding the maintenance of our exemption from
status as an investment company under the Investment Company Act
and monitoring compliance with the requirements for maintaining
such exemption;
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furnishing reports and statistical and economic research to us
regarding the activities and services performed for us by our
Manager;
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monitoring the operating performance of our investments and
providing periodic reports with respect thereto to our Board of
Directors, including comparative information with respect to
such operating performance and budgeted or projected operating
results;
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investing and re-investing any of our cash and securities
(including in short-term investments, payment of fees, costs and
expenses, or payments of dividends or distributions to
stockholders and partners of the Company) and advising us as to
our capital structure and capital-raising activities;
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causing us to retain qualified accountants and legal counsel, as
applicable, to (i) assist in developing appropriate
accounting procedures, compliance procedures and testing systems
with respect to financial reporting obligations and compliance
with the provisions of the Code applicable to REITs and, if
applicable, TRSs and (ii) conduct quarterly compliance
reviews with respect thereto;
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causing us to qualify to do business in all jurisdictions in
which such qualification is required and to obtain and maintain
all appropriate licenses;
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assisting us in complying with all applicable regulatory
requirements in respect of our business activities, including
preparing or causing to be prepared all financial statements
required under applicable regulations and contractual
undertakings and all reports and documents, if any, required
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the
Exchange Act, or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the
Securities Act, or by the NYSE or other stock exchange
requirements as applicable;
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taking all necessary actions to enable us to make required tax
filings and reports, including soliciting stockholders for
required information to the extent necessary under the Code and
U.S. Treasury regulations applicable to REITs;
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handling and resolving all claims, disputes or controversies
(including all litigation, arbitration, settlement or other
proceedings or negotiations) in which the Company may be
involved or to which the Company may be subject arising out of
the Companys
day-to-day
operations;
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arranging marketing materials, advertising, industry group
activities (such as conference participations and industry
organization memberships) and other promotional efforts designed
to promote our business;
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using commercially reasonable efforts to cause expenses incurred
by or on our behalf to be commercially reasonable or
commercially customary and within any budgeted parameters or
expense guidelines set by our Board of Directors from time to
time;
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performing such other services as may be required from time to
time for the management and other activities relating to our
assets and business as our Board of Directors shall reasonably
request or our Manager shall deem appropriate under the
particular circumstances; and
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using commercially reasonable efforts to cause us to comply with
all applicable laws.
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Pursuant to the terms of the management agreement, our Manager
will provide us with a management team, including our Chief
Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Investment
Officer or similar positions, along with appropriate support
personnel to provide the management services to be provided by
our Manager to us as described in the management agreement. None
of the officers or employees of our Manager will be exclusively
dedicated to us.
Our Manager has not assumed any responsibility other than to
render the services called for under the management agreement in
good faith and is not responsible for any action of our Board of
Directors in following or declining to follow its advice or
recommendations, including as set forth in the investment
guidelines. Our Manager and its affiliates, and the directors,
officers, employees, members and stockholders of our Manager and
its affiliates, will not be liable to us, our Board of Directors
or our stockholders for any acts or omissions performed in
accordance with and pursuant to the management agreement, except
by reason of acts constituting bad faith, willful misconduct,
gross negligence or reckless disregard of their respective
duties under the management agreement. We have agreed to
indemnify our Manager and its affiliates, and the directors,
officers, employees, members and stockholders of our Manager and
its affiliates, with respect to all expenses, losses, damages,
liabilities, demands, charges and claims in respect of or
arising from any acts or omissions of our Manager, its
affiliates, and the directors, officers, employees, members and
stockholders of our Manager and its affiliates, performed in
good faith under the management agreement and not constituting
bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless
disregard of their respective duties. Our Manager has agreed to
indemnify us and our directors, officers and stockholders with
respect to all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands,
charges and claims in respect of or arising from any acts or
omissions of our Manager constituting bad faith, willful
misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its duties
under the management agreement. Our Manager will maintain
reasonable and customary errors and omissions and
other customary insurance coverage upon the completion of this
offering.
Our Manager is required to refrain from any action that, in its
sole judgment made in good faith, (i) is not in compliance
with the investment guidelines, (ii) would adversely affect
our qualification as a REIT under the Code or our status as an
entity exempted from investment company status under the
Investment Company Act, or (iii) would violate any law,
rule or regulation of any governmental body or agency having
jurisdiction over us or of any exchange on which our securities
are listed or that would otherwise not be permitted by our
charter or bylaws. If our Manager is ordered to take any action
by our Board of Directors, our Manager will notify our Board of
Directors if it is our Managers judgment that such action
would adversely affect such status or violate any such law, rule
or regulation or our charter or bylaws. Our Manager, its
directors, officers or members will not be liable to us, our
Board of Directors or our stockholders for any act or omission
by our Manager, its directors, officers or stockholders except
as provided in the management agreement.
Term and
Termination
The management agreement has an initial term expiring
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2014. The management agreement will be automatically renewed for
one-year terms thereafter unless terminated by either us or our
Manager. The management agreement does not limit the number of
renewal terms. Either we or our Manager may elect not to renew
the management agreement upon the expiration of the initial term
of the management agreement or upon the expiration of any
automatic renewal terms, both upon 180 days prior
written notice to our Manager or us. Any decision by us to not
renew the management agreement must be approved by the majority
of our independent directors. If we choose not to renew the
management agreement, we will pay our Manager a termination fee,
upon expiration, equal to three times the average annual
management fee earned by our Manager during the prior
24-month
period immediately preceding the most recently completed
calendar quarter prior to the effective date of termination. We
may only elect not to renew the management agreement without
cause with the consent of the majority of our independent
directors. If we elect not to renew the management agreement
without cause, we may not, without the consent of our Manager,
employ any employee of the Manager or any of its affiliates, or
any person who has been employed by our
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Manager or any of its affiliates at any time within the two year
period immediately preceding the date on which the person
commences employment with us during the term of the management
agreement and for two years after its expiration or termination.
In addition, following any termination of the management
agreement, we must pay our Manager all compensation accruing to
the date of termination. Neither we nor our Manager may assign
the management agreement in whole or in part to a third party
without the written consent of the other party, except that our
Manager may delegate the performance of any its responsibilities
to an affiliate so long as our Manager remains liable for such
affiliates performance.
Furthermore, if we decide not to renew the management agreement
without cause as a result of the determination by the majority
of our independent directors that the management fee is unfair,
our Manager may agree to perform its management services at fees
the majority of our Board of Directors determine to be fair, and
the management agreement will not terminate. Our Manager may
give us notice that it wishes to renegotiate the fees, in which
case we and our Manager must negotiate in good faith, and if we
cannot agree on a revised fee structure at the end of the
60-day
negotiation period following our receipt of our Managers
intent to renegotiate, the agreement will terminate, and we must
pay the termination fees described above.
We may also terminate the management agreement with
30 days prior written notice for cause, without
paying the termination fee, if any of the following events
occur, which will be determined by a majority of our independent
directors:
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our Managers fraud, misappropriation of funds or
embezzlement against us or gross negligence (including such
action or inaction by our Manager which materially impairs our
ability to conduct our business);
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our Manager fails to provide adequate or appropriate personnel
that are reasonably necessary for our Manager to identify
investment opportunities for us and to manage and develop our
investment portfolio if such default continues uncured for a
period of 60 days after written notice thereof, which
notice must contain a request that the same be remedied;
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a material breach of any provision of the management agreement
(including the failure of our Manager to use reasonable efforts
to comply with the investment guidelines) if such default
continues uncured for a period of 30 days after written
notice thereof, which notice must contain a request that the
same be remedied;
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our Manager or Bimini commences any proceeding relating to its
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or relief of debtors or
there is commenced against our Manager or Bimini any such
proceeding;
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our Manager is convicted (including a plea of nolo
contendre) of a felony;
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a change of control (as defined in the management agreement) of
our Manager or Bimini;
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the departure of both Mr. Cauley and Mr. Haas from the
senior management of our Manager during the initial term of the
management agreement; or
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the dissolution of our Manager.
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Management Fee
and Reimbursement of Expenses
We do not intend to employ personnel. As a result, we will rely
on our Manager to administer our business activities and
day-to-day
operations. The management fee is payable monthly in arrears in
cash. The management fee is intended to reimburse our Manager
for providing personnel to provide certain services to us as
described above in Management Services.
Our Manager may also be entitled to certain monthly expense
reimbursements described below.
Management Fee. The management fee will be
payable monthly in arrears in an amount equal to 1/12th of (a)
1.50% of the first $250,000,000 of our equity (as defined
below), (b) 1.25% of
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our equity that is greater than $250,000,000 and less than or
equal to $500,000,000, and (c) 1.00% of our equity that is
greater than $500,000,000.
Equity equals our month-end stockholders
equity, adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains
or losses included in either retained earnings or other
comprehensive income (loss), as computed in accordance with GAAP.
Our Manager will calculate each monthly installment of the
management fee within 15 days after the end of each
calendar month, and we will pay the monthly management fee with
respect to each calendar month within five business days
following the delivery to us of our Managers statement
setting forth the computation of the monthly management fee for
such month.
Under our existing management agreement with Bimini, which will
be terminated upon the completion of this offering and replaced
by a new management agreement with our Manager, we paid Bimini
aggregate management fees of $5,500 for the period beginning on
November 24, 2010 (date operations commenced) to
December 31, 2010, and we paid Bimini aggregate management
fees of $20,900 for the three months ended March 31, 2011.
Reimbursement of Expenses. We will pay, or
reimburse our Manager, for all of our operating expenses. We
will not have any employees and will not pay our officers any
cash or non-cash equity compensation. Pursuant to the terms of
the management agreement, (i) we are not responsible for
the salaries, benefits or other employment related expenses of
our and our Managers officers and any Bimini employees
that provide services to us under the management agreement
(other than the compensation of our Chief Financial Officer) and
(ii) our Manager will pay the offering expenses that exceed
an amount equal to 1.0% of the total gross proceeds from this
offering. The costs and expenses required to be paid by us
include, but are not limited to:
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costs incurred in connection with this offering of our common
stock up to an amount equal to 1.0% of the total gross proceeds
from this offering;
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transaction costs incident to the acquisition, disposition and
financing of our investments;
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expenses incurred in contracting with third parties;
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our allocable share of the compensation of our Chief Financial
Officer based on our percentage of the aggregate amount of our
Managers assets under management and Biminis assets;
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external legal, auditing, accounting, consulting, investor
relations and administrative fees and expenses, including in
connection with this offering of our common stock;
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the compensation and expenses of our directors (excluding those
directors who are employees of Bimini) and the cost of liability
insurance to indemnify our directors and officers;
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all other insurance costs including (A) liability or other
insurance to indemnify (1) our Manager,
(2) underwriters of any securities of the Company,
(B) errors and omissions insurance coverage and
(C) any other insurance deemed necessary or advisable by
our Board of Directors for the benefit of the Company and our
directors and officers;
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the costs associated with our establishment and maintenance of
any repurchase agreement facilities and other indebtedness
(including commitment fees, accounting fees, legal fees, closing
costs and similar expenses);
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expenses associated with other securities offerings by us;
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expenses relating to the payment of dividends;
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costs incurred by personnel of our Manager for travel on our
behalf;
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expenses connected with communications to holders of our
securities and in complying with the continuous reporting and
other requirements of the SEC and other governmental bodies;
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transfer agent and exchange listing fees;
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the costs of printing and mailing proxies and reports to our
stockholders;
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our pro rata portion (based on our percentage of the aggregate
amount of our Managers assets under management and
Biminis assets) of costs associated with any computer
software, hardware or information technology services that are
used by us;
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our pro rata portion (based on our percentage of the aggregate
amount of our Managers assets under management and
Biminis assets) of the costs and expenses incurred with
respect to market information systems and publications, research
publications and materials used by us;
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settlement, clearing, and custodial fees and expenses relating
to us;
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the costs of maintaining compliance with all federal, state and
local rules and regulations or any other regulatory agency (as
such costs relate to us), all taxes and license fees and all
insurance costs incurred on behalf of us;
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the costs of administering any of our incentive plans; and
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our pro rata portion (based on our percentage of the aggregate
amount of our Managers assets under management and
Biminis assets) of rent (including disaster recovery
facility costs and expenses), telephone, utilities, office
furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and
overhead expenses of our Manager and its affiliates required for
our operations.
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Under our existing management agreement with Bimini, which will
be terminated upon the completion of this offering and replaced
by a new management agreement with our Manager, we reimbursed
Bimini an aggregate of $7,200 in expenses for the period
beginning on November 24, 2010 (date operations commenced)
to December 31, 2010, and we reimbursed Bimini an aggregate
of $21,600 in expenses for the three months ended March 31,
2011.
Assuming aggregate net proceeds from this offering and the
concurrent private placement of warrants for approximately
$81.7 million and no additional increases or decreases in
our stockholders equity, we will pay our Manager
management fees equal to approximately $1.45 million during
the first 12 months after the completion of this offering and
the concurrent private placement.
Payments by the
Manager to the Underwriters
Pursuant to the underwriting agreement among the underwriters,
our Manager, Bimini and us, our Manager will pay the
underwriters $ per share with
respect to each share of common stock sold in this offering on a
deferred basis after the completion of this offering. Our
Manager will pay the underwriters all of the management fees it
receives from us each month until it has paid the underwriters
an aggregate amount of $ .
Overhead Sharing
Agreement
Our Manager will enter into an overhead sharing agreement with
Bimini effective upon the closing of this offering. Pursuant to
this agreement, our Manager will be provided with access to,
among other things, Biminis portfolio management, asset
valuation, risk management and asset management services as well
as administration services addressing accounting, financial
reporting, legal, compliance, investor relations and information
technologies necessary for the performance of our Managers
duties in exchange for a reimbursement of the Managers
allocable cost for these services. The reimbursement paid by our
Manager pursuant to this agreement will not constitute an
expense under the management agreement.
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Conflicts of
Interest; Equitable Allocation of Opportunities
Bimini invests solely in Agency RMBS and, because it is
internally-managed, does not pay a management fee. Additionally,
Bimini currently receives management fees from us and, as the
sole stockholder of our Manager, will indirectly receive the
management fees earned by our Manager through payments under the
overhead sharing agreement and our Managers payment of
dividends to Bimini. Our Manager may in the future manage other
funds, accounts and investment vehicles that have strategies
that are similar to our strategy, although our Manager currently
does not manage any other funds, accounts or investment
vehicles. Our Manager and Bimini make available to us
opportunities to acquire assets that they determine, in their
reasonable and good faith judgment, based on our objectives,
policies and strategies, and other relevant factors, are
appropriate for us in accordance with their written investment
allocation procedures and policies, subject to the exception
that we might not be offered each such opportunity, but will on
an overall basis equitably participate with Bimini and our
Managers other accounts in all such opportunities when
considered together. Bimini and our Manager have agreed not to
sponsor another REIT that has substantially the same investment
strategy as Bimini or us prior to the earlier of (i) the
termination or expiration of the management agreement or (ii)
our Manager no longer being a subsidiary or affiliate of Bimini.
Because many of our targeted assets are typically available only
in specified quantities and because many of our targeted assets
are also targeted assets for Bimini and may be targeted assets
for other accounts our Manager may manage in the future, neither
Bimini nor our Manager may be able to buy as much of any given
asset as required to satisfy the needs of Bimini, us and any
other account our Manager may manage in the future. In these
cases, our Managers and Biminis investment
allocation procedures and policies will typically allocate such
assets to multiple accounts in proportion to their needs and
available capital. The policies will permit departure from such
proportional allocation when (i) allocating purchases of
whole-pool Agency RMBS, because those securities cannot be
divided into multiple parts to be allocated among various
accounts, and (ii) such allocation would result in an
inefficiently small amount of the security being purchased for
an account. In these cases, the policy allows for a protocol of
allocating assets so that, on an overall basis, each account is
treated equitably. Specifically, our investment allocation
procedures and policies stipulate that we will base our
allocation of investment opportunities on the following factors:
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the primary investment strategy and the stage of portfolio
development of each account;
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the effect of the potential investment on the diversification of
each accounts portfolio by coupon, purchase price, size,
prepayment characteristics and leverage;
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the cash requirements of each account;
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the anticipated cash flow of each accounts portfolio; and
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the amount of funds available to each account and the length of
time such funds have been available for investment.
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On a quarterly basis, our independent directors will review with
our Manager its allocation decisions, if any, and discuss with
our Manager the portfolio needs of each account for the next
quarter and whether such needs will give rise to an asset
allocation conflict and, if so, the potential resolution of such
conflict.
Other policies of Bimini and our Manager that will apply to the
management of the Company include controls for:
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Cross transactions defined as transactions between
us or one of our subsidiaries, if any, on the one hand, and an
account (other than us or one of our subsidiaries, if any)
managed by our Manager, on the other hand. It is our
Managers policy to engage in a cross transaction only when
the transaction is in the best interests of, and is consistent
with the objectives and policies of, both accounts involved in
the transaction. Our Manager may enter into cross transactions
where it acts both on our behalf and on behalf of the other
party to
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the transaction. Upon written notice to our Manager, we may at
any time revoke our consent to our Managers executing
cross transactions. Additionally, unless approved in advance by
a majority of our independent directors or pursuant to and in
accordance with a policy that has been approved by a majority of
our independent directors, all cross transactions must be
effected at the then-prevailing market prices. Pursuant to our
Managers current policies and procedures, assets for which
there are no readily observable market prices may be purchased
or sold in cross transactions (i) at prices based upon
third party bids received through auction, (ii) at the
average of the highest bid and lowest offer quoted by third
party dealers or (iii) according to another pricing
methodology approved by our Managers chief compliance
officer.
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Principal transactions defined as transactions
between Bimini or our Manager (or any related party of Bimini or
our Manager, which includes employees of Bimini and our Manager
and their families), on the one hand, and us or one of our
subsidiaries, if any, on the other hand. Certain cross
transactions may also be considered principal transactions
whenever our Manager or Bimini (or any related party of our
Manager or Bimini, which includes employees of our Manager or
Bimini and their families) have a substantial ownership interest
in one of the transacting parties. Our Manager is only
authorized to execute principal transactions with the prior
approval of a majority of our independent directors and in
accordance with applicable law. Such prior approval includes
approval of the pricing methodology to be used, including with
respect to assets for which there are no readily observable
market prices.
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Split price executions pursuant to the management
agreement, our Manager is authorized to combine purchase or sale
orders on our behalf together with orders for Bimini or accounts
managed by our Manager or their affiliates and allocate the
securities or other assets so purchased or sold, on an average
price basis or other fair and consistent basis, among such
accounts.
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To date, we have not entered into any cross transactions;
however, we have entered into one principal transaction and have
conducted split price executions. See Certain
Relationships and Related Transactions Purchases of
Agency RMBS from Bimini, for a description of this
principal transaction. We currently do not anticipate that we
will enter into any
cross-transactions
or principal transactions after the completion of this offering.
We are entirely dependent on our Manager for our
day-to-day
management and do not have any independent officers. Our
executive officers are also executive officers of Bimini and our
Manager, and none of them will devote his time to us
exclusively. We compete with Bimini and will compete with any
other account managed by our Manager or other RMBS investment
vehicles that may be sponsored by Bimini in the future for
access to these individuals.
John B. Van Heuvelen, one of our independent director
nominees, owns shares of common stock of Bimini.
Mr. Cauley, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of our
Board of Directors, also serves as Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board of Directors of Bimini and owns shares of
common stock of Bimini. Mr. Haas, our Chief Financial
Officer, Chief Investment Officer, Secretary and a member of our
Board of Directors, also serves as the Chief Financial Officer,
Chief Investment Officer and Treasurer of Bimini and owns shares
of common stock of Bimini. Accordingly,
Messrs. Van Heuvelen, Cauley and Haas may have a
conflict of interest with respect to actions by our Board of
Directors that relate to Bimini or our Manager.
Because our executive officers are also officers of our Manager,
the terms of our management agreement, including fees payable,
were not negotiated on an arms-length basis, and its terms
may not be as favorable to us as if it was negotiated with an
unaffiliated party.
The management fee we will pay to our Manager will be paid
regardless of our performance and it may not provide sufficient
incentive to our Manager to seek to achieve attractive
risk-adjusted returns for our investment portfolio.
99
OUR
MANAGEMENT
Our Directors and
Executive Officers
Our business, property and affairs are managed under the
direction of our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors is
currently comprised of two directors. We intend to appoint four
additional independent directors to our Board of Directors prior
to the completion of this offering. Upon the expiration of their
terms at the annual meeting of stockholders in 2012, our
directors will be elected to serve a term of one year and until
their successors are duly elected and qualify. Our Board of
Directors is elected by stockholders to oversee our management
in the best interests of the Company. We expect that our Board
of Directors will determine that our three additional directors
will satisfy the listing standards for independence of the NYSE.
Our bylaws will provide that a majority of our entire Board of
Directors may at any time increase or decrease the number of
directors. However, the number of directors may never be less
than one nor, unless our bylaws are amended, more than 15.
We expect that Mr. Cauley will serve as the Chairman of the
Board of Directors and that Mr. Van Heuvelen will serve as
our lead independent director. The following table sets forth
certain information regarding our executive officers and
directors:
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Name
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Age
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Position
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Robert E. Cauley, CFA
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52
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Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board
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G. Hunter Haas, IV
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35
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Secretary, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Investment Officer and
Director
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W Coleman Bitting
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45
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Independent Director Nominee
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John B. Van Heuvelen
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65
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Independent Director Nominee
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Frank P. Filipps
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64
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Independent Director Nominee
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Ava L. Parker
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48
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Independent Director Nominee
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Biographical
Information
For biographical information on Messrs. Cauley and Haas,
see Our Manager and the Management Agreement.
Biographical information for our independent director nominees
is set forth below.
W Coleman Bitting. Mr. Bitting has
agreed to become a director upon completion of this offering and
is expected to be an independent director. Since 2007,
Mr. Bitting has maintained a private consulting practice
focused on REITs. Mr. Bitting was a Founding Partner and
Head of Corporate Finance at Flagstone Securities, a leading
investment bank that specialized in mortgage REITs and finance
companies, from 2000 to 2007. Flagstone managed more than 40
equity offerings raising more than $5 billion of equity
capital. Flagstone helped clients build investment and liability
management practices. Prior to Flagstone, Mr. Bitting held
senior equity research positions at Stifel, Nicholas &
Co. Inc. and Kidder, Peabody & Co., Inc. Due to his
significant capital markets experience and experience analyzing
and advising REITs, we believe Mr. Bitting should serve as
a member of our Board of Directors.
John B. Van Heuvelen. Mr. Van Heuvelen
has agreed to become a director upon completion of this offering
and is expected to be an independent director. Mr. Van
Heuvelen was appointed to the board of Hallador Energy Company
(Nasdaq: HNRG) in September 2009 and serves as the chair of the
audit committee. Mr. Van Heuvelen has been a member of the
board of directors of MasTec, Inc. (NYSE:MTZ) since June 2002
and is currently the lead outside director and serves on their
audit committee. He was chairman of their audit committee and
the financial expert from 2004 to 2009. He also served on the
board of directors of LifeVantage, Inc. (OTC: LFVN) from August
2005 through August 2007. From 1999 to the present, Mr. Van
Heuvelen has been a private equity investor based in Denver,
Colorado. His investment activities have included private
telecom and technology firms, where
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he still remains active. Mr. Van Heuvelen spent
14 years with Morgan Stanley and Dean Witter Reynolds in
various executive positions in the mutual fund, unit investment
trust and municipal bond divisions before serving as president
of Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Trust Company from 1993 until
1999. Due to his significant experience as the audit committee
chairman of two publicly-traded companies as well as his
experience in fixed income investments, we believe Mr. Van
Heuvelen should serve as a member of our Board of Directors.
Frank P. Filipps. Mr. Filipps has agreed
to become a director upon completion of this offering and is
expected to be an independent director. From 2005 to 2008,
Mr. Filipps served as the Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer of Clayton Holdings, Inc., a mortgage services company,
leading it through its initial public offering and listing on
the Nasdaq and subsequent sale. Prior to that, Mr. Filipps
was employed by the Radian Group, Inc., spending two years as
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, one year as
Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer and ten
years as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. In his time with
the Radian Group, Inc., Mr. Filipps led the company through
its initial public offering and listing on the NYSE. Prior to
his tenure with the Radian Group, Inc., Mr. Filipps spent
17 years with American International Group, Inc. (NYSE:
AIG), where he held multiple Vice President-level positions and
was the President, Chief Executive Officer and founder of AIG
Capital Corporation, the first non-insurance financial company
within AIG, which focused on interest rate swaps, foreign
exchange and equity arbitrage and leveraged buyout bridge
financing. Mr. Filipps has served as a director of Impac
Mortgage Holdings, Inc. (NYSE Amex: IMH) since 1995, as a
director and the chair of the nominating and corporate
governance committee of Primus Guaranty, Ltd. (NYSE: PRS) since
2002 and as a director and chairman of the governance committee
of Fortegra Financial Corp. (NYSE: FRF) since 2010. Due to his
financial and business expertise, diversified management
background, extensive experience with real estate-related and
mortgage services companies and experience as a director of
other public companies, we believe Mr. Filipps should serve
as a member of our Board of Directors.
Ava L. Parker. Ms. Parker has agreed to
become a director upon completion of this offering and is
expected to be an independent director. Since 2001,
Ms. Parker has been a partner in the law firm of
Lawrence & Parker, PA, where she serves as bond
counsel and underwriters counsel in connection with
municipal finance transactions as well as assists for-profit and
not-for-profit clients with corporate organization, development
and interpretation of contracts and litigation issues.
Ms. Parker is also the President of Linking Solutions,
Inc., which provides training, technical support and program
management services in the public and private sectors. She has
served as the President of Linking Solutions since 2002. In
2006, Ms. Parker was appointed to the Jacksonville
Transportation Authority Board of Directors, where she is
currently a Board Member and has served as Chairman.
Ms. Parker presently serves as Chairman of the State of
Florida Board of Governors of the State University System. Due
to her experience as a member of a number of private, state and
municipal boards, with complex financial and corporate
transactions and in corporate counseling, we believe
Ms. Parker should serve as a member of our Board of
Directors.
Other
Officers
Jerry Sintes, 45, has served as a Vice President and our
Treasurer since August 2010. Mr. Sintes has also served as
a Vice President and Controller of Bimini since October 2007.
From January 2005 to October 2007, Mr. Sintes was Vice
President and Assistant Controller of Riverside National Bank of
Florida. Prior to that, he served as Chief Financial Officer of
GS Financial Corp. and its subsidiary, Guaranty Savings and
Homestead Association from May 2003 to December 2005 and in
various positions at Bain, Freibaum, Sagona & Co.,
LLP, from September 1992 to May 2003 and Whitney National Bank
from May 1988 to September 1992. A graduate of Louisiana State
University, Mr. Sintes holds a Bachelor of Science degree
in Accounting and is a Certified Public Accountant. He is also a
member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
101
Board
Committees
Upon completion of this offering, our Board of Directors will
establish three standing committees: the Audit Committee, the
Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee. The following table reflects the
composition of each of the committees upon completion of this
offering:
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Audit Committee
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Compensation Committee
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Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee
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John B. Van Heuvelen
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W Coleman Bitting
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Ava L. Parker
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Frank P. Filipps
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Frank P. Filipps
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Frank P. Filipps
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Ava L. Parker
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John B. Van Heuvelen
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W Coleman Bitting
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Audit
Committee
Mr. Van Heuvelen will chair our audit committee and the
Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Van Heuvelen
qualifies as the audit committee financial expert,
as that term is defined by the SEC. The Board of Directors has
also determined that each of Frank P. Filipps and Ava L. Parker
are independent as independence is defined in
Rule 10A-3
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and under
the NYSE listing standards. The committee assists our Board of
Directors in overseeing:
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our accounting and financial reporting processes;
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the integrity and audits of our financial statements;
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our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements;
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the qualifications and independence of our independent
registered public accounting firm; and
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the performance of our independent registered public accounting
firm and any internal auditors.
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The committee is also responsible for engaging our independent
registered public accounting firm, reviewing with the
independent registered public accounting firm the plans and
results of the audit engagement, approving professional services
provided by the independent registered public accounting firm,
reviewing the independence of the independent registered public
accounting firm, considering the range of audit and non-audit
fees and reviewing the adequacy of our internal accounting
controls.
Compensation
Committee
Mr. Bitting will chair the compensation committee, the
principal functions of which are to:
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evaluate the performance of our Manager;
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review the compensation and fees payable to our Manager under
our management agreement; and
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administer the issuance of any stock to the employees of our
Manager who provide services to us.
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Nominating and
Corporate Governance Committee
Ms. Parker will chair the nominating and corporate
governance committee, which is responsible for seeking,
considering and recommending to our full Board of Directors
qualified candidates for election as directors and recommending
a slate of nominees for election as directors at the annual
meeting of stockholders. It also periodically prepares and
submits to our Board of Directors for adoption the
committees selection criteria for director nominees. It
reviews and makes
102
recommendations on matters involving the general operation of
our Board of Directors and our corporate governance, and
annually recommends to our Board of Directors nominees for each
committee of our Board of Directors. In addition, the committee
annually facilitates the assessment of our Board of
Directors performance as a whole and of the individual
directors and reports thereon to our Board of Directors.
Code of
Business Conduct and Ethics
Our Board of Directors will establish a code of business conduct
and ethics that applies to our officers and directors and the
employees of our Manager. Among other matters, our code of
business conduct and ethics will be designed to deter wrongdoing
and to promote:
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honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of
actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and
professional relationships;
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full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in
our SEC reports and other public communications;
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compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and
regulations;
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prompt internal reporting of violations of the code to
appropriate persons identified in the code; and
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accountability for adherence to the code.
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Any waiver of the code of business conduct and ethics for our
executive officers or directors may be made only by our audit
committee and will be promptly disclosed as required by law or
stock exchange regulations.
Compensation
Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
No member of the compensation committee was at any time during
2010 an officer or employee of the Company or any of the
Companys direct or indirect subsidiaries nor is any such
person a former officer of the Company or any of the
Companys direct or indirect subsidiaries. In addition, no
executive officer of the Company currently serves as a director
or member of the compensation committee of any entity that has
one or more executive officers serving as a director of the
Company.
Compensation of
Directors
Our independent directors will each receive annual compensation
of $70,000. Additionally, each independent director will receive
reimbursement for travel and hotel expenses associated with
attending such board and committee meetings. The chairperson of
each of the compensation committee and the corporate governance
and nominating committee will be entitled to an additional
annual fee of $7,500. The chairperson of the audit committee
will be entitled to an additional annual fee of $12,500. These
retainer fees will be paid quarterly, and directors will be
entitled to elect to receive shares of the Companys common
stock in lieu of all or any portion of their retainer fees that
would otherwise be payable in cash. In addition, except for
directors that own, through direct ownership or voting control,
50,000 shares or more of the Companys common stock, a
minimum of one-half of the compensation paid to the
Companys independent directors will be paid in the form of
shares of the Companys common stock.
We did not have any independent directors in 2010.
103
Compensation of
Executive Officers
Compensation
Discussion and Analysis
We have not paid, and we do not intend to pay, any cash or
non-cash equity compensation to any of our officers, and we do
not currently intend to adopt any policies with respect thereto.
We will reimburse our Manager for our allocable share of the
compensation, including, without limitation, annual base salary,
bonus, any related withholding taxes and employee benefits, of
our Chief Financial Officer based on our percentage of the
aggregate amount of our Managers assets under management
and Biminis assets. Our management agreement provides that
our Manager will provide us with a management team, including
our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief
Investment Officer or similar positions. Each of our officers
are employees of Bimini. The Compensation Committee of
Biminis Board of Directors will determine the levels of
base salary and cash incentive compensation that may be earned
by our officers, including our Chief Financial Officer, based on
factors as Bimini may determine are appropriate. Bimini will
also determine whether and to what extent our officers will be
provided with pension, long-term or deferred compensation and
other employee benefits plans and programs. We expect that
Bimini will use proceeds from the management agreement and
overhead sharing agreement in part to pay compensation to its
officers and employees. For a description of these agreements,
see Our Manager and the Management Agreement.
We have adopted the equity incentive plan described below
pursuant to which we are permitted to grant equity-based awards
to our directors and executive officers, our Manager and its
affiliates. Under this plan, our compensation committee will
have discretion to determine the recipients and the terms and
conditions of any such awards. In determining the amount of
equity-based awards we will pay to certain of our Managers
employees, we expect that our compensation committee will
consider a number of factors, which may include our performance,
our Managers performance and the total amount of
management fees and expense reimbursements paid to our Manager.
We expect that our compensation committee will work with our
Manager in determining which of our Managers employees
will be eligible to receive equity-based awards and the amount
of such equity-based awards. If our compensation committee does
not agree with our Manager with respect to the proposed
recipients of, or amounts of, equity-based awards, our
compensation committee may decide to alter or eliminate the
proposed equity-based awards.
2011 Equity
Incentive Plan
Our Board of Directors has adopted, and our sole stockholder,
Bimini, has approved, an equity incentive plan, or the 2011
Equity Incentive Plan, to recruit and retain employees,
directors and service providers, including certain officers and
employees of our Manager and its affiliates. The 2011 Equity
Incentive Plan provides for the grant of options to purchase
shares of common stock, stock awards, stock appreciation rights,
performance units, dividend equivalents, other equity-based
awards and incentive awards.
Administration
of the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan
The 2011 Equity Incentive Plan will be administered by the
compensation committee of our Board of Directors, except that
the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan will be administered by our full
Board of Directors with respect to awards made to directors who
are not employees. This summary uses the term
administrator to refer to the compensation committee
or our Board of Directors, as applicable. The administrator will
approve all terms of awards under the 2011 Equity Incentive
Plan. The administrator also will approve who will receive
grants under the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan and the number of
shares of common stock subject to each grant.
Eligibility
Our directors and individuals who perform services for us and
our subsidiaries and affiliates by virtue of their employment
with our Manager or an affiliate of our Manager, including but
not limited
104
to Bimini, may receive grants under the 2011 Equity Incentive
Plan in the sole discretion of the administrator. If we or our
subsidiaries and affiliates have any employees in the future,
they will be eligible to receive grants under the 2011 Equity
Incentive Plan.
Share
Authorization
The 2011 Equity Incentive Plan provides for grants up to an
aggregate of 10% of the issued and outstanding shares of our
common stock (on a fully diluted basis) at the time of the
award, subject to a maximum aggregate number of shares of common
stock that may be issued under the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan of
4,000,000 shares of common stock. In connection with stock
splits, stock dividends, extraordinary cash dividend,
reorganizations and certain other events, our Board of Directors
will make equitable adjustments that it deems appropriate in the
aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued
under the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan and the terms of
outstanding awards and the individual grant limit (described
below). If any options or stock appreciation rights terminate,
expire or are forfeited, exchanged or surrendered without having
been exercised or paid or if any stock awards, performance units
or other equity-based awards are forfeited, the shares of common
stock subject to such awards will again be available for
purposes of the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan. Shares of common
stock tendered or withheld to satisfy the exercise price or for
tax withholding are not available for future grants under the
2011 Equity Incentive Plan. No awards under the 2011 Equity
Incentive Plan were outstanding prior to completion of this
offering.
Individual
Award Limit
The 2011 Equity Incentive Plan limits the awards that any
individual may be granted in a calendar year. The limit provides
that no individual may be granted awards covering more than
250,000 shares of common stock in any calendar year. The
limit applies to incentive awards that are stated with reference
to shares of common stock or that may be settled in common
stock, and the limit covers all options, stock awards, stock
appreciation rights, performance units, other equity-based
awards and certain incentive awards that are granted in a
calendar year. A separate limit, described below, applies to
incentive awards that are not stated with reference to shares of
common stock and that will be settled in cash.
Options
The 2011 Equity Incentive Plan permits the grant of nonqualified
stock options and incentive stock options qualifying under
Section 422 of the Code. The number of shares subject to an
option will be determined by the administrator. The exercise
price of each option will be determined by the administrator,
provided that the price cannot be less than 100% of the fair
market value of the shares of common stock on the date on which
the option is granted (or 110% of the shares fair market
value on the grant date in the case of an incentive stock option
granted to an individual who is a ten percent
stockholder under Sections 422 and 424 of the Code).
The exercise price for any option is generally payable
(i) in cash, (ii) by certified check, (iii) by
the surrender of shares of common stock (or attestation of
ownership of shares of common stock) with an aggregate fair
market value on the date on which the option is exercised, equal
to the exercise price, or (iv) by payment through a broker
in accordance with procedures established by the Federal Reserve
Board. The term of an option cannot exceed ten years from the
date of grant (or five years in the case of an incentive stock
option granted to a ten percent stockholder).
Stock
Awards
The 2011 Equity Incentive Plan also provides for the grant of
stock awards and the administrator will determine the number of
shares subject to each stock award. A stock award is an award of
shares of common stock that may be subject to restrictions on
transferability and other restrictions as the administrator
determines in its sole discretion on the date of grant. The
restrictions, if any, may lapse over a specified period of time
or through the satisfaction of conditions, in installments or
otherwise, as the administrator may determine. Unless otherwise
specified in the applicable award agreement, a participant who
receives a stock award will have all of the rights of a
105
stockholder as to those shares, including, without limitation,
the right to vote the shares and the right to receive dividends
or distributions on the shares. During the period, if any, when
stock awards are non-transferable or forfeitable, (i) a
participant is prohibited from selling, transferring, pledging,
exchanging, hypothecating or otherwise disposing of his or her
stock award shares, (ii) the Company will retain custody of
the certificates and (iii) a participant must deliver a
stock power to the Company for each stock award.
Stock
Appreciation Rights
The 2011 Equity Incentive Plan authorizes the grant of stock
appreciation rights to individuals who provide direct services
to us or our affiliates and the administrator will determine the
number of shares subject to each award of stock appreciation
rights. A stock appreciation right provides the recipient with
the right to receive, upon exercise of the stock appreciation
right, cash, shares of common stock or a combination of the two.
The amount that the recipient will receive upon exercise of the
stock appreciation right generally will equal the excess of the
fair market value of the shares of common stock on the date of
exercise over the shares fair market value on the date of
grant. Stock appreciation rights will become exercisable in
accordance with terms determined by the compensation committee
and unless otherwise determined by the administrator, stock
appreciation rights may not be transferred. Stock appreciation
rights may be granted in tandem with an option grant or as
independent grants. The term of a stock appreciation right
cannot exceed ten years from the date of grant or five years in
the case of a stock appreciation right granted in tandem with an
incentive stock option awarded to a ten percent
stockholder.
Performance
Units
The 2011 Equity Incentive Plan also authorizes the grant of
performance units and the administrator will determine the
number of performance units that will be granted. Performance
units represent the participants right to receive an
amount, based on the value of a specified number of shares of
common stock, if the terms and conditions prescribed by the
compensation committee are satisfied. The administrator will
determine on the date of grant the requirements that must be
satisfied before performance units are earned, including but not
limited to any applicable performance period, and performance
goals. Performance goals will be prescribed by the administrator
and may include criteria or objectives stated with reference to
our financial performance, the participants performance or
such other criteria determined by the administrator. If
performance units are earned, they will be settled in cash,
shares of common stock or a combination thereof.
Incentive
Awards
The 2011 Equity Incentive Plan also authorizes our compensation
committee to make incentive awards. An incentive award entitles
the participant to receive a cash payment if certain performance
goals requirements are met. Our compensation committee will
establish the requirements that must be met before an incentive
award is earned, and the requirements may be stated with
reference to one or more performance measures or criteria
prescribed by the compensation committee. An incentive award
that is earned will be settled in a single payment, which may be
in cash, common stock or a combination of cash and common stock.
The administrator will determine the amount that may be earned
under an incentive award, except that the 2011 Equity Incentive
Plan provides that no participant may receive more than $500,000
in any calendar year under incentive awards that are not granted
with reference to a number of shares of common stock and that
will be settled in cash.
Other
Equity-Based Awards
The administrator may grant other types of stock-based awards as
other equity-based awards under the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan
and the administrator will determine the number of other
equity-based awards that will be granted. Other equity-based
awards are payable in cash, shares of common
106
stock or other equity, or a combination thereof, as determined
by the administrator. The terms and conditions of other
equity-based awards are determined by the administrator.
Dividend
Equivalents
The administrator may grant dividend equivalents in connection
with the grant of performance units and other equity-based
awards. Dividend equivalents may be paid currently or accrued as
contingent cash obligations (in which case they may be deemed to
have been invested in shares of common stock) and may be payable
in cash, shares of common stock or other property dividends
declared on shares of common stock. The administrator will
determine the terms of any dividend equivalents.
Change in
Control
If we experience a change in control, the administrator may, at
its discretion, provide that all outstanding options and stock
appreciation rights become fully exercisable, all stock awards
become transferable and non forfeitable, and performance units
incentive awards or other equity-based awards become earned and
non forfeitable in their entirety. The administrator may also
provide that all Awards will be assumed by the surviving entity,
or will be replaced by a comparable substitute award of the same
type as the original award and that has substantially equal
value granted by the surviving entity. The administrator may
also provide that participants must surrender their outstanding
options and stock appreciation rights, stock awards, performance
units, incentive awards and other equity-based awards in
exchange for a payment, in cash or shares of our common stock or
other securities or consideration received by stockholders in
the change in control transaction, equal to (i) the entire
amount that can be earned under an incentive award,
(ii) the value received by stockholders in the change in
control transaction for each share subject to a stock award,
performance unit or other equity-based award, or (iii) in
the case of options and stock appreciation rights, the amount by
which that transaction value exceeds the exercise price.
In summary, a change in control under the 2011 Equity Incentive
Plan occurs if:
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a person, entity or affiliated group (with certain exceptions)
acquires, in a transaction or series of transactions, more than
50% of the total combined voting power of our outstanding
securities;
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we merge into another entity, unless the holders of our voting
securities immediately prior to the merger have more than 50% of
the combined voting power of the securities in the merged entity
or its parent;
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we sell or dispose of all or substantially all of our assets,
other than a sale or disposition to any entity more than 50% of
the combined voting power and common stock of which is owned by
our stockholders; or
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during any period of two consecutive years individuals who, at
the beginning of such period, constitute our Board of Directors
together with any new directors (other than individuals who
become directors in connection with certain transactions or
election contests) cease for any reason to constitute a majority
of our Board of Directors.
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The Code has special rules that apply to parachute
payments, i.e., compensation or benefits the payment of
which is contingent upon a change in control. If certain
individuals receive parachute payments in excess of a safe
harbor amount prescribed by the Code, the payor is denied a
U.S. federal income tax deduction for a portion of the
payments and the recipient must pay a 20% excise tax, in
addition to income tax, on a portion of the payments.
If we experience a change in control, benefits provided under
the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan could be treated as parachute
payments. In that event, the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan provides
that the plan benefits, and all other parachute payments
provided under other plans and agreements, will be
107
reduced to the safe harbor amount, i.e., the maximum amount that
may be paid without excise tax liability or loss of deduction,
if the reduction allows the recipient to receive greater
after-tax benefits. The benefits under the 2011 Equity Incentive
Plan and other plans and agreements will not be reduced,
however, if the recipient will receive greater after-tax
benefits (taking into account the 20% excise tax payable by the
recipient) by receiving the total benefits. The 2011 Equity
Incentive Plan also provides that these provisions do not apply
to a participant who has an agreement with us providing that the
individual is entitled to indemnification from us for the 20%
excise tax.
Amendment;
Termination
Our Board of Directors may amend or terminate the 2011 Equity
Incentive Plan at any time, provided that no amendment may
adversely impair the rights of participants under outstanding
awards. Our stockholders must approve any amendment if such
approval is required under applicable law or stock exchange
requirements. Our stockholders also must approve any amendment
that materially increases the benefits accruing to participants
under the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, materially modifies the
eligibility requirements of the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan,
materially increases the aggregate number of shares of common
stock that may be issued under the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan,
reduces the option price of an outstanding option or reduces the
base or initial price of an outstanding stock appreciation right
(in each case other than on account of stock dividends, stock
splits or other changes in capitalization as described above).
Unless terminated sooner by our Board of Directors or extended
with stockholder approval, the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan will
terminate on the day before the tenth anniversary of the date
our Board of Directors adopted the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan.
Indemnification
of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitations on
Liability
For information concerning limitations of liability and
indemnification applicable to our directors and executive
officers and employees, if any, see Certain Provisions of
Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws, and
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
Indemnification Agreements.
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CERTAIN
RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Purchases of
Warrants and Common Stock by Bimini
Bimini is currently our sole stockholder. Prior to the
completion of this offering, we intend to enter into a warrant
purchase agreement with Bimini pursuant to which it will agree
to purchase warrants exercisable for an aggregate of
4,500,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of
110% of the price per share of the common stock sold in
this offering. The aggregate purchase price for the warrants to
be purchased by Bimini in the concurrent private placement will
be $2,475,000. Upon the completion of this offering, Bimini will
have purchased 1,063,830 shares (after giving effect to the
Stock Dividend) of our common stock for an aggregate purchase
price of $15.0 million. As a result of these transactions,
Bimini will own approximately 42.6% of our outstanding common
stock upon completion of this offering and the concurrent
private placement, on a fully-diluted basis after giving effect
to the issuance of our common stock upon exercise of the
warrants (or approximately 39.2% if the underwriters exercise
their option to purchase additional shares in full).
Purchases of
Agency RMBS from Bimini
On March 31, 2011, we purchased from Bimini Agency RMBS
with a fair value of $1,056,421 for a purchase price of
$1,071,040 (including $14,620 of accrued interest). We
determined the fair value of the Agency RMBS purchased from
Bimini pursuant to the valuation methodology described in
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations Critical
Accounting Policies Mortgage-Backed
Securities. We purchased these assets from Bimini based on
our Managers management teams knowledge of such
assets. We currently do not anticipate that we will enter into
any cross transactions or principal transactions after the
completion of this offering.
Management
Agreement
We are currently managed by Bimini. Upon completion of this
offering, we will be externally managed and advised by our
Manager pursuant to a management agreement, pursuant to which
our Manager will manage our
day-to-day
operations. Under our existing management agreement with Bimini,
which will be terminated upon the completion of this offering
and replaced by a new management agreement with our Manager, we
paid Bimini aggregate management fees of $5,500 for the period
beginning on November 24, 2010 (date operations commenced)
to December 31, 2010, and we paid Bimini aggregate
management fees of $20,900 for the three months ended
March 31, 2011. Under our new management agreement, we will
pay our Manager a monthly management fee and will reimburse our
Manager for certain expenses. Our Manager will earn a management
fee regardless of the performance of our investments. See
Our Manager and the Management Agreement Our
Management Agreement for more information regarding the
services our Manager will provide to us and the fees we will pay
to our Manager.
Payment of
Underwriting Discount and Commissions and Certain Offering
Expenses
Pursuant to the underwriting agreement among the underwriters,
our Manager, Bimini and us, our Manager will pay the
underwriters $ per share with
respect to each share of common stock sold in this offering on a
deferred basis after the completion of this offering. Our
Manager will pay the underwriters all of the management fees it
receives from us each month until it has paid the underwriters
an aggregate amount of $ .
In addition, our Manager has agreed to pay the offering expenses
that exceed an amount equal to 1.0% of the total gross proceeds
from this offering.
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Consulting
Agreement
In September 2010, we entered into a consulting agreement with W
Coleman Bitting, who has agreed to become one of our independent
directors. The terms of the consulting agreement provide that
Mr. Bitting will advise us with respect to financing
alternatives, business strategies and related matters as
requested during the term of the agreement. Although there is no
defined term of the agreement, it can be terminated by either
party and at any time upon 10 days written notice. In
exchange for his services, the consulting agreement provides
that we will pay Mr. Bitting an hourly fee of $150 and
reimburse him for all
out-of-pocket
expenses reasonably incurred in the performance of his services.
To date, we have paid Mr. Bitting a total of approximately
$52,000. We intend to terminate this consulting agreement upon
completion of this offering.
Registration
Rights Agreement
We will enter into a registration rights agreement with regard
to the common stock owned by Bimini upon completion of this
offering and the common stock issuable to Bimini upon exercise
of the warrants it intends to purchase in the concurrent private
placement. Pursuant to the registration rights agreement, on the
first anniversary of the completion of this offering, we will
grant to (i) Bimini and its transferees demand registration
rights to have its shares of common stock registered for resale,
provided that no holder may request more than two demand
registrations, and (ii) solely Bimini, in certain
circumstances, the right to piggy-back these shares
in registration statements we might file in connection with any
future public offering, so long as Bimini holds these shares.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, these registration rights will be
subject to underwriter cutback provisions, and we will be
permitted to suspend the use, from time to time, of the
prospectus that is part of the registration statement (and
therefore suspend sales under the registration statement) for
certain periods, referred to as blackout periods.
Indemnification
Agreements
We intend to enter into indemnification agreements with each of
our directors and executive officers. The indemnification
agreements will require, among other things, that we indemnify
our directors and certain officers to the fullest extent
permitted by law and advance to our directors and certain
officers all related expenses, subject to reimbursement if it is
subsequently determined that indemnification is not permitted.
Related Person
Transaction Policies
We expect our Board of Directors to adopt a policy providing
that any investment transaction between Bimini, our Manager or
any of their affiliates and us or any of our subsidiaries
requires the prior approval of a majority of our independent
directors.
We also expect our Board of Directors to adopt a policy
regarding the approval of any related person
transaction, which is any transaction or series of
transactions in which we or any of our subsidiaries is or are to
be a participant, the amount involved exceeds $120,000 and a
related person (as defined under SEC rules) has a
direct or indirect material interest. Under the policy, a
related person would need to promptly disclose to the audit
committee any related person transaction and all material facts
about the transaction. The audit committee would then assess and
promptly communicate that information to our Board of Directors.
Based on its consideration of all of the relevant facts and
circumstances, this committee will decide whether or not to
approve such transaction and will generally approve only those
transactions that do not create a conflict of interest. If we
become aware of an existing related person transaction that has
not been pre-approved under this policy, the transaction will be
referred to this committee, which will evaluate all options
available, including ratification, revision or termination of
such transaction. Our policy requires any director who may be
interested in a related person transaction to recuse himself or
herself from any consideration of such related person
transaction.
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In fulfilling its responsibility, the audit committee will
review the relevant facts of each related person transaction or
series of related transactions and either approve, ratify or
disapprove such transaction or transactions. The audit committee
will take into account such factors as it deems necessary or
appropriate in deciding whether to approve, ratify or disapprove
any related person transaction, including any one or more of the
following:
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The terms of the transaction;
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The benefits to the Company of the transaction;
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The availability of other sources for comparable products or
services;
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The terms available to unrelated third parties or to employees
generally; and
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The impact on a directors independence in the event that
such director is a party to the transaction or such director, an
immediately family member of such director or an entity in which
such director is an executive officer or has a direct or
indirect material interest is a party to the transaction.
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No director may participate in any consideration or approval of
a related person transaction with respect to which such director
or any of such directors immediate family members is the
related person or has a direct or indirect material interest.
Related person transactions will only be approved if they are
determined to be in, or not inconsistent with, the best
interests of the Company.
On an annual basis, the Company will solicit information from
each of the Companys directors and executive officers to
identify related person transactions. If a related person
transaction that has not been previously approved or previously
ratified is identified, the audit committee will promptly
consider all of the relevant facts. If the transaction is
ongoing, the audit committee may ratify or request the
rescission, amendment or termination of the related person
transaction. If the transaction has been completed, the audit
committee may seek to rescind the transaction where appropriate
and may recommend that our Board of Directors or the Company
take appropriate disciplinary action where warranted. In
addition, the audit committee will generally review any ongoing
related person transactions on an annual basis to determine
whether to continue, modify or terminate such related person
transactions.
In addition, our code of business conduct and ethics, which is
reviewed and approved by our Board of Directors and provided to
all our directors, officers and the persons who provide services
to us pursuant to the management agreement will require that all
such persons avoid any situations or relationships that involve
actual or potential conflicts of interest, or perceived
conflicts of interest, between an individuals personal
interests and the interests of the Company. Pursuant to our code
of business conduct and ethics, each of these persons must
disclose any conflicts of interest, or actions or relationships
that might give rise to a conflict, to their supervisor or our
secretary. If a conflict is determined to exist, the person must
disengage from the conflict situation or terminate his provision
of services to us. Our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial
Officer, principal accounting officer and certain other persons
who may be designated by our Board of Directors, whom we
collectively refer to as our financial executives, must consult
with our audit committee with respect to any proposed actions or
arrangements that are not clearly consistent with our code of
business conduct and ethics. In the event that a financial
executive wishes to engage in a proposed action or arrangement
that is not consistent with our code of business conduct and
ethics, the executive must obtain a waiver of the relevant
provisions of our code of business conduct and ethics in advance
from our audit committee.
111
DESCRIPTION OF
SECURITIES
The following is a summary of the rights and preferences of our
securities and related provisions of our charter and bylaws as
they will be in effect upon the closing of this offering. While
we believe that the following description covers the material
terms of our securities, the description may not contain all of
the information that is important to you. We encourage you to
read carefully this entire prospectus, our charter and bylaws
and the other documents we refer to for a more complete
understanding of our securities. Copies of our charter and
bylaws will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement
of which this prospectus is a part. See Where You Can Find
More Information.
General
Immediately following the closing of this offering, our
authorized capital stock will consist of 600,000,000 shares
of which (i) 500,000,000 shares will be designated as
common stock and (ii) 100,000,000 shares will be designated
as preferred stock, each with a par value of $0.01 per share.
Prior to the completion of this offering, we intend to effect a
stock dividend pursuant to which we will issue 7.0922 shares for
each then outstanding share of common stock. Pursuant to such
stock dividend, the 150,000 shares of our common stock that
will be owned by Bimini prior to completion of this offering
will become 1,063,830 shares of our common stock. Upon
completion of this offering, 8,563,830 shares of common stock
will be issued and outstanding and no shares of preferred stock
will be issued and outstanding.
Common
Stock
Immediately before the completion of this offering, we will
amend and restate our charter and our bylaws. Subject to the
preferential rights, if any, of holders of any other class or
series of stock and to the provisions of our charter regarding
restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock, holders of
shares of our common stock are entitled to receive distributions
if, when and as authorized by our Board of Directors and
declared by us out of assets legally available for distribution.
Subject to the provisions of our charter regarding restrictions
on ownership and transfer of our stock and except as may
otherwise be specified in the terms of any class or series of
capital stock, each outstanding share of our common stock
entitles the holder thereof to one vote on all matters submitted
to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors.
Except as may be provided with respect to any other class or
series of stock, the holders of such shares will possess the
exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative voting in the
election of our directors, and directors will be elected by a
plurality of the votes cast in the election of directors.
Holders of shares of our common stock have no preference,
conversion, exchange, sinking fund, redemption or appraisal
rights and have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any
securities of the Company. Subject to the provisions of our
charter regarding restrictions on ownership and transfer of our
stock, all holders of our shares of common stock will have equal
liquidation and other rights.
Our charter authorizes our Board of Directors, without
stockholder approval, to reclassify any unissued shares of our
common stock into other classes or series of stock and to
establish the number of shares in each class or series and to
set the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers
(including voting rights exclusive to such class or series),
restrictions (including, without limitation, restrictions on
transferability), limitations as to dividends or other
distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of
redemption for each such class or series.
Preferred
Stock
Our charter authorizes our Board of Directors, without
stockholder approval, to classify any unissued shares of
preferred stock and to reclassify any previously classified but
unissued shares of any class or series of preferred stock. Prior
to issuance of shares of each class or series, our Board of
Directors is required by the MGCL and our charter to set the
preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers
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(including voting rights exclusive to such class or series),
restrictions (including, without limitation, restrictions on
transferability), limitations as to dividends or other
distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of
redemption for each such class or series. Thus, our Board of
Directors could authorize the issuance of shares of preferred
stock that have priority over our common stock with respect to
dividends or rights upon liquidation or with terms and
conditions which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or
preventing a transaction or a change in control of the Company
that might involve a premium price for holders of our common
stock or otherwise be in their best interests. As of the date of
this prospectus, no shares of preferred stock are outstanding,
and we have no present plans to issue any preferred stock.
Warrants
The warrants we intend to sell to Bimini in the concurrent
private placement will be issued pursuant to a warrant agreement
that we will enter into with Continental Stock
Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent,
immediately prior to the completion of the concurrent private
placement. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one
share of common stock for an exercise price equal to 110% of the
price per share of the common stock sold in this offering. The
following is a brief summary of certain provisions of the
warrant agreement and does not purport to be complete and is
qualified in its entirety by reference to the warrant agreement.
Exercise of Warrants. Each warrant
entitles the holder to purchase one share of our common stock
for an exercise price equal to
$ per share, subject to
adjustment as set forth below under
Anti-Dilution Adjustments. The warrants
will become exercisable immediately upon their issuance and will
expire at the close of business
on ,
2018. The warrants will be exercisable only for cash. The
warrants have not been and will not be registered under the
Securities Act.
Upon receipt of payment of the exercise price and the warrant
certificate, we will, as soon as practicable, forward the shares
of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants. Payment
must be made in cash or by certified or official bank check or
by wire transfer of funds to an account designated by us for
such purpose. We shall at all times during the term of the
warrants keep in reserve sufficient authorized but unissued
shares of common stock for issuances in the event of the
exercise of the warrants.
Valuation of Warrants. We will value
the warrants to be issued to Bimini in the concurrent private
placement using a binomial pricing model. In determining the
value of the warrants using a binomial pricing model, we will
use the following assumptions: (i) a warrant term of seven
years, (ii) an exercise price of $12.10 per share,
(iii) an implied volatility rate of our common stock of
22.5%, (iv) an offering price of our common stock of $11.00
per share, which is the mid-point of the price range on the
front cover of this prospectus, (v) a risk-free interest
rate of 2.63% and (vi) a distribution rate on our common
stock of 12.5%. The assumptions listed above are based on our
Managers good-faith estimates, and there can be no
assurance that these expectations will be achieved or that the
value of the warrants as determined by a binomial pricing model
will reflect the actual fair market value of such warrants.
Anti-Dilution Adjustments. The warrants
are subject to customary anti-dilution provisions, including
adjustments to the exercise price and the shares of common stock
deliverable upon exercise of the warrants upon the following
events: (i) stock dividends, subdivisions, combinations and
reclassifications, (ii) self-tenders and (iii) other
distributions and other similar dilutive events (other than
ordinary cash dividends). However, no adjustment of the exercise
price or the number of shares of common stock issuable upon
exercise of the warrants will be made unless the adjustment,
either by itself or with other adjustments not previously made,
increases or decreases by at least 1% the exercise price or the
number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the
warrants immediately prior to making the adjustment.
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Power to Increase
or Decrease Authorized Stock and Issue Additional Shares of Our
Common Stock and Preferred Stock
Upon completion of this offering, our charter will provide that
we may issue up to 500,000,000 shares of common stock and
100,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Our charter will
authorize our Board of Directors, with the approval of a
majority of our entire Board of Directors, to amend our charter
to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized
shares of stock or the number of authorized shares of stock of
any class or series without stockholder approval. We believe
that the power of our Board of Directors to increase or decrease
the number of authorized shares of stock and to classify or
reclassify unissued shares of our common stock or preferred
stock and thereafter to cause us to issue such classified or
reclassified shares of stock will provide us with increased
flexibility in structuring possible future financings and
acquisitions and in meeting other needs which might arise. The
additional classes or series, as well as the additional shares
of common stock, will be available for issuance without further
action by our stockholders, unless such action is required by
applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated
quotation system on which our securities may be listed or
traded. Although our Board of Directors does not intend to do
so, it could authorize us to issue a class or series that could,
depending upon the terms of the particular class or series,
delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control of
the Company that might involve a premium price for our common
stockholders or otherwise be in their best interests.
Restrictions on
Ownership and Transfer
In order to qualify as a REIT under the Code for each taxable
year beginning after December 31, 2011, our shares of stock
must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at
least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months or
during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Also, for
our taxable years beginning after December 31, 2011, no
more than 50% of the value of our outstanding shares of capital
stock may be owned, directly or constructively, by five or fewer
individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities)
during the second half of any calendar year.
Because our Board of Directors believes it is at present
essential for us to qualify as a REIT, our charter provides
that, subject to certain exceptions, no person or entity may
beneficially or constructively own, or be deemed to own by
virtue of the attribution provisions of the Code, more than 9.8%
in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive,
of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our capital
stock, or the ownership limit, except that Bimini may own up to
44% of our common stock so long as Bimini continues to qualify
as a REIT.
Our charter also prohibits any person from (i) beneficially
or constructively owning or transferring shares of our capital
stock if such ownership or transfer would result in our being
closely held under Section 856(h) of the Code
(without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during
the last half of a taxable year) or otherwise cause us to fail
to qualify as a REIT and (ii) transferring shares of our
capital stock if such transfer would result in our capital stock
being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons. Any
person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire beneficial
or constructive ownership of shares of our stock that will or
may violate any of the foregoing restrictions on transfer and
ownership, or who is the intended transferee of shares of our
stock which are transferred to the trust (as described below),
will be required to give written notice immediately to us or in
the case of a proposed or attempted transaction, to give at
least 15 days prior written notice, and provide us
with such other information as we may request in order to
determine the effect, if any, of such transfer on our status as
a REIT. The foregoing restrictions on transfer and ownership
will not apply if our Board of Directors determines that it is
no longer in our best interests to attempt to qualify, or to
continue to qualify, as a REIT, or that compliance with the
restrictions on transfer and ownership is no longer required for
us to qualify as a REIT.
Our Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, may exempt
(prospectively or retroactively) a person from certain of the
limits described above and may establish or increase an excepted
holder limit for such person. The person seeking an exemption
must provide to our Board of Directors any
114
such representations, covenants and undertakings as our Board of
Directors may deem appropriate in order to conclude that
granting the exemption
and/or
establishing or increasing an excepted holder limit, as the case
may be, will not cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT. Our
Board of Directors may also require a ruling from the IRS or an
opinion of counsel in order to determine that granting the
exemption will not cause us to lose our qualification as a REIT.
In connection with granting a waiver of the ownership limit or
creating an excepted holder limit or at any other time, our
Board of Directors may from time to time increase or decrease
the ownership limit, subject to certain restrictions.
Our charter provides that to the extent we incur any tax under
the Code as the result of any excess inclusion
income of ours being allocated to a disqualified
organization that holds our stock in record name, our
Board of Directors will cause us to reduce distributions to such
stockholder in an amount equal to such tax paid by us that is
attributable to such stockholders ownership in accordance
with applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not
currently intend to make investments or engage in activities
that generate excess inclusion income, but our
charter does not prevent disqualified organizations
from owning our common stock. See Material
U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations Taxation
of Our Company and Requirements for
Qualification Taxable Mortgage Pools for a
discussion of disqualified organizations and
excess inclusion income.
Any attempted transfer of our capital stock that, if effective,
would result in a violation of the foregoing restrictions, will
cause the number of shares causing the violation (rounded up to
the nearest whole share) to be automatically transferred to a
charitable trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary and
the proposed transferee will not acquire any rights in such
shares, except that any transfer that, if effective, would
result in the violation of the restriction relating to shares of
our capital stock being beneficially owned by fewer than
100 persons will be void ab initio. The automatic transfer
will be effective as of the close of business on the business
day (as defined in our charter) prior to the date of the
transfer. If, for any reason, the transfer to the trust would
not be effective to prevent the violation of the foregoing
restrictions, our charter provides that the purported transfer
in violation of the restrictions will be void ab initio. Shares
of our capital stock held in the trust will be issued and
outstanding shares of stock. The proposed transferee will not
benefit economically from ownership of any shares of stock held
in the trust, will have no rights to dividends or other
distributions and no rights to vote or other rights attributable
to the shares of stock held in the trust.
The trustee of the trust will have all voting rights and rights
to dividends or other distributions with respect to shares held
in the trust. These rights will be exercised for the exclusive
benefit of the charitable beneficiary. Any dividend or other
distribution paid prior to our discovery that shares of stock
have been transferred to the trust must be paid by the recipient
to the trustee upon demand. Any dividend or other distribution
authorized but unpaid will be paid when due to the trustee. Any
dividend or other distribution paid to the trustee will be held
in trust for the charitable beneficiary. Subject to Maryland
law, the trustee will have the authority (i) to rescind as
void any vote cast by the proposed transferee prior to our
discovery that the shares have been transferred to the trust and
(ii) to recast the vote in accordance with the desires of
the trustee acting for the benefit of the charitable
beneficiary. However, if we have already taken irreversible
corporate action, then the trustee will not have the authority
to rescind and recast the vote.
Within 20 days of receiving notice from us that shares of
our stock have been transferred to the trust, the trustee must
sell the shares to a person designated by the trustee, whose
ownership of the shares will not violate the above ownership and
transfer limitations. Upon such sale, the interest of the
charitable beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the
trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the
proposed transferee and to the charitable beneficiary as
follows. The proposed transferee will receive the lesser of
(i) the price paid by the proposed transferee for the
shares or, if the proposed transferee did not give value for the
shares in connection with the event causing the shares to be
held in the trust (e.g., a gift, devise or other similar
transaction), the market price (as defined in our charter) of
the shares on the day of the event causing the shares to be held
in the trust and (ii) the price received by the trustee
from the sale or other disposition of the shares (net of any
commissions and other expenses). Any net sale proceeds in excess
of the amount payable to
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the proposed transferee will be paid immediately to the
charitable beneficiary. The trustee may reduce the amount
payable to the proposed transferee by the amount of dividends
and other distributions paid to the purported transferee and
owed by the proposed transferee to the trustee. If, prior to our
discovery that shares of our stock have been transferred to the
trust, the shares are sold by the proposed transferee, then
(i) the shares will be deemed to have been sold on behalf
of the trust and (ii) to the extent that the proposed
transferee received an amount for the shares that exceeds the
amount the proposed transferee was entitled to receive, the
excess must be paid to the trustee upon demand.
In addition, shares of our stock held in the trust will be
deemed to have been offered for sale to us, or our designee, at
a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) the price per
share in the transaction that resulted in the transfer to the
trust (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the market price at
the time of the devise or gift) and (ii) the market price
on the date we accept, or our designee accepts, the offer, which
we may reduce by the amount of dividends and other distributions
paid to the proposed transferee and owed by the proposed
transferee to the trustee. We will have the right to accept the
offer until the trustee has sold the shares. Upon a sale to us,
the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold
will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds
of the sale to the proposed transferee and any dividends or
other distributions held by the trustee will be paid to the
charitable beneficiary. If shares of our stock are certificated,
all such certificates will bear a legend referring to the
restrictions described above (or a declaration that we will
furnish a full statement about certain restrictions on
transferability to a stockholder on request and without charge).
Every owner of 5% or more (or such lower percentage as required
by the Code or the regulations promulgated thereunder) of all
classes or series of our stock, including shares of common
stock, within 30 days after the end of each taxable year,
must give written notice to us stating the name and address of
such owner, the number of shares of each class and series of
shares of our stock which the owner beneficially owns and a
description of the manner in which the shares are held. Each
owner must also provide to us such additional information as we
may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of the
beneficial ownership on our status as a REIT and to ensure
compliance with the ownership limit. In addition, each owner of
our stock must, upon demand, provide to us such information as
we may request, in good faith, in order to determine our status
as a REIT and to comply with the requirements of any taxing
authority or governmental authority or to determine such
compliance and to ensure compliance with the ownership limit.
These ownership limitations could delay, defer or prevent a
transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium
price for our securities or might otherwise be in the best
interests of our stockholders.
Transfer Agent
and Registrar
We expect that the transfer agent and registrar for our common
stock will be Continental Stock Transfer &
Trust Company. Their mailing address is 17 Battery Place,
New York, New York, 10004. Their telephone number is
(212) 845-3200.
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STOCK AVAILABLE
FOR FUTURE SALE
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our
common stock. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that sales
of shares or the availability of shares for sale will have on
the market price of our common stock prevailing from time to
time. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the
public market, or the perception that such sales could occur,
could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common
stock.
Upon completion of this offering, Bimini will own
1,063,830 shares of our common stock. Upon exercise of the
warrants Bimini intends to purchase in the concurrent private
placement, Bimini will own an additional 4,500,000 shares
of common stock. Upon completion of this offering, we will have
outstanding an aggregate of 13,063,830 shares of our common
stock on a fully-diluted basis after giving effect to the
issuance of our common stock upon exercise of the warrants.
Rule 144
In general, under Rule 144 under the Securities Act, a
person (or persons whose shares are aggregated) who is not
deemed to have been an affiliate of ours at any time during the
three months preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned
restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 for at
least six months (including any period of consecutive ownership
of preceding non-affiliated holders) would be entitled to sell
those shares, subject only to the availability of current public
information about us. A non-affiliated person who has
beneficially owned restricted securities within the meaning of
Rule 144 for at least one year would be entitled to sell
those shares without regard to the provisions of Rule 144.
A person (or persons whose shares are aggregated) who is deemed
to be an affiliate of ours and who has beneficially owned
restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 for at
least six months would be entitled to sell within any
three-month period a number of shares of our common stock that
does not exceed the greater of one percent of the then
outstanding shares of our common stock or the average weekly
trading volume of our common stock reported through the NYSE
during the four calendar weeks preceding such sale. Such sales
are also subject to certain manner of sale provisions, notice
requirements and the availability of current public information
about us.
Lock-Up
Agreements
We and each of our Manager, our directors and executive officers
will agree that, for a period of 180 days after the date of
this prospectus, without the prior written consent of Barclays
Capital Inc., we and they will not sell, dispose of or hedge any
shares of our common stock, subject to certain exceptions and
extensions in certain circumstances. Additionally, Bimini will
agree that, for a period of 365 days after the date of this
prospectus, it will not, without the prior written consent of
Barclays Capital Inc., dispose of or hedge any of (i) its
shares of our common stock, including any shares of our common
stock issuable upon exercise of the warrant it intends to
purchase in the concurrent private placement, (ii) the warrants
that it intends to purchase in the concurrent private placement
or (iii) any shares of our common stock that it may acquire
after completion of this offering, subject to certain exceptions
and extensions.
Registration
Rights
See Certain Relationships and Related
Transactions Registration Rights Agreement,
for a description of our Registration Rights Agreement with
Bimini.
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CERTAIN
PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND
OF OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS
The following is a summary of the material provisions of
Maryland law applicable to us and of our charter and bylaws as
they will be in effect upon completion of this offering. Copies
of our charter and bylaws will be filed as exhibits to the
registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See
Where You Can Find More Information.
Our Board of
Directors
Our charter and bylaws provide that the number of directors of
the Company will not be less than the minimum number required
under the MGCL, which is one, and, unless our bylaws are
amended, not more than fifteen and may be increased or decreased
pursuant to our bylaws by a vote of the majority of our entire
Board of Directors. Subject to the rights of holders of one or
more classes or series of preferred stock, any vacancy may be
filled only by a majority of the remaining directors, even if
the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any
director elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the remainder
of the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy
occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies.
Pursuant to our bylaws, each member of our Board of Directors is
elected by our stockholders to serve until the next annual
meeting of stockholders and until his or her successor is duly
elected and qualifies. Holders of shares of our common stock
will have no right to cumulative voting in the election of
directors, and directors will be elected by a plurality of the
votes cast in the election of directors.
Removal of
Directors
Our charter provides that, subject to the rights of holders of
one or more classes or series of preferred stock to elect or
remove one or more directors, a director may be removed only for
cause and only by the affirmative vote of holders of shares
entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be
cast generally in the election of directors. Cause
is defined in our charter, with respect to any particular
director, as the conviction of a felony or a final judgment of a
court of competent jurisdiction holding that such director
caused demonstrable, material harm to us through bad faith or
active and deliberate dishonesty. This provision, when coupled
with the exclusive power of our Board of Directors to fill
vacant directorships, may preclude stockholders from removing
incumbent directors except for cause and by a substantial
affirmative vote and filling the vacancies created by such
removal with their own nominees.
Business
Combinations
Under the MGCL, certain business combinations
(including a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or,
in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or
issuance or reclassification of equity securities) between a
Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder (i.e., any
person (other than the corporation or any subsidiary) who
beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the
corporations outstanding voting stock after the date on
which the corporation had 100 or more beneficial owners of its
stock, or an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at
any time within the two-year period immediately prior to the
date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the
voting power of the then outstanding stock of the corporation
after the date on which the corporation had 100 or more
beneficial owners of its stock) or an affiliate of an interested
stockholder, are prohibited for five years after the most recent
date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested
stockholder. Thereafter, any such business combination between
the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally
must be recommended by the board of directors of such
corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least
(1) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of
outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation and
(2) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders
of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the
interested stockholder with whom (or with whose affiliate) the
business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate
or associate of the interested stockholder, unless, among other
conditions, the corporations common stockholders receive a
minimum price (as defined in the MGCL) for their shares and the
consideration is received in cash or in the same form as
previously paid by the
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interested stockholder for its shares. A person is not an
interested stockholder under the statute if the board of
directors approved in advance the transaction by which the
person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder.
The board of directors may provide that its approval is subject
to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms
and conditions determined by it.
As permitted by the MGCL, our Board of Directors has adopted a
resolution exempting any business combination between us and any
other person, provided that the business combination is first
approved by our Board of Directors (including a majority of
directors who are not affiliates or associates of such persons).
However, our Board of Directors may repeal or modify this
resolution at any time in the future, in which case the
applicable provisions of this statute will become applicable to
business combinations between us and interested stockholders.
Control Share
Acquisitions
The MGCL provides that holders of control shares of
a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share
acquisition have no voting rights with respect to the
control shares except to the extent approved by the affirmative
vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the
matter with respect to such shares, excluding votes cast by
(1) the person who makes or proposes to make a control
share acquisition, (2) an officer of the corporation or
(3) an employee of the corporation who is also a director
of the corporation. Control shares are voting shares
of stock which, if aggregated with all other such shares of
stock previously acquired by the acquirer or in respect of which
the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of
voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy),
would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing
directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:
(1) one-tenth or more but less than one-third,
(2) one-third or more but less than a majority or
(3) a majority or more of all voting power. Control shares
do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to
vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder
approval. A control share acquisition means the
acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares, subject to
certain exceptions.
A person who has made or proposes to make a control share
acquisition, upon satisfaction of certain conditions (including
an undertaking to pay expenses), may compel the board of
directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held
within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of
the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation
may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.
If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the
acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement
as required by the statute, then, subject to certain conditions
and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the
control shares (except those for which voting rights have
previously been approved) for fair value determined, without
regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares,
as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the
acquirer or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting
rights of such shares are considered and not approved. If voting
rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting
and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of the
shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise
appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for
purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the
highest price per share paid by the acquirer in the control
share acquisition.
The control share acquisition statute does not apply to, among
other things: (1) shares acquired in a merger,
consolidation or statutory share exchange if the corporation is
a party to the transaction or (2) acquisitions approved or
exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.
Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share
acquisition statute any acquisition by any person of shares of
our stock; however, our Board of Directors may repeal such bylaw
provision, in whole or in part at any time. There can be no
assurance that such provision will not be amended or eliminated
at any time in the future.
119
Maryland
Unsolicited Takeovers Act
Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits a Maryland
corporation with a class of equity securities registered under
the Exchange Act and at least three independent directors to
elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a
resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any
contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to any or all of
five provisions of the MGCL which provide, respectively, that:
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the corporations board of directors will be divided into
three classes;
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the affirmative vote of two-thirds of all the votes entitled to
be cast by stockholders generally in the election of directors
is required to remove a director;
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the number of directors may be fixed only by vote of the
directors;
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a vacancy on the board of directors be filled only by the
remaining directors and that directors elected to fill a vacancy
will serve for the remainder of the full term of the class of
directors in which the vacancy occurred; and
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the request of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority
of all the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting is required
for stockholders to require the calling of a special meeting of
stockholders.
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Without our having elected to be subject to Subtitle 8, our
charter and bylaws already (1) require the affirmative vote
of holders of shares entitled to cast at least two-thirds of all
the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of
directors to remove a director from our Board of Directors,
(2) vest in our Board of Directors the exclusive power to
fix the number of directors, by vote of a majority of our entire
Board of Directors, and (3) require, unless called by the
Chairman of our Board of Directors, our Chief Executive Officer,
our President or our Board of Directors, the request of
stockholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of all
the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting to call a special
meeting of stockholders. Our charter provides that, subject to
our eligibility to make an election under Subtitle 8, vacancies
on our Board of Directors may be filled only by the affirmative
vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office,
even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and
directors elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the full term
of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred and until his
or her successor is duly elected and qualifies. Our Board of
Directors is not currently classified. In the future, our Board
of Directors may elect, without stockholder approval, to
classify our Board of Directors or elect to be subject to any of
the other provisions of Subtitle 8.
Charter
Amendments and Extraordinary Transactions
Under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation generally cannot
dissolve, amend its charter, merge, sell all or substantially
all of its assets, engage in a statutory share exchange or
engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of
business unless approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders
entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be
cast on the matter unless a lesser percentage (but not less than
a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the
matter) is set forth in the corporations charter. Our
charter generally provides that charter amendments requiring
stockholder approval must be declared advisable by our Board of
Directors and approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders
entitled to cast a majority of all of the votes entitled to be
cast on the matter. However, our charters provisions
regarding the removal of directors and restrictions on ownership
and transfer of our stock, and amendments to the vote required
to amend these provisions, may be amended only if such amendment
is declared advisable by our Board of Directors and approved by
the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast not less
than two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the
matter. In addition, we generally may not merge with or into
another company, sell all or substantially all of our assets,
engage in a share exchange or engage in similar transactions
outside the ordinary course of business unless such transaction
is declared advisable by our Board of Directors and approved by
the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast a majority
of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. However,
because operating assets may be held by
120
a corporations subsidiaries, as in our situation, this may
mean that one of our subsidiaries could transfer all of its
assets without any vote of our stockholders.
Bylaw
Amendments
Our Board of Directors has the exclusive power to adopt, alter
or repeal any provision of our bylaws and to make new bylaws.
Advance Notice of
Director Nominations and New Business
Our bylaws provide that, with respect to an annual meeting of
stockholders, nominations of individuals for election to our
Board of Directors and the proposal of other business to be
considered by our stockholders at an annual meeting of
stockholders may be made only (1) pursuant to our notice of
the meeting, (2) by or at the direction of our Board of
Directors or (3) by a stockholder who was a stockholder of
record both at the time of giving of notice and at the time of
the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting on the
election of the individual so nominated or on such other
business and who has complied with the advance notice procedures
set forth in our bylaws, including a requirement to provide
certain information about the stockholder and its affiliates and
the nominee or business proposal, as applicable.
With respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the
business specified in our notice of meeting may be brought
before the meeting. Nominations of individuals for election to
our Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of
stockholders at which directors are to be elected only
(1) by or at the direction of our Board of Directors or
(2) provided that the special meeting has been properly
called for the purpose of electing directors, by a stockholder
who was a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of
notice and at the time of the meeting, who is entitled to vote
at the meeting on the election of each individual so nominated
and who has complied with the advance notice provisions set
forth in our bylaws, including a requirement to provide certain
information about the stockholder and its affiliates and the
nominee.
Anti-Takeover
Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter
and Bylaws
Our charter and bylaws and Maryland law contain provisions that
may delay, defer or prevent a change in control or other
transaction that might involve a premium price for our common
stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders,
including business combination provisions, supermajority vote
and cause requirements for removal of directors, provisions that
vacancies on our Board of Directors may be filled only by the
remaining directors, for the full term of the directorship in
which the vacancy occurred, the power of our Board of Directors
to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized
shares of stock or the number of shares of any class or series
of stock, to cause us to issue additional shares of stock of any
class or series and to fix the terms of one or more classes or
series of stock without stockholder approval, the restrictions
on ownership and transfer of our stock and advance notice
requirements for director nominations and stockholder proposals.
Likewise, if the provision in the bylaws opting out of the
control share acquisition provisions of the MGCL or the
resolution of our Board of Directors opting out of the business
combination provisions of the MGCL were repealed or rescinded,
or if a business combination was not first approved by our Board
of Directors, these provisions of the MGCL could have similar
anti-takeover effects.
Limitation of
Directors and Officers Liability and
Indemnification
The MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to include in its
charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and
officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money
damages, except for liability resulting from (1) actual
receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or
services or (2) active and deliberate dishonesty that is
established by a final judgment and is material to the cause of
action. Our charter contains a provision that eliminates such
liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.
The MGCL requires a corporation (unless its charter provides
otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director
or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise,
in the
121
defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or
threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service
in that capacity. The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify
its present and former directors and officers, among others,
against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable
expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any
proceeding to which they may be made, or threatened to be made,
a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities
unless it is established that:
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the act or omission of the director or officer was material to
the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (1) was
committed in bad faith or (2) was the result of active and
deliberate dishonesty;
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the director or officer actually received an improper personal
benefit in money, property or services; or
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in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer
had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was
unlawful.
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However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not
indemnify a director or officer for an adverse judgment in a
suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of
liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly
received by such director or officer, unless in either case a
court orders indemnification, and then only for expenses. In
addition, the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to advance
reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon its receipt of:
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a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her
good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct
necessary for indemnification by the corporation; and
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a written undertaking by the director or officer or on the
directors or officers behalf to repay the amount
paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately
determined that the director or officer did not meet the
standard of conduct.
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Our charter authorizes us and our bylaws obligate us, to the
maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to
time, to indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary
determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification,
pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final
disposition of such a proceeding to:
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any present or former director or officer of the Company who is
made, or threatened to be made, a party to the proceeding by
reason of his or her service in that capacity; and
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any individual who, while a director or officer of the Company
and at our request, serves or has served as a director, officer,
partner, trustee, member or manager of another corporation,
REIT, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture,
trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is
made, or threatened to be made, a party to the proceeding by
reason of his or her service in that capacity.
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Our charter and bylaws also permit us, with the approval of our
Board of Directors, to indemnify and advance expenses to any
individual who served our predecessor in any of the capacities
described above and to any employee or agent of the Company or
our predecessor.
Upon completion of this offering, we will enter into
indemnification agreements with each of our directors and
executive officers that will provide for indemnification and
advance of expenses to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland
law. See Certain Relationships and Related
Transactions Indemnification Agreements.
REIT
Qualification
Our charter provides that our Board of Directors may revoke or
otherwise terminate our REIT election, without approval of our
stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best
interests to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a
REIT.
122
PRINCIPAL
STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth information as to the beneficial
ownership of our common stock as of July 11, 2011 and after
giving effect to the sale of the common stock offered hereby and
shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants
sold in the concurrent private placement, by (1) each
person or group who is known to us to own beneficially more than
5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock; (2) each
director and named executive officer; and (3) all directors
and executive officers as a group. The number of shares
beneficially owned included in the table below reflects the
stock dividend that we intend to effect prior to the completion
of this offering.
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Amount of Beneficial
Ownership(1)
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Immediately Prior to
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this
Offering(2)
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Immediately After this
Offering(3)
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Number of
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Shares of
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Percent of
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Name and Address of
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Number of
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Common
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Common
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Beneficial
Owner(4)
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Shares
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Percent
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Stock
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Stock
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Bimini Capital Management, Inc.
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1,063,830
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(5)
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100
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%
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5,563,830
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(6)
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42.6
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%
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Robert E. Cauley
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G. Hunter Haas, IV
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W Coleman Bitting
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John B. Van Heuvelen
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Frank P. Filipps
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Ava L. Parker
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All directors and executive officers as a group
(six persons)
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(1) |
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In accordance with SEC rules,
beneficial ownership includes:
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all shares the investor
actually owns beneficially or of record;
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all shares over which
the investor has or shares voting or dispositive control (such
as in the capacity as a general partner of an investment fund);
and
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all shares the investor
has the right to acquire within 60 days (such as upon
exercise of options that are currently vested or which are
scheduled to vest within 60 days).
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(2)
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Gives effect to the Stock Dividend.
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(3)
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Assumes no exercise of the
underwriters option to purchase additional shares.
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(4)
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The address of Bimini Capital
Management, Inc. and each of the executive officers and
directors listed above is
c/o Bimini
Capital Management Inc., 3305 Flamingo Dr., Vero Beach, FL 32963.
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Consists of shares of our common
stock Bimini will own upon completion of this offering.
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Includes 4,500,000 shares of
common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants Bimini
intends to purchase in the concurrent private placement. The
warrants will become exercisable upon the completion of this
offering and will expire at the close of business
on ,
2018. Shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the
warrants are deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of
ownership of the person holding the warrants, but are not deemed
outstanding for computing the percentage of any other person.
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MATERIAL U.S.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
This section summarizes the material U.S. federal income
tax considerations that you, as a stockholder, may consider
relevant in connection with the purchase, ownership and
disposition of our common stock. Hunton & Williams LLP
has acted as our counsel, has reviewed this summary, and is of
the opinion that the discussion contained herein is accurate in
all material respects. Because this section is a summary, it
does not address all aspects of taxation that may be relevant to
particular stockholders in light of their personal investment or
tax circumstances, or to certain types of stockholders that are
subject to special treatment under the U.S. federal income
tax laws, such as:
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insurance companies;
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tax-exempt organizations (except to the limited extent discussed
in Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders
below);
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financial institutions or broker-dealers;
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non-U.S. individuals,
and
non-U.S. corporations
(except to the limited extent discussed in
Taxation of
Non-U.S. Stockholders
below);
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U.S. expatriates;
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persons who
mark-to-market
our common stock;
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subchapter S corporations;
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U.S. stockholders (as defined below) whose functional
currency is not the U.S. dollar;
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regulated investment companies and REITs;
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trusts and estates (except to the extent discussed herein);
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persons who receive our common stock through the exercise of
employee stock options or otherwise as compensation;
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persons holding our common stock as part of a
straddle, hedge, conversion
transaction, synthetic security or other
integrated investment;
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persons subject to the alternative minimum tax provisions of the
Code;
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persons holding our common stock through a partnership or
similar pass-through entity; and
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persons holding a 10% or more (by vote or value) beneficial
interest in our stock.
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This summary assumes that stockholders hold our common stock as
capital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which
generally means property held for investment.
The statements in this section are not intended to be, and
should not be construed as, tax advice. The statements in this
section are based on the Code, current, temporary and proposed
U.S. Treasury regulations, the legislative history of the
Code, current administrative interpretations and practices of
the IRS, and court decisions. The reference to IRS
interpretations and practices includes the IRS practices and
policies endorsed in private letter rulings, which are not
binding on the IRS except with respect to the taxpayer that
receives the ruling. In each case, these sources are relied upon
as they exist on the date of this discussion. Future
legislation, U.S. Treasury regulations, administrative
interpretations and court decisions could change current law or
adversely affect existing interpretations of current law on
which the information in this section is based. Any such change
could apply retroactively. We have not received any rulings from
the IRS concerning our qualification as a REIT. Accordingly,
even if there is no change in the applicable law, no assurance
can be provided that the statements made in the following
discussion, which do not bind the IRS or the courts, will not be
challenged by the IRS or will be sustained by a court if so
challenged.
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WE URGE YOU TO CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE
SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES TO YOU OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND
SALE OF OUR COMMON STOCK AND OF OUR ELECTION TO BE TAXED AS A
REIT. SPECIFICALLY, YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISOR
REGARDING THE FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN AND OTHER TAX
CONSEQUENCES OF SUCH PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP, SALE AND ELECTION, AND
REGARDING POTENTIAL CHANGES IN APPLICABLE TAX LAWS.
Taxation of Our
Company
We were organized on August 17, 2010 as a Maryland
corporation. From the time of our formation until the closing of
this offering, we will be a qualified REIT
subsidiary of Bimini. As described below, a corporation
that is a qualified REIT subsidiary is not treated
as a corporation separate from its parent REIT for
U.S. federal income tax purposes. We intend to elect to be
taxed as a REIT commencing with our short taxable year ending on
December 31, 2011. We believe that, commencing with such
short taxable year, we will be organized in conformity with the
requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Code, and we
intend to operate in a manner that will enable us to meet, on a
continuing basis, the requirements for qualification as a REIT,
but no assurances can be given that we will be successful in
operating in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a
REIT. This section discusses the laws governing the
U.S. federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its
stockholders. These laws are highly technical and complex.
In connection with this offering, Hunton & Williams
LLP is rendering an opinion that, commencing with our short
taxable year ending on December 31, 2011, we will be
organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification
and taxation as a REIT under the U.S. federal income tax
laws, and our intended method of operations will enable us to
satisfy the requirements for qualification and taxation as a
REIT under the U.S. federal income tax laws for our short
taxable year ending December 31, 2011 and thereafter.
Investors should be aware that Hunton & Williams
LLPs opinion is based upon customary assumptions, will be
conditioned upon certain representations made by us as to
factual matters, including representations regarding the nature
of our assets and the conduct of our business, is not binding
upon the IRS, or any court, and speaks as of the date issued. In
addition, Hunton & Williams LLPs opinion will be
based on existing U.S. federal income tax law governing
qualification as a REIT, which is subject to change either
prospectively or retroactively. Moreover, our qualification and
taxation as a REIT will depend upon our ability to meet on a
continuing basis, through actual annual operating results,
certain qualification tests set forth in the U.S. federal
tax laws. Those qualification tests involve, among others, the
percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the
percentage of our assets that falls within specified categories,
the diversity of our stock ownership, and the percentage of our
earnings that we distribute. Hunton & Williams LLP
will not review our compliance with those tests on a continuing
basis. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that our actual
results of operations for any particular taxable year will
satisfy such requirements. Hunton & Williams
LLPs opinion does not foreclose the possibility that we
may have to use one or more REIT savings provisions discussed
below, which could require us to pay an excise or penalty tax
(which could be material) in order for us to maintain our REIT
qualification. For a discussion of the tax consequences of our
failure to qualify as a REIT, see Failure to
Qualify.
As long as we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be
subject to U.S. federal income tax on the REIT taxable
income that we distribute to our stockholders. However, taxable
income generated by any TRSs that we may own will be subject to
regular corporate income tax. The benefit of REIT tax treatment
is that it avoids the double taxation, or taxation at both the
corporate and stockholder levels, that generally results from
owning stock in a corporation. However, we will be subject to
U.S. federal tax in the following circumstances:
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We will pay U.S. federal income tax on taxable income,
including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to
stockholders during, or within a specified time period after,
the calendar year in which the income is earned.
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We may be subject to the alternative minimum tax on
any items of tax preference that we do not distribute or
allocate to stockholders.
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We will pay income tax at the highest corporate rate on:
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net income from the sale or other disposition of property
acquired through foreclosure, or foreclosure property, that we
hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of
business, and
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other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property.
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We will pay a 100% tax on our net income earned from prohibited
transactions involving sales or other dispositions of property,
other than foreclosure property, that we hold primarily for sale
to customers in the ordinary course of business.
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If we fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross
income test, as described below under Gross
Income Tests, and nonetheless continue to qualify as a
REIT because we meet other requirements, we will pay a 100% tax
on the greater of the amount by which we fail the 75% gross
income test or the 95% gross income test multiplied in either
case by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.
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In the event of a failure of the asset tests (other than a de
minimis failure of the 5% asset test or the 10% vote test or the
10% value test (as described below under Asset
Tests)), as long as the failure was due to reasonable
cause and not to willful neglect, we file a description of the
assets that caused such failure with the IRS, and we dispose of
the assets or otherwise comply with the asset tests within six
months after the last day of the quarter in which we identify
such failure, we will pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000
or 35% of the net income from the nonqualifying assets during
the period in which we failed to satisfy any of the asset tests.
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If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT
qualification, other than the gross income tests or the asset
tests, as long as such failure was due to reasonable cause and
not to willful neglect, we will be required to pay a penalty of
$50,000 for each such failure.
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If we fail to distribute during a calendar year at least the sum
of:
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85% of our REIT ordinary income for the year,
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95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the year, and
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any undistributed taxable income required to be distributed from
earlier periods,
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we will pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of the
required distribution over the sum of (1) the amount we
actually distributed and (2) any retained amounts on which
income tax has been paid at the corporate level.
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We may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net long-term
capital gain. In that case, a U.S. stockholder would be
taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term
capital gain (to the extent that we make a timely designation of
such gain to the stockholder) and would receive a credit or
refund for its proportionate share of the tax we paid.
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We will be subject to a 100% excise tax on transactions with a
TRS that are not conducted on an arms-length basis.
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If we acquire any asset from a C corporation, or a corporation
that generally is subject to full corporate-level tax, in a
merger or other transaction in which we acquire a basis in the
asset that is determined by reference either to the C
corporations basis in the asset or to another asset, we
will pay tax at the highest regular corporate rate applicable if
we recognize gain on
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the sale or disposition of the asset during the
10-year
period after we acquire the asset. The amount of gain on which
we will pay tax is the lesser of:
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the amount of gain that we recognize at the time of the sale or
disposition, and
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the amount of gain that we would have recognized if we had sold
the asset at the time we acquired it.
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We may be required to pay monetary penalties to the IRS in
certain circumstances, including if we fail to meet
record-keeping requirements intended to monitor our compliance
with rules relating to the composition of a REITs
stockholders, as described below in
Recordkeeping Requirements.
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The earnings of our lower-tier entities that are subchapter C
corporations, including any TRS, will be subject to
U.S. federal corporate income tax.
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In addition, notwithstanding our qualification as a REIT, we may
also have to pay certain state and local income taxes, because
not all states and localities treat REITs in the same manner
that they are treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Moreover, as further described below, TRSs will be subject to
federal, state and local corporate income tax on their taxable
income.
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Although we do not expect to own an equity interest in a taxable
mortgage pool, if we were to own such an interest we would be
subject to tax on a portion of any excess inclusion income equal
to the percentage of our stock that is held in record name by
disqualified organizations. A disqualified
organization includes (i) the United States;
(ii) any state or political subdivision of the United
states; (iii) any foreign government; (iv) any
international organization; (v) any agency or
instrumentality of any of the foregoing; (vi) any other
tax-exempt organization (other than a farmers cooperative
described in Section 521 of the Code) that is exempt from
income taxation and is not subject to taxation under the
unrelated business taxable income provisions of the Code; and
(vii) any rural electrical or telephone cooperative. We do
not currently intend to engage in financing activities that may
result in treatment of us or a portion of our assets as a
taxable mortgage pool. For a discussion of excess
inclusion income, see Requirements for
Qualification Taxable Mortgage Pools.
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Requirements for
Qualification
A REIT is a corporation, trust, or association that meets each
of the following requirements:
(1) It is managed by one or more trustees or directors.
(2) Its beneficial ownership is evidenced by transferable
shares, or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest.
(3) It would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for
the REIT provisions of the U.S. federal income tax laws.
(4) It is neither a financial institution nor an insurance
company subject to special provisions of the U.S. federal
income tax laws.
(5) At least 100 persons are beneficial owners of its
shares or ownership certificates.
(6) Not more than 50% in value of its outstanding shares or
ownership certificates is owned, directly or indirectly, by five
or fewer individuals, which the Code defines to include certain
entities, during the last half of any taxable year.
(7) It elects to be a REIT, or has made such election for a
previous taxable year, and satisfies all relevant filing and
other administrative requirements established by the IRS that
must be met to elect and maintain REIT status.
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(8) It meets certain other qualification tests, described
below, regarding the nature of its income and assets and the
distribution of its income.
(9) It uses a calendar year for U.S. federal income
tax purposes and complies with the recordkeeping requirements of
the U.S. federal income tax laws.
(10) It has no earnings and profits from any non-REIT
taxable year at the close of any taxable year.
We must meet requirements 1 through 4, 7, 8 and 9 during our
entire taxable year, meet requirement 10 at the close of each
taxable year and meet requirement 5 during at least
335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a
proportionate part of a taxable year of less than
12 months. Requirements 5 and 6 will apply to us beginning
with our 2012 taxable year. If we comply with all the
requirements for ascertaining the ownership of our outstanding
stock in a taxable year and have no reason to know that we
violated requirement 6, we will be deemed to have satisfied
requirement 6 for that taxable year. For purposes of determining
share ownership under requirement 6, an individual
generally includes a supplemental unemployment compensation
benefits plan, a private foundation, or a portion of a trust
permanently set aside or used exclusively for charitable
purposes. An individual, however, generally does not
include a trust that is a qualified employee pension or profit
sharing trust under the U.S. federal income tax laws, and
beneficiaries of such a trust will be treated as holding our
stock in proportion to their actuarial interests in the trust
for purposes of requirement 6.
Our charter provides restrictions regarding the transfer and
ownership of our common stock. See Description of
Securities Restrictions on Ownership and
Transfer. We believe that we will issue sufficient common
stock with sufficient diversity of ownership to allow us to
satisfy requirements 5 and 6 above. The restrictions in our
charter are intended (among other things) to assist us in
continuing to satisfy requirements 5 and 6 described above.
These restrictions, however, may not ensure that we will, in all
cases, be able to satisfy such stock ownership requirements. If
we fail to satisfy these stock ownership requirements, our
qualification as a REIT may terminate.
Qualified REIT Subsidiaries. A corporation
that is a qualified REIT subsidiary is not treated
as a corporation separate from its parent REIT. A
qualified REIT subsidiary is disregarded for
U.S. federal income tax purposes, and all assets,
liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of a
qualified REIT subsidiary are treated as assets,
liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of the
REIT. A qualified REIT subsidiary is a corporation,
other than a TRS, all of the capital stock of which is owned by
the REIT and that has not elected to be a TRS. Thus, in applying
the requirements described herein, any qualified REIT
subsidiary that we own will be ignored, and all assets,
liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of such
subsidiary will be treated as our assets, liabilities, and items
of income, deduction, and credit for all purposes of the Code,
including the REIT qualification tests.
Other Disregarded Entities and
Partnerships. An unincorporated domestic entity,
such as a partnership or limited liability company that has a
single owner, generally is not treated as an entity separate
from its parent for U.S. federal income tax purposes. An
unincorporated domestic entity with two or more owners generally
is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a
partnership that has other partners, the REIT is treated as
owning its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership
and as earning its allocable share of the gross income of the
partnership for purposes of the applicable REIT qualification
tests. For purposes of the 10% value test (see
Asset Tests), our proportionate share
will be based on our proportionate interest in the equity
interests and certain debt securities issued by the partnership.
For all of the other asset and income tests, our proportionate
share is based on our proportionate interest in the capital
interests in the partnership. Thus, our proportionate share of
the assets, liabilities, and items of income of any partnership,
joint venture, or limited liability company that is treated as a
partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes in which
we acquire an interest, directly or indirectly, will be treated
as our assets and gross income for purposes of applying the
various REIT qualification requirements.
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Taxable REIT Subsidiaries. A REIT is permitted
to own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. A TRS is a
fully taxable corporation that may earn income that would not be
qualifying income if earned directly by the parent REIT. The
subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the
subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation with respect to which a TRS
directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or
value of the outstanding securities will automatically be
treated as a TRS. However, an entity will not qualify as a TRS
if it directly or indirectly operates or manages a lodging or
health care facility or, generally, provides to another person,
under a franchise, license or otherwise, rights to any brand
name under which any lodging facility or health care facility is
operated. We generally may not own more than 10%, as measured by
voting power or value, of the securities of a corporation that
is not a qualified REIT subsidiary or a REIT unless we and such
corporation elect to treat such corporation as a TRS. Overall,
no more than 25% of the value of a REITs total assets may
consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs.
Domestic TRSs are subject to U.S. federal income tax, as
well as state and local income tax where applicable, on their
taxable income. To the extent that a domestic TRS is required to
pay taxes, it will have less cash available for distribution to
us. If dividends are paid to us by our domestic TRSs, then the
dividends we pay to our stockholders who are taxed at individual
rates, up to the amount of dividends we receive from our
domestic TRSs, will generally be eligible to be taxed at the
reduced 15% rate applicable to qualified dividend income through
2012. See Taxation of Taxable
U.S. Stockholders.
The TRS rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or
accrued by a TRS to its parent REIT to assure that the TRS is
subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. Further,
the rules impose a 100% excise tax on transactions between a TRS
and its parent REIT or the REITs tenants that are not
conducted on an arms-length basis. We intend that all of
our transactions with any TRS that we form will be conducted on
an arms-length basis, but there can be no assurance that
we will be successful in this regard.
Taxable Mortgage Pools. An entity, or a
portion of an entity, may be classified as a taxable mortgage
pool, or TMP, under the Code if:
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substantially all of its assets consist of debt obligations or
interests in debt obligations;
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more than 50% of those debt obligations are real estate mortgage
loans or interests in real estate mortgage loans as of specified
testing dates;
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the entity has issued debt obligations that have two or more
maturities; and
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the payments required to be made by the entity on its debt
obligations bear a relationship to the payments to
be received by the entity on the debt obligations that it holds
as assets.
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Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if less than 80% of the
assets of an entity (or a portion of an entity) consist of debt
obligations, these debt obligations are not considered to
comprise substantially all of its assets, and
therefore the entity would not be treated as a TMP.
A TMP is generally treated as a corporation for
U.S. federal income tax purposes. It cannot be included in
any consolidated U.S. federal corporate income tax return.
However, if a REIT is a taxable mortgage pool, or if a REIT owns
a qualified REIT subsidiary that is a taxable mortgage pool,
then a portion of the REITs income will be treated as
excess inclusion income and a portion of the
dividends the REIT pays to its stockholders will be considered
to be excess inclusion income. A stockholders share of
excess inclusion income (a) would not be allowed to be
offset by any losses otherwise available to the stockholder,
(b) would be subject to tax as unrelated business taxable
income, or UBTI, in the hands of most types of stockholders that
are otherwise generally exempt from U.S. federal income
tax, and (c) would result in the application of
U.S. federal income tax withholding at the maximum rate
(30%), without reduction under any otherwise applicable income
tax treaty, to the extent allocable to most types of foreign
stockholders. IRS guidance indicates that a REITs excess
inclusion income will be allocated among its stockholders in
proportion to its dividends paid. However,
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the manner in which excess inclusion income would be allocated
to dividends attributable to a tax year that are not paid until
a subsequent tax year or to dividends attributable to a portion
of a tax year when no excess inclusion income-generating assets
were held or how such income is to be reported to stockholders
is not clear under current law. Although the law is unclear, the
IRS has taken the position that a REIT is taxable at the highest
corporate tax rate on the portion of any excess inclusion income
that it derives from an equity interest in a TMP equal to the
percentage of its stock that is held in record name by
disqualified organizations (as defined above under
Taxation of Our Company). In that case,
under our charter, we will reduce distributions to such
stockholders by the amount of tax paid by us that is
attributable to such stockholders ownership.
U.S. Treasury regulations provide that such a reduction in
distributions does not give rise to a preferential dividend that
could adversely affect our compliance with the distribution
requirement. (see Distribution
Requirement.)
If we own less than 100% of the ownership interests in a
subsidiary that is a TMP, the foregoing rules would not apply.
Rather, the subsidiary would be treated as a corporation for
U.S. federal income tax purposes, and would be subject to
federal corporate income tax. In addition, this characterization
would alter our REIT income and asset test calculations and
could adversely affect our compliance with those requirements.
Although we will leverage our investments in Agency RMBS, we
believe that our financing transactions will not cause us or any
portion of our assets to be treated as a TMP, and we do not
expect that any portion of our dividend distributions will be
treated as excess inclusion income.
Gross Income
Tests
We must satisfy two gross income tests annually to qualify as a
REIT. First, at least 75% of our gross income for each taxable
year must consist of defined types of income that we derive,
directly or indirectly, from investments relating to real
property or mortgage loans on real property or qualified
temporary investment income. Qualifying income for purposes of
the 75% gross income test generally includes:
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rents from real property;
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interest on debt secured by a mortgage on real property, or on
interests in real property;
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dividends or other distributions on, and gain from the sale of,
shares in other REITs;
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gain from the sale of real estate assets;
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income derived from a real estate mortgage investment conduit,
or REMIC, in proportion to the real estate assets held by the
REMIC, unless at least 95% of the REMICs assets are real
estate assets, in which case all of the income derived from the
REMIC; and
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income derived from the temporary investment of new capital that
is attributable to the issuance of our stock or a public
offering of our debt with a maturity date of at least five years
and that we receive during the one-year period beginning on the
date on which we received such new capital.
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Second, in general, at least 95% of our gross income for each
taxable year must consist of income that is qualifying income
for purposes of the 75% gross income test, other types of
interest and dividends, gain from the sale or disposition of
stock or securities, or any combination of these. Gross income
from our sale of property that we hold primarily for sale to
customers in the ordinary course of business is excluded from
both the numerator and the denominator in both gross income
tests. In addition, income and gain from hedging
transactions, as defined in Hedging
Transactions, that we enter into to hedge indebtedness
incurred or to be incurred to acquire or carry real estate
assets and that are clearly and timely identified as such will
be excluded from both the numerator and the denominator for
purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. In addition,
certain foreign currency gains will be excluded from gross
income for purposes of one or both of the gross income tests.
See Foreign Currency Gain. We will
monitor the amount of our non-qualifying
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income and will seek to manage our investment portfolio to
comply at all times with the gross income tests. The following
paragraphs discuss the specific application of the gross income
tests to us.
Interest. The term interest, as
defined for purposes of both gross income tests, generally
excludes any amount that is based in whole or in part on the
income or profits of any person. However, interest generally
includes the following:
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an amount that is based on a fixed percentage or percentages of
receipts or sales; and
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an amount that is based on the income or profits of a debtor, as
long as the debtor derives substantially all of its income from
the real property securing the debt from leasing substantially
all of its interest in the property, and only to the extent that
the amounts received by the debtor would be qualifying
rents from real property if received directly by a
REIT.
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If a loan contains a provision that entitles a REIT to a
percentage of the borrowers gain upon the sale of the real
property securing the loan or a percentage of the appreciation
in the propertys value as of a specific date, income
attributable to that loan provision will be treated as gain from
the sale of the property securing the loan, which generally is
qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests.
Interest on debt secured by a mortgage on real property or on
interests in real property, including, for this purpose, market
discount, original issue discount, discount points, prepayment
penalties, loan assumption fees, and late payment charges that
are not compensation for services, generally is qualifying
income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. However, if a
loan is secured by real property and other property and the
highest principal amount of a loan outstanding during a taxable
year exceeds the fair market value of the real property securing
the loan as of the date the REIT agreed to originate or acquire
the loan, a portion of the interest income from such loan will
not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income
test, but will be qualifying income for purposes of the 95%
gross income test. The portion of the interest income that will
not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income
test will be equal to the portion of the principal amount of the
loan that is not secured by real property that is,
the amount by which the loan exceeds the value of the real
estate that is security for the loan.
We intend to invest in Agency RMBS that are pass-through
certificates and CMOs (including IOs, IIOs, and POs). Other
than income from derivative instruments, as described below, we
expect that all of the income on our Agency RMBS will be
qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test. We
expect that the Agency RMBS that are pass-through certificates
will be treated as interests in a grantor trust and that Agency
RMBS that are CMOs will be treated as regular interests in a
REMIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In the case of
Agency RMBS treated as interests in a grantor trust, we would be
treated as owning an undivided beneficial ownership interest in
the mortgage loans held by the grantor trust. The interest on
such mortgage loans would be qualifying income for purposes of
the 75% gross income test to the extent that the obligation is
secured by real property, as discussed above. Although the IRS
has ruled generally that the interest income from non-CMO Agency
RMBS is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income
test, it is not clear how this guidance would apply to secondary
market purchases of non-CMO Agency RMBS at a time when the
loan-to-value
ratio of one or more of the mortgage loans backing the Agency
RMBS is greater than 100%. In the case of Agency RMBS treated as
interests in a REMIC, such as CMOs, income derived from REMIC
interests will generally be treated as qualifying income for
purposes of the 75% gross income test. If less than 95% of the
assets of the REMIC are real estate assets, however, then only a
proportionate part of our income from our interest in the REMIC
will qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Although
the law is not clear, the IRS may take the position that this
test is measured on a quarterly basis. In addition, some REMIC
securitizations include imbedded interest rate swap or cap
contracts or other derivative instruments that potentially could
produce nonqualifying income for the holders of the related
REMIC securities. We expect that a sufficient portion of income
from our Agency RMBS will be qualifying income so that we will
satisfy both the 95% and 75% gross
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income tests. However, there can be no assurance that we will
satisfy both the 95% and 75% gross income tests. We may purchase
Agency RMBS through delayed delivery contracts, including TBAs.
We may recognize income or gains on the disposition of delayed
delivery contracts. For example, rather than take delivery of
the Agency RMBS subject to a TBA, we may dispose of the TBA
through a roll transaction in which we agree to
purchase similar securities in the future at a predetermined
price or otherwise, which may result in the recognition of
income or gains. We will account for roll transactions as
purchases and sales. The law is unclear with respect to the
qualification of gains from dispositions of delayed delivery
contracts as gains from the sale of real property (including
interests in real property and interests in mortgages on real
property) or other qualifying income for purposes of the 75%
gross income test. Until we receive a favorable private letter
ruling from the IRS or we receive an opinion of counsel to the
effect that income and gain from the disposition of delayed
delivery contracts should be treated as qualifying income for
purposes of the 75% gross income test, we will limit our gains
from dispositions of delayed delivery contracts and any
non-qualifying income to no more than 25% of our gross income
for each calendar year. Accordingly, our ability to dispose of
delayed delivery contracts through roll transactions or
otherwise could be limited. Moreover, even if we are advised by
counsel that income and gains from dispositions of delayed
delivery contracts should be treated as qualifying income, it is
possible that the IRS could successfully take the position that
such income is not qualifying income. In the event that such
income were determined not to be qualifying for the 75% gross
income test, we could be subject to a penalty tax or we could
fail to qualify as a REIT if such income and any non-qualifying
income exceeds 25% of our gross income. See
Failure to Qualify.
Dividends. Our share of any dividends received
from any corporation (including any TRS, but excluding any REIT)
in which we own an equity interest will qualify for purposes of
the 95% gross income test but not for purposes of the 75% gross
income test. Our share of any dividends received from any other
REIT in which we own an equity interest will be qualifying
income for purposes of both gross income tests.
Fee Income. Fee income will be qualifying
income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests
if it is received in consideration for entering into an
agreement to make a loan secured by real property and the fees
are not determined by income and profits. Other fees, such as
fees received for servicing or originating loans, are not
qualifying for purposes of either gross income test. We
currently do not anticipate earning non-qualifying fee income.
Foreign Currency Gain. Certain foreign
currency gains will be excluded from gross income for purposes
of one or both of the gross income tests. Real estate
foreign exchange gain is excluded from gross income for
purposes of the 75% gross income test. Real estate foreign
exchange gain generally includes foreign currency gain
attributable to any item of income or gain that is qualifying
income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, foreign
currency gain attributable to the acquisition or ownership of
(or becoming or being the obligor under) obligations secured by
mortgages on real property or on interest in real property and
certain foreign currency gain attributable to certain
qualified business units of a REIT. Passive
foreign exchange gain is excluded from gross income for
purposes of the 95% gross income test. Passive foreign exchange
gain generally includes real estate foreign exchange gain as
described above, and also includes foreign currency gain
attributable to any item of income or gain that is qualifying
income for purposes of the 95% gross income test and foreign
currency gain attributable to the acquisition or ownership of
(or becoming or being the obligor under) obligations. Because
passive foreign exchange gain includes real estate foreign
exchange gain, real estate foreign exchange gain is excluded
from gross income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross
income tests. These exclusions for real estate foreign exchange
gain and passive foreign exchange gain do not apply to foreign
currency gain derived from dealing, or engaging in substantial
and regular trading, in securities. Such gain is treated as
nonqualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross
income tests.
Rents from Real Property. We currently do not
hold, and do not intend to acquire, any real property, but we
may acquire real property or an interest therein in the future.
To the extent that we acquire real property or an interest
therein, rents we receive will qualify as rents from real
property in
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satisfying the gross income requirements for a REIT described
above only if the following conditions are met:
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First, the amount of rent must not be based in whole or in part
on the income or profits of any person. However, an amount
received or accrued generally will not be excluded from rents
from real property solely by reason of being based on fixed
percentages of receipts or sales.
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Second, rents we receive from a related party tenant
will not qualify as rents from real property in satisfying the
gross income tests unless the tenant is a TRS, and either
(i) at least 90% of the property is leased to unrelated
tenants and the rent paid by the TRS is substantially comparable
to the rent paid by the unrelated tenants for comparable space
or (ii) the TRS leases a qualified lodging facility or
qualified health care property and engages an eligible
independent contractor to operate such facility or
property on its behalf. A tenant is a related party tenant if
the REIT, or an actual or constructive owner of 10% or more of
the REIT, actually or constructively owns 10% or more of the
tenant.
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Third, if rent attributable to personal property, leased in
connection with a lease of real property, is greater than 15% of
the total rent received under the lease, then the portion of
rent attributable to the personal property will not qualify as
rents from real property.
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Fourth, we generally must not operate or manage our real
property or furnish or render noncustomary services to our
tenants, other than through an independent
contractor who is adequately compensated and from whom we
do not derive revenue. However, we may provide services directly
to tenants if the services are usually or customarily
rendered in connection with the rental of space for
occupancy only and are not considered to be provided for the
tenants convenience. In addition, we may provide a minimal
amount of noncustomary services to the tenants of a
property, other than through an independent contractor, as long
as our income from the services (valued at not less than 150% of
our direct cost of performing such services) does not exceed 1%
of our income from the related property. Furthermore, we may own
up to 100% of the stock of a TRS, which may provide customary
and noncustomary services to tenants without tainting our rental
income from the related properties.
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Hedging Transactions. From time to time, we
will enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more
of our assets or liabilities. Income and gain from hedging
transactions will be excluded from gross income for
purposes of the 95% gross income test and the 75% gross income
test. A hedging transaction includes any transaction
entered into in the normal course of our trade or business
primarily to manage the risk of interest rate changes, price
changes, or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings
made or to be made, or ordinary obligations incurred or to be
incurred, to acquire or carry real estate assets. A
hedging transaction also includes any transaction
entered into primarily to manage risk of currency fluctuations
with respect to any item of income or gain that is qualifying
income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income test (or any
property which generates such income or gain). We will be
required to clearly identify any such hedging transaction before
the close of the day on which it was acquired, originated, or
entered into and to satisfy other identification requirements.
To the extent that we hedge for other purposes or to the extent
that a portion of the assets financed with the applicable
borrowing are not treated as real estate assets (as
described below under Asset Tests) or in
certain other situations, the income from those transactions
will likely be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of
the gross income tests. We intend to structure any hedging
transactions in a manner that is consistent with satisfying the
requirements for qualification as a REIT, but we cannot assure
you that we will be able to do so. We may, however, find that in
certain instances we must hedge risks incurred by us through
transactions entered into by a TRS. Hedging our risk through a
TRS would be inefficient on an after-tax basis because of the
tax liability imposed on the TRS.
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Prohibited Transactions. A REIT will incur a
100% tax on the net income (including foreign currency gain)
derived from any sale or other disposition of property, other
than foreclosure property, that the REIT holds primarily for
sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.
Any such income will be excluded from the application of the 75%
and 95% gross income tests. Whether a REIT holds an asset
primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of
a trade or business depends, however, on the facts and
circumstances in effect from time to time, including those
related to a particular asset. We believe that none of our
assets will be held primarily for sale to customers and that a
sale of any of our assets will not be in the ordinary course of
our business. There can be no assurance, however, that the IRS
will not successfully assert a contrary position, in which case
we would be subject to the prohibited transaction tax on the
gain from the sale of those assets. To the extent we intend to
dispose of an asset that may be treated as held primarily
for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or
business, we may contribute the asset to a TRS prior to
the disposition.
Foreclosure Property. We will be subject to
tax at the maximum corporate rate on any income (including
foreign currency gain) from foreclosure property, other than
income that otherwise would be qualifying income for purposes of
the 75% gross income test, less expenses directly connected with
the production of that income. However, gross income from
foreclosure property will qualify under the 75% and 95% gross
income tests as long as the property qualifies as foreclosure
property (see the discussion below regarding the grace period
during which property qualifies as foreclosure property).
Foreclosure property is any real property, including interests
in real property, and any personal property incident to such
real property:
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that is acquired by a REIT as the result of the REIT having bid
on such property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced
such property to ownership or possession by agreement or process
of law, after there was a default or default was imminent on a
lease of such property or on indebtedness that such property
secured;
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for which the related loan or lease was acquired by the REIT at
a time when the default was not imminent or anticipated; and
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for which the REIT makes a proper election to treat the property
as foreclosure property.
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A REIT will not be considered to have foreclosed on a property
where the REIT takes control of the property as a
mortgagee-in-possession
and cannot receive any profit or sustain any loss except as a
creditor of the mortgagor. Property generally ceases to be
foreclosure property at the end of the third taxable year
following the taxable year in which the REIT acquired the
property, or longer if an extension is granted by the Secretary
of the Treasury. This grace period terminates and foreclosure
property ceases to be foreclosure property on the first day:
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on which a lease is entered into for the property that, by its
terms, will give rise to income that does not qualify for
purposes of the 75% gross income test disregarding income from
foreclosure property, or any amount is received or accrued,
directly or indirectly, pursuant to a lease entered into on or
after such day that will give rise to income that does not
qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test disregarding
income from foreclosure property;
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on which any construction takes place on the property, other
than completion of a building or any other improvement, where
more than 10% of the construction was completed before default
became imminent; or
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which is more than 90 days after the day on which the REIT
acquired the property and the property is used in a trade or
business which is conducted by the REIT, other than through an
independent contractor from whom the REIT itself does not derive
or receive any income.
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Failure to Satisfy Gross Income Tests. If we
fail to satisfy one or both of the gross income tests for any
taxable year, we nevertheless may qualify as a REIT for that
year if we qualify for relief
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under certain provisions of the U.S. federal income tax
laws. Those relief provisions generally will be available if:
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our failure to meet such tests is due to reasonable cause and
not due to willful neglect; and
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following such failure for any taxable year, a schedule of the
sources of our income is filed with the IRS.
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We cannot predict, however, whether in all circumstances we
would qualify for the relief provisions. In addition, as
discussed above in Taxation of Our
Company, even if the relief provisions apply, we would
incur a 100% tax on the gross income attributable to the greater
of the amount by which we fail the 75% gross income test or the
95% gross income test, multiplied, in either case, by a fraction
intended to reflect our profitability.
Asset
Tests
To qualify as a REIT, we also must satisfy the following asset
tests at the end of each quarter of each taxable year. First, at
least 75% of the value of our total assets must consist of:
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cash or cash items, including certain receivables;
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government securities;
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interests in real property, including leaseholds and options to
acquire real property and leaseholds;
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interests in mortgage loans secured by real property;
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stock (or transferable certificates of beneficial interest) in
other REITs;
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investments in stock or debt instruments during the one-year
period following our receipt of new capital that we raise
through equity offerings or public offerings of debt with at
least a five-year term; and
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regular or residual interests in a REMIC. However, if less than
95% of the assets of a REMIC consists of assets that are
qualifying real estate-related assets under the
U.S. federal income tax laws, determined as if we held such
assets, we will be treated as holding directly our proportionate
share of the assets of such REMIC.
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Second, of our investments not included in the 75% asset class,
the value of our interest in any one issuers securities
(other than any TRS we may own) may not exceed 5% of the value
of our total assets, or the 5% asset test.
Third, of our investments not included in the 75% asset class,
we may not own (i) more than 10% of the total voting power
of any one issuers outstanding securities, which we refer
to as the 10% vote test, or (ii) more than 10% of the total
value of any one issuers outstanding securities, which we
refer to as the 10% value test.
Fourth, no more than 25% of the value of our total assets may
consist of the securities of one or more TRSs.
Fifth, no more than 25% of the value of our total assets may
consist of the securities of TRSs and other non-TRS taxable
subsidiaries and other assets that are not qualifying assets for
purposes of the 75% asset test, or the 25% securities test.
For purposes of the 5% asset test, the 10% vote test, the 10%
value test and the 25% securities test, the term
securities does not include stock in another REIT,
equity or debt securities of
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a qualified REIT subsidiary, mortgage loans or mortgage-backed
securities that constitute real estate assets. For purposes of
the 10% value test, the term securities does not
include:
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Straight debt securities, which is defined as a
written unconditional promise to pay on demand or on a specified
date a sum certain in money if (i) the debt is not
convertible, directly or indirectly, into stock, and
(ii) the interest rate and interest payment dates are not
contingent on profits, the borrowers discretion, or
similar factors. Straight debt securities do not
include any securities issued by a partnership or a corporation
in which we or any controlled TRS (i.e., a TRS in which we own
directly or indirectly more than 50% of the voting power or
value of the stock) hold non-straight debt
securities that have an aggregate value of more than 1% of the
issuers outstanding securities. However, straight
debt securities include debt subject to the following
contingencies:
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a contingency relating to the time of payment of interest or
principal, as long as either (i) there is no change to the
effective yield of the debt obligation, other than a change to
the annual yield that does not exceed the greater of 0.25% or 5%
of the annual yield, or (ii) neither the aggregate issue
price nor the aggregate face amount of the issuers debt
obligations held by us exceeds $1 million and no more than
12 months of unaccrued interest on the debt obligations can
be required to be prepaid; and
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a contingency relating to the time or amount of payment upon a
default or prepayment of a debt obligation, as long as the
contingency is consistent with customary commercial practice.
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Any loan to an individual or an estate.
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Any section 467 rental agreement, other
than an agreement with a related party tenant.
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Any obligation to pay rents from real property.
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Certain securities issued by governmental entities.
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Any security issued by a REIT.
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Any debt instrument of an entity treated as a partnership for
U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of our
interest as a partner in the partnership.
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Any debt instrument of an entity treated as a partnership for
U.S. federal income tax purposes not described in the
preceding bullet points if at least 75% of the
partnerships gross income, excluding income from
prohibited transactions, is qualifying income for purposes of
the 75% gross income test described above in
Gross Income Tests.
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For purposes of the 10% value test, our proportionate share of
the assets of a partnership is our proportionate interest in any
securities issued by the partnership, without regard to the
securities described in the last two bullet points above.
We expect that our investments in Agency RMBS will be qualifying
assets for purposes of the 75% asset test because they are real
estate assets or government securities. With respect to Agency
RMBS that are pass-through certificates, we expect that the
Agency RMBS will be treated as interests in a grantor trust and
that Agency RMBS that are CMOs (including IOs, IIOs, and
POs) will be treated as regular interests in a REMIC for
U.S. federal income tax purposes. In the case of Agency
RMBS treated as interests in a grantor trust, we would be
treated as owning an undivided beneficial ownership interest in
the mortgage loans held by the grantor trust. Such mortgage
loans will generally qualify as real estate assets to the extent
that they are secured by real property. The IRS recently issued
Revenue Procedure
2011-16,
which provided a safe harbor under which the IRS has stated that
it will not challenge a REITs treatment of a loan as
being, in part, a qualifying real estate asset in an amount
equal to the lesser of (1) the fair market value of the
real property securing the loan determined as of the date the
REIT committed to acquire the loan or (2) the fair market
value of the loan on the date of the relevant quarterly REIT
asset testing date. Additionally, although the IRS has ruled
generally that
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Agency RMBS that are pass-through certificates are real estate
assets for purposes of the 75% asset test, it is not clear how
this guidance would apply to secondary market purchases of
Agency RMBS that are pass-through certificates at a time when a
portion of one or more mortgage loans backing the Agency RMBS is
not treated as real estate assets as a result of the loans not
being treated as fully secured by real property. In the case of
Agency RMBS that are CMOs, which will be treated as regular
interests in a REMIC, such interests will generally qualify as
real estate assets. If less than 95% of the assets of the REMIC
are real estate assets, however, then only a proportionate part
of our interest in the REMIC interests will qualify as real
estate assets. Although the law is not clear, the IRS may take
the position that this test is measured on a quarterly basis. To
the extent any Agency RMBS are not treated as real estate
assets, we expect such Agency RMBS will be treated as government
securities because they are issued or guaranteed as to principal
or interest by the United States or by a person controlled or
supervised by and acting as an instrumentality of the government
of the United States pursuant to authority granted by the
Congress of the United States.
We have entered and intend to enter into repurchase agreements
under which we would nominally sell certain of our Agency RMBS
to a counterparty and simultaneously enter into an agreement to
repurchase the sold assets in exchange for a purchase price that
reflects a financing charge. Based on positions the IRS has
taken in analogous situations, we believe that these
transactions will be treated as secured debt and that we will be
treated for REIT asset and gross income test purposes as the
owner of the Agency RMBS that are the subject of any such
agreement notwithstanding that such agreements may transfer
record ownership of the assets to the counterparty during the
term of the agreement. It is possible, however, that the IRS
could assert that we did not own the Agency RMBS during the term
of the sale and repurchase agreement, in which case we could
fail to qualify as a REIT.
We may purchase Agency RMBS through delayed delivery contracts,
including TBAs. The law is unclear with respect to the
qualification of delayed delivery contracts as real estate
assets or government securities for purposes of the 75% asset
test. Until we receive a favorable private letter ruling from
the IRS or we receive an opinion from counsel to the effect that
delayed delivery contracts should be treated as qualifying
assets for purposes of the 75% asset test, we will limit our
aggregate investment in delayed delivery contracts, including
TBAs, and any nonqualifying assets to no more than 25% of our
total assets at the end of any calendar quarter and will limit
our investment in the delayed delivery contracts of any one
issuer to less than 5% of our total assets at the end of any
calendar quarter. Accordingly, our ability to purchase Agency
RMBS through delayed delivery transactions could be limited.
Moreover, even if we are advised by counsel that delayed
delivery transactions should be treated as qualifying assets, it
is possible that the IRS could successfully take the position
that such assets are not qualifying assets. In the event that
such assets were determined not to be qualifying for the 75%
asset test, we could be subject to a penalty tax or we could
fail to qualify as a REIT. See Failure to
Qualify.
We will monitor the status of our assets for purposes of the
various asset tests and will seek to manage our portfolio to
comply at all times with such tests. There can be no assurance,
however, that we will be successful in this effort. In this
regard, we will need to value our investment in our assets to
ensure compliance with the asset tests. Although we will seek to
be prudent in making these estimates, there can be no assurances
that the IRS might not disagree with these determinations and
assert that a different value is applicable in which case we
might not satisfy the 75% asset test and the other asset tests
and, thus could fail to qualify as a REIT. If we fail to satisfy
the asset tests at the end of a calendar quarter, we will not
lose our REIT status if:
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we satisfied the asset tests at the end of the preceding
calendar quarter; and
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the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset
test requirements arose from changes in the market values of our
assets and was not wholly or partly caused by the acquisition of
one or more non-qualifying assets.
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If we did not satisfy the condition described in the second
item, above, we still could avoid disqualification by
eliminating any discrepancy within 30 days after the close
of the calendar quarter in which it arose.
In the event that we violate the 5% asset test, the 10% vote
test or the 10% value test described above at the end of any
calendar quarter, we will not lose our REIT qualification if
(i) the failure is de minimis (up to the lesser of 1% of
the total value of our assets or $10 million) and
(ii) we dispose of assets or otherwise comply with the
asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter
in which we identified such failure. In the event of a failure
of any of the asset tests (other than a de minimis failure
described in the preceding sentence), as long as the failure was
due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, we will
not lose our REIT qualification if we (i) dispose of assets
or otherwise comply with the asset tests within six months after
the last day of the quarter in which we identified such failure,
(ii) file a schedule with the IRS describing the assets
that caused such failure in accordance with regulations
promulgated by the Secretary of the Treasury and (iii) pay
a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the highest rate of
U.S. federal corporate income tax (currently, 35%) on the
net income from the nonqualifying assets during the period in
which we failed to satisfy the asset tests.
We believe that the investments that we will hold will satisfy
the foregoing asset test requirements. However, we will not
obtain independent appraisals to support our conclusions as to
the value of our assets and securities, or the real estate
collateral for the mortgage loans that support our Agency RMBS.
Moreover, the values of some assets may not be susceptible to a
precise determination. As a result, there can be no assurance
that the IRS will not contend that our ownership of securities
and other assets violates one or more of the asset tests
applicable to REITs.
Distribution
Requirements
Each taxable year we must distribute dividends, other than
capital gain dividends and deemed distributions of retained
capital gain, to our stockholders in an aggregate amount at
least equal to:
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90% of our REIT taxable income, computed without
regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain,
and
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90% of our after-tax net income, if any, from foreclosure
property, minus
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the sum of certain items of non-cash income.
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We must pay such distributions in the taxable year to which they
relate, or in the following taxable year if either (a) we
declare the distribution before we timely file our
U.S. federal income tax return for the year and pay the
distribution on or before the first regular dividend payment
date after such declaration, or (b) we declare the
distribution in October, November or December of the taxable
year, payable to stockholders of record on a specified day in
any such month, and we actually pay the dividend before the end
of January of the following year. The distributions under
clause (a) are taxable to the stockholders in the year in
which paid, and the distributions in clause (b) are treated
as paid on December 31 of the prior taxable year. In both
instances, these distributions relate to our prior taxable year
for purposes of the 90% distribution requirement.
We will pay U.S. federal income tax on taxable income,
including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to
stockholders. Furthermore, if we fail to distribute during a
calendar year, or by the end of the following January after the
calendar year in the case of distributions with declaration and
record dates falling in the last three months of the calendar
year, at least the sum of:
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85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year,
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95% of our REIT capital gain income for such year, and
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any undistributed taxable income from prior periods,
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we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of
such required distribution over the amounts we actually
distribute. We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net
long-term capital gain we receive in a taxable year. If we so
elect, we will be treated as having distributed any such
retained amount for purposes of the 4% nondeductible excise tax
described above. We intend to make timely distributions
sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements and
to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% nondeductible excise
tax.
It is possible that, from time to time, we may experience timing
differences between the actual receipt of income and actual
payment of deductible expenses and the inclusion of that income
and deduction of such expenses in arriving at our REIT taxable
income. Possible examples of those timing differences include
the following:
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Because we may deduct capital losses only to the extent of our
capital gains, we may have taxable income that exceeds our
economic income.
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We will recognize taxable income in advance of the related cash
flow if any of our Agency RMBS are deemed to have original issue
discount. We generally must accrue original issue discount based
on a constant yield method that takes into account projected
prepayments but that defers taking into account losses until
they are actually incurred.
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We may acquire debt instruments in the secondary market for less
than their face amount. The amount of such discount may be
treated as market discount for U.S. federal
income tax purposes. Accrued market discount is reported as
income when, and to the extent that, we dispose of the debt
investment or any payment of principal of the debt instrument is
made, unless we elect to include accrued market discount in
income as it accrues. Principal payments on certain debt
instruments are made monthly, and consequently accrued market
discount may have to be included in income each month as if the
debt instrument were assured of ultimately being collected in
full. If we collect less on the debt instrument than our
purchase price plus the market discount we had previously
reported as income, we may not be able to benefit from any
offsetting loss deductions.
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Although several types of non-cash income are excluded in
determining the annual distribution requirement, we will incur
corporate income tax and the 4% nondeductible excise tax with
respect to those non-cash income items if we do not distribute
those items on a current basis. As a result of the foregoing, we
may have less cash than is necessary to distribute all of our
taxable income and thereby avoid corporate income tax and the
excise tax imposed on certain undistributed income. In such a
situation, we may need to borrow funds or, if possible, pay
taxable dividends of our stock or debt securities.
Pursuant to IRS Revenue Procedure
2010-12, the
IRS has indicated that it will treat distributions from
publicly-traded REITs that are paid partly in cash and partly in
stock as dividends that would satisfy the REIT annual
distribution requirements and qualify for the dividends paid
deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In order to
qualify for such treatment, IRS Revenue Procedure
2010-12
requires that at least 10% of the total distribution be payable
in cash and that each stockholder have a right to elect to
receive its entire distribution in cash. If too many
stockholders elect to receive cash, each stockholder electing to
receive cash must receive a proportionate share of the cash to
be distributed (although no stockholder electing to receive cash
may receive less than 10% of such stockholders
distribution in cash). IRS Revenue Procedure
2010-12
applies to distributions declared on or before December 31,
2012 with respect to taxable years ending on or before
December 31, 2011. Although Revenue Procedure
2010-12
applies only to taxable dividends payable in cash and stock with
respect to our 2011 taxable year, the IRS has issued private
letter rulings to other REITs granting similar treatment to
elective cash/stock dividends made prior to the issuance of
Revenue Procedure
2010-12.
Those rulings may only be relied upon by the taxpayers to whom
they were issued, but we could request a similar ruling from the
IRS. Accordingly, it is unclear whether and to what extent we
will be able to pay taxable dividends payable in cash and stock
in later years. We currently do not intend to pay taxable
dividends payable in cash and stock.
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In order for distributions to be counted towards our
distribution requirement and to give rise to a tax deduction by
us, they must not be preferential dividends. A
dividend is not a preferential dividend if it is pro rata among
all outstanding shares of stock within a particular class and is
in accordance with the preferences among different classes of
stock as set forth in the organizational documents.
To qualify as a REIT, we may not have, at the end of any taxable
year, any undistributed earnings and profits accumulated in any
non-REIT taxable year. We may satisfy the 90% distribution test
with taxable distributions of our stock or debt securities.
Under certain circumstances, we may be able to correct a failure
to meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying
deficiency dividends to our stockholders in a later
year. We may include such deficiency dividends in our deduction
for dividends paid for the earlier year. Although we may be able
to avoid income tax on amounts distributed as deficiency
dividends, we will be required to pay interest to the IRS based
upon the amount of any deduction we take for deficiency
dividends.
Recordkeeping
Requirements
We must maintain certain records in order to qualify as a REIT.
In addition, to avoid a monetary penalty, we must request on an
annual basis information from our stockholders designed to
disclose the actual ownership of our outstanding stock. We
intend to comply with these requirements.
Failure to
Qualify
If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT
qualification, other than the gross income tests and the asset
tests, we could avoid disqualification if our failure is due to
reasonable cause and not to willful neglect and we pay a penalty
of $50,000 for each such failure. In addition, there are relief
provisions for a failure of the gross income tests and asset
tests, as described in Gross Income
Tests and Asset Tests.
If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, and no
relief provision applies, we would be subject to
U.S. federal income tax and any applicable alternative
minimum tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. In
calculating our taxable income in a year in which we fail to
qualify as a REIT, we would not be able to deduct amounts paid
out to stockholders. In fact, we would not be required to
distribute any amounts to stockholders in that year. In such
event, to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and
profits, all distributions to stockholders would be taxable as
ordinary income. Subject to certain limitations of the
U.S. federal income tax laws, corporate stockholders might
be eligible for the dividends received deduction and
stockholders taxed at individual rates might be eligible for the
reduced U.S. federal income tax rate of 15% through 2012 on
such dividends. Unless we qualified for relief under specific
statutory provisions, we also would be disqualified from
taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year
during which we ceased to qualify as a REIT. We cannot predict
whether in all circumstances we would qualify for such statutory
relief.
Taxation of
Taxable U.S. Stockholders
The term U.S. stockholder means a beneficial
owner of our common stock that, for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, is:
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a citizen or resident of the United States;
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a corporation (including an entity treated as a corporation for
U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized
under the laws of the United States, any of its states or the
District of Columbia;
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an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income
taxation regardless of its source; or
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any trust if (i) a U.S. court is able to exercise
primary supervision over the administration of such trust and
one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all
substantial decisions of the trust or (ii) it has a valid
election in place to be treated as a U.S. person.
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If a partnership, entity or arrangement treated as a partnership
for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our common
stock, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner
in the partnership will generally depend on the status of the
partner, the activities of the partnership and certain
determinations made at the partner
and/or
partnership level. If you are a partner in a partnership holding
shares of our common stock, you are urged to consult your tax
advisor regarding the consequences of the ownership and
disposition of our common stock by the partnership.
As long as we qualify as a REIT, a taxable U.S. stockholder
must generally take into account as ordinary income
distributions made out of our current or accumulated earnings
and profits that we do not designate as capital gain dividends
or retained long-term capital gain. A corporate
U.S. stockholder will not qualify for the dividends
received deduction generally available to corporations. In
addition, dividends paid by a REIT to a U.S. stockholder
taxed at individual rates generally will not qualify for the 15%
tax rate for qualified dividend income. The maximum
tax rate for qualified dividend income received by
U.S. stockholders taxed at individual rates is 15% through
2012. The maximum tax rate on qualified dividend income is lower
than the maximum tax rate on ordinary income, which is currently
35%. Qualified dividend income generally includes dividends paid
to U.S. stockholders taxed at individual rates by domestic
C corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations.
Because we are not generally subject to U.S. federal income
tax on the portion of our REIT taxable income distributed to our
stockholders, our dividends generally will not be eligible for
the 15% rate on qualified dividend income. As a result, our
ordinary REIT dividends will be taxed at the higher tax rate
applicable to ordinary income. However, the 15% tax rate for
qualified dividend income will apply to our ordinary REIT
dividends, if any, that are (i) attributable to dividends
received by us from non-REIT corporations, such as a TRS, and
(ii) to the extent attributable to income upon which we
have paid corporate income tax (e.g., to the extent that we
distribute less than 100% of our taxable income). In general, to
qualify for the reduced tax rate on qualified dividend income, a
stockholder must hold our common stock for more than
60 days during the
121-day
period beginning on the date that is 60 days before the
date on which our stock becomes ex-dividend. In addition, for
taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012, dividends
paid to certain individuals, trusts or estates will be subject
to a 3.8% Medicare tax. We may pay taxable dividends of our
stock or debt securities. In the case of such a taxable
distribution of our stock or debt securities,
U.S. stockholders would be required to include the dividend
as income and would be required to satisfy the tax liability
associated with the dividend with cash from other sources,
including sales of our stock or debt securities.
As discussed above under Description of
Securities Warrants, warrants will be sold to
Bimini in a concurrent private placement. The terms of the
warrants contain anti-dilution provisions. If the IRS were to
determine that adjustments made pursuant to the anti-dilution
provisions were not made pursuant to a bona fide, reasonable
adjustment formula or there is otherwise a lack of an
appropriate anti-dilution adjustment resulting in an increase in
the proportionate interest of the holders of our common stock in
our earnings and profits or assets, such increase may result in
a constructive distribution that could be taxable as a dividend
to the holders of shares of common stock.
A U.S. stockholder generally will take into account as
long-term capital gain any distributions that we properly
designate as capital gain dividends without regard to the period
for which the U.S. stockholder has held our common stock.
We generally will designate our capital gain dividends as either
15% or 25% rate distributions. See Capital
Gains and Losses. A corporate U.S. stockholder,
however, may be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital
gain dividends as ordinary income.
We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net long-term
capital gain that we recognize in a taxable year. In that case,
to the extent we designate such amount on a timely notice to
such stockholder, a U.S. stockholder would be taxed on its
proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain.
The U.S. stockholder would receive a credit or refund for
its proportionate share of
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the tax we paid. The U.S. stockholder would increase the
basis in its common stock by the amount of its proportionate
share of our undistributed long-term capital gain, minus its
share of the tax we paid.
A U.S. stockholder will not incur tax on a distribution in
excess of our current or accumulated earnings and profits if the
distribution does not exceed the adjusted basis of the
U.S. stockholders common stock. Instead, the
distribution will reduce the adjusted basis of the
U.S. stockholders common stock. A
U.S. stockholder will recognize a distribution in excess of
both our current and accumulated earnings and profits and the
U.S. stockholders adjusted basis in his or her common
stock as long-term capital gain, or short-term capital gain if
the common stock has been held for one year or less. In
addition, if we declare a distribution in October, November or
December of any year that is payable to a U.S. stockholder
of record on a specified date in any such month, such
distribution shall be treated as both paid by us and received by
the U.S. stockholder on December 31 of such year, provided
that we actually pay the distribution during January of the
following calendar year.
Stockholders may not include in their individual income tax
returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses.
Instead, these losses are generally carried over by us for
potential offset against our future income. Taxable
distributions from us and gain from the disposition of our
common stock will not be treated as passive activity income and,
therefore, stockholders generally will not be able to apply any
passive activity losses, such as losses from certain
types of limited partnerships in which the stockholder is a
limited partner, against such income. In addition, taxable
distributions from us and gain from the disposition of our
common stock generally will be treated as investment income for
purposes of the investment interest limitations. We will notify
stockholders after the close of our taxable year as to the
portions of the distributions attributable to that year that
constitute ordinary income, return of capital, and capital gain.
We may recognize taxable income in excess of our economic
income, known as phantom income, in the first years that we hold
certain investments, and experience an offsetting excess of
economic income over our taxable income in later years. As a
result, stockholders at times may be required to pay
U.S. federal income tax on distributions that economically
represent a return of capital rather than a dividend. These
distributions would be offset in later years by distributions
representing economic income that would be treated as returns of
capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Taking into
account the time value of money, this acceleration of
U.S. federal income tax liabilities may reduce a
stockholders after-tax return on his or her investment to
an amount less than the after-tax return on an investment with
an identical before-tax rate of return that did not generate
phantom income. For example, if an investor with a 30% tax rate
purchases a taxable bond with an annual interest rate of 10% on
its face value, the investors before-tax return on the
investment would be 10% and the investors after-tax return
would be 7%. However, if the same investor purchased our common
stock at a time when the before-tax rate of return was 10%, the
investors after-tax rate of return on such common stock
might be somewhat less than 7% as a result of our phantom
income. In general, as the ratio of our phantom income to our
total income increases, the after-tax rate of return received by
a taxable stockholder will decrease.
If excess inclusion income from a taxable mortgage pool is
allocated to any stockholder, that income will be taxable in the
hands of the stockholder and will not be offset by any net
operating losses of the stockholder that would otherwise be
available. See Requirements for
Qualification Taxable Mortgage Pools. As
required by IRS guidance, we intend to notify our stockholders
if a portion of a dividend paid by us is attributable to excess
inclusion income.
Taxation of U.S.
Stockholders on the Disposition of Common Stock
A U.S. stockholder who is not a dealer in securities must
generally treat any gain or loss realized upon a taxable
disposition of our common stock as long-term capital gain or
loss if the U.S. stockholder has held the common stock for
more than one year and otherwise as short-term capital gain or
loss. In general, a U.S. stockholder will realize gain or
loss in an amount equal to the difference between the sum of the
fair market value of any property and the amount of cash
received
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in such disposition and the U.S. stockholders
adjusted tax basis. A stockholders adjusted tax basis
generally will equal the U.S. stockholders
acquisition cost, increased by the excess of net capital gains
deemed distributed to the U.S. stockholder (discussed
above) less tax deemed paid on such gains and reduced by any
returns of capital. However, a U.S. stockholder must treat
any loss upon a sale or exchange of common stock held by such
stockholder for six-months or less as a long-term capital loss
to the extent of capital gain dividends and any other actual or
deemed distributions from us that such U.S. stockholder
treats as long-term capital gain. All or a portion of any loss
that a U.S. stockholder realizes upon a taxable disposition
of our common stock may be disallowed if the
U.S. stockholder purchases our common stock or
substantially identical common stock within 30 days before
or after the disposition.
Capital Gains and
Losses
A taxpayer generally must hold a capital asset for more than one
year for gain or loss derived from its sale or exchange to be
treated as long-term capital gain or loss. The highest marginal
individual income tax rate currently is 35% (which rate, absent
additional congressional action, will apply until
December 31, 2012). The maximum tax rate on long-term
capital gain applicable to taxpayers taxed at individual rates
is 15% for sales and exchanges of assets held for more than one
year occurring through December 31, 2012. Absent additional
congressional action, this rate will increase to 20% for sales
and exchanges occurring after December 31, 2012. The
maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain applicable to
non-corporate taxpayers is 15% through December 31, 2012.
The maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain from
section 1250 property, or depreciable real
property, is 25%, which applies to the lesser of the total
amount of the gain or the accumulated depreciation on the
Section 1250 property. In addition, for taxable years
beginning after December 31, 2012, capital gains recognized
by certain individuals, trusts or estates will be subject to a
3.8% Medicare tax.
With respect to distributions that we designate as capital gain
dividends and any retained capital gain that we are deemed to
distribute, we generally may designate whether such a
distribution is taxable to our stockholders taxed at individual
rates at a 15% or 25% rate. Thus, the tax rate differential
between capital gain and ordinary income for those taxpayers may
be significant. In addition, the characterization of income as
capital gain or ordinary income may affect the deductibility of
capital losses. A non-corporate taxpayer may deduct capital
losses not offset by capital gains against its ordinary income
only up to a maximum annual amount of $3,000. A non-corporate
taxpayer may carry forward unused capital losses indefinitely. A
corporate taxpayer must pay tax on its net capital gain at
ordinary corporate rates. A corporate taxpayer may deduct
capital losses only to the extent of capital gains, with unused
losses being carried back three years and forward five years.
Taxation of
Tax-Exempt Stockholders
Tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension and
profit sharing trusts and individual retirement accounts,
generally are exempt from U.S. federal income taxation.
However, they are subject to taxation on their UBTI. While many
investments in real estate generate UBTI, the IRS has issued a
ruling that dividend distributions from a REIT to an exempt
employee pension trust do not constitute UBTI, provided that the
exempt employee pension trust does not otherwise use the shares
of the REIT in an unrelated trade or business of the pension
trust. Based on that ruling, amounts that we distribute to
tax-exempt stockholders generally should not constitute UBTI.
However, if a tax-exempt stockholder were to finance its
investment in our common stock with debt, a portion of the
income that it receives from us would constitute UBTI pursuant
to the debt-financed property rules. Moreover,
social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations,
supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, and qualified group
legal services plans that are exempt from taxation under special
provisions of the U.S. federal income tax laws are subject
to different UBTI rules, which generally will require them to
characterize distributions that they receive from us as UBTI.
Furthermore, a tax-exempt stockholders share of any excess
inclusion income that we recognize would be subject to tax as
UBTI.
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Finally, in certain circumstances, a qualified employee pension
or profit sharing trust that owns more than 10% of our stock is
required to treat a percentage of the dividends that it receives
from us as UBTI. Such percentage is equal to the gross income
that we derive from an unrelated trade or business, determined
as if we were a pension trust, divided by our total gross income
for the year in which we pay the dividends. That rule applies to
a pension trust holding more than 10% of our stock only if:
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the percentage of our dividends that the tax-exempt trust would
be required to treat as UBTI is at least 5%;
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we qualify as a REIT by reason of the modification of the rule
requiring that no more than 50% of our stock be owned by five or
fewer individuals that allows the beneficiaries of the pension
trust to be treated as holding our stock in proportion to their
actuarial interests in the pension trust; and
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either: (i) one pension trust owns more than 25% of the
value of our stock or (ii) a group of pension trusts
individually holding more than 10% of the value of our stock
collectively owns more than 50% of the value of our stock.
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Taxation of
Non-U.S.
Stockholders
The following discussion addresses the rules governing
U.S. federal income taxation of the purchase, ownership and
sale of our common stock by
non-U.S. stockholders.
When we use the term
non-U.S. stockholder,
we mean beneficial owners of our common stock who are not
U.S. stockholders as described above in
Taxation of Taxable
U.S. Stockholders, or partnerships (or entities or
arrangements treated as partnerships for U.S. federal
income tax purposes). The rules governing U.S. federal
income taxation of
non-U.S. stockholders
are complex. This section is only a summary of such rules. We
urge
non-U.S. stockholders
to consult their own tax advisers to determine the impact of
federal, state, and local income tax laws on ownership of our
common stock, including any reporting requirements.
A
non-U.S. stockholder
that receives a distribution that is not attributable to gain
from our sale or exchange of a United States real property
interest, or USRPI, as defined below, and that we do not
designate as a capital gain dividend or retained capital gain
will recognize ordinary income to the extent that we pay the
distribution out of our current or accumulated earnings and
profits. A withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of
the distribution ordinarily will apply unless an applicable tax
treaty reduces or eliminates the tax. However, if a distribution
is treated as effectively connected with the
non-U.S. stockholders
conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the
non-U.S. stockholder
generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the
distribution at graduated rates, in the same manner as
U.S. stockholders are taxed on distributions and also may
be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a
corporate
non-U.S. stockholder.
It is expected that the applicable withholding agent will
withhold U.S. income tax at the rate of 30% on the gross
amount of any distribution paid to a
non-U.S. stockholder
unless either:
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a lower treaty rate applies and the
non-U.S. stockholder
files with the applicable withholding agent an IRS
Form W-8BEN
evidencing eligibility for that reduced rate, or
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the
non-U.S. stockholder
files with the applicable withholding agent an IRS
Form W-8ECI
claiming that the distribution is effectively connected income.
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However, reduced treaty rates are not available to the extent
income allocated to the
non-U.S. stockholder
is excess inclusion income.
A
non-U.S. stockholder
will not incur U.S. tax on a distribution in excess of our
current or accumulated earnings and profits if the excess
portion of the distribution does not exceed the adjusted basis
of its common stock. Instead, the excess portion of the
distribution will reduce the adjusted basis of that common
stock. A
non-U.S. stockholder
will be subject to tax on a distribution that exceeds
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both our current and accumulated earnings and profits and the
adjusted basis of its common stock, if the
non-U.S. stockholder
otherwise would be subject to tax on gain from the sale or
disposition of its common stock, as described below. Because we
generally cannot determine at the time we make a distribution
whether or not the distribution will exceed both our current and
accumulated earnings and profits, it is expected that the
applicable withholding agent normally will withhold tax on the
entire amount of any distribution at the same rate as it would
withhold on a dividend. However, by filing a U.S. tax
return, a
non-U.S. stockholder
may obtain a refund of amounts that the applicable withholding
agent withheld if we later determine that a distribution in fact
exceeded our current and accumulated earnings and profits.
For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012, a
U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate will be imposed on
dividends and proceeds of sale in respect of our common stock
received by certain
non-U.S. stockholders
if certain disclosure requirements related to U.S. accounts
or ownership are not satisfied. If payment of withholding taxes
is required,
non-U.S. stockholders
that are otherwise eligible for an exemption from, or reduction
of, U.S. withholding taxes with respect to such dividends
and proceeds will be required to seek a refund from the IRS to
obtain the benefit of such exemption or reduction. We will not
pay any additional amounts in respect to any amounts withheld.
For any year in which we qualify as a REIT, a
non-U.S. stockholder
could incur tax on distributions that are attributable to gain
from our sale or exchange of USRPI, under the Foreign Investment
in Real Property Act of 1980, or FIRPTA. A USRPI includes
certain interests in real property and shares in corporations at
least 50% of whose assets consist of interests in real property.
The term USRPI does not generally include mortgage
loans or RMBS, such as Agency RMBS. As a result, we do not
anticipate that we will generate material amounts of gain that
would be subject to FIRPTA. Under the FIRPTA rules, a
non-U.S. stockholder
is taxed on distributions attributable to gain from sales of
USRPIs as if the gain were effectively connected with a
U.S. business of the
non-U.S. stockholder.
A
non-U.S. stockholder
thus would be taxed on such a distribution at the normal capital
gain rates applicable to U.S. stockholders, subject to
applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative
minimum tax in the case of a nonresident alien individual. A
non-U.S. corporate
stockholder not entitled to treaty relief or exemption also
might be subject to the 30% branch profits tax on such a
distribution. The applicable withholding agent would be required
to withhold 35% of any such distribution that we could designate
as a capital gain dividend. A
non-U.S. stockholder
might receive a credit against its tax liability for the amount
withheld.
However, if our common stock is regularly traded on an
established securities market in the United States, capital gain
distributions on our common stock that are attributable to our
sale of real property will be treated as ordinary dividends
rather than as gain from the sale of a USRPI, as long as the
non-U.S. stockholder
does not own more than 5% of our common stock during the
one-year period preceding the date of the distribution. As a
result,
non-U.S. stockholders
generally will be subject to withholding tax on such capital
gain distributions in the same manner as they are subject to
withholding tax on ordinary dividends. We anticipate that our
common stock will be regularly traded on an established
securities market in the United States immediately following
this offering.
A
non-U.S. stockholder
generally will not incur tax under FIRPTA with respect to gain
realized upon a disposition of our common stock as long as we
are not a United States real property holding corporation during
a specified testing period. If at least 50% of a REITs
assets are USRPIs, then the REIT will be a United States real
property holding corporation. We do not anticipate that we will
be a United States real property holding corporation based on
our investment strategy. In the unlikely event that at least 50%
of the assets we hold were determined to be USRPIs, gains from
the sale of our common stock by a
non-U.S. stockholder
could be subject to a FIRPTA tax. However, even if that event
were to occur, a
non-U.S. stockholder
generally would not incur tax under FIRPTA on gain from the sale
of our common stock if we were a domestically controlled
qualified investment entity. A domestically controlled
qualified investment entity includes a REIT in which, at all
times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value
of its shares are held directly or indirectly by
non-U.S. persons. We cannot assure you that this test will
be met. If our common stock is regularly traded
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on an established securities market, an additional exception to
the tax under FIRPTA will be available with respect to our
common stock, even if we do not qualify as a domestically
controlled qualified investment entity at the time the
non-U.S. stockholder
sells our common stock. Under that exception, the gain from such
a sale by such a
non-U.S. stockholder
will not be subject to tax under FIRPTA if:
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our common stock is treated as being regularly traded under
applicable U.S. Treasury regulations on an established
securities market; and
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the
non-U.S. stockholder
owned, actually or constructively, 5% or less of our common
stock at all times during a specified testing period.
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As noted above, we anticipate that our common stock will be
regularly traded on an established securities market immediately
following this offering.
If we are a domestically controlled qualified investment entity
and a
non-U.S. stockholder
disposes of our common stock during the
30-day
period preceding a dividend payment, and such
non-U.S. stockholder
(or a person related to such
non-U.S. stockholder)
acquires or enters into a contract or option to acquire our
common stock within 61 days of the first day of the
30-day
period described above, and any portion of such dividend payment
would, but for the disposition, be treated as a USRPI capital
gain to such
non-U.S. stockholder,
then such
non-U.S. stockholder
shall be treated as having USRPI capital gain in an amount that,
but for the disposition, would have been treated as USRPI
capital gain.
If the gain on the sale of our common stock were taxed under
FIRPTA, a
non-U.S. stockholder
would be taxed on that gain in the same manner as
U.S. stockholders, subject to applicable alternative
minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of
nonresident alien individuals. Furthermore, a
non-U.S. stockholder
generally will incur tax on gain not subject to FIRPTA if:
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the gain is effectively connected with the
non-U.S. stockholders
U.S. trade or business, in which case the
non-U.S. stockholder
will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. stockholders
with respect to such gain, or
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the
non-U.S. stockholder
is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United
States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has
a tax home in the United States, in which case the
non-U.S. stockholder
will incur a tax of 30% on his or her net capital gains.
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Information
Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding, Shares Held
Offshore
We will report to our stockholders and to the IRS the amount of
distributions we pay during each calendar year, and the amount
of tax we withhold, if any. Under the backup withholding rules,
a stockholder may be subject to backup withholding at a rate of
28% (for payments made prior to January 1, 2012) with
respect to distributions unless the holder:
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is a corporation or qualifies for certain other exempt
categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact; or
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provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no
loss of exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise
complies with the applicable requirements of the backup
withholding rules.
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A stockholder who does not provide the applicable withholding
agent with its correct taxpayer identification number also may
be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Any amount paid as
backup withholding will be creditable against the
stockholders income tax liability. In addition, the
applicable withholding agent may be required to withhold a
portion of capital gain distributions to any stockholders who
fail to certify their U.S. status.
Backup withholding will generally not apply to payments of
dividends made by us or our paying agents, in their capacities
as such, to a
non-U.S. stockholder
provided that the
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non-U.S. stockholder
furnishes to the applicable withholding agent the required
certification as to its
non-U.S. status,
such as providing a valid IRS
Form W-8BEN
or W-8ECI,
or certain other requirements are met. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, backup withholding may apply if the applicable
withholding agent has actual knowledge, or reason to know, that
the holder is a U.S. person that is not an exempt
recipient. Payments of the net proceeds from a disposition or a
redemption effected outside the United States by a
non-U.S. stockholder
made by or through a foreign office of a broker generally will
not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding.
However, information reporting (but not backup withholding)
generally will apply to such a payment if the broker has certain
connections with the U.S. unless the broker has documentary
evidence in its records that the beneficial owner is a
non-U.S. stockholder
and specified conditions are met or an exemption is otherwise
established. Payment of the net proceeds from a disposition by a
non-U.S. stockholder
of common stock made by or through the U.S. office of a
broker is generally subject to information reporting and backup
withholding unless the
non-U.S. stockholder
certifies under penalties of perjury that it is not a
U.S. person and satisfies certain other requirements, or
otherwise establishes an exemption from information reporting
and backup withholding.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts
withheld under the backup withholding rules may be refunded or
credited against the stockholders U.S. federal income
tax liability if certain required information is timely
furnished to the IRS. Stockholders are urged consult their own
tax advisors regarding application of backup withholding to them
and the availability of, and procedure for obtaining an
exemption from, backup withholding.
For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012, a
U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate will be imposed on
dividends and proceeds of sale in respect of our common stock
received by U.S. stockholders who own their shares through
foreign accounts or foreign intermediaries if certain disclosure
requirements related to U.S. accounts or ownership are not
satisfied. We will not pay any additional amounts in respect of
any amounts withheld.
Sunset of Reduced
Tax Rate Provisions
Several of the tax considerations described herein are subject
to sunset provisions. These sunset provisions generally provide
that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012,
certain provisions that are currently in the Code will revert
back to a prior version of those provisions. These provisions
include provisions related to the reduced maximum income tax
rate for long-term capital gains of 15% (rather than 20%) for
taxpayers taxed at individual rates, the application of the 15%
tax rate to qualified dividend income, and certain other tax
rate provisions described herein. Prospective stockholders are
urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of
sunset provisions on an investment in our common stock.
State, Local and
Foreign Taxes
We and our subsidiaries and stockholders may be subject to
state, local or foreign taxation in various jurisdictions,
including those in which we or they transact business, own
property or reside. The state, local or foreign tax treatment of
us and our stockholders may not conform to the U.S. federal
income tax treatment discussed above. Any foreign taxes incurred
by us would not pass through to our stockholders against their
U.S. federal income tax liability. Prospective stockholders
should consult their tax advisors regarding the application and
effect of state, local and foreign income and other tax laws on
an investment in our common stock.
147
ERISA
CONSIDERATIONS
A fiduciary of a pension, profit sharing, retirement or other
employee benefit plan (Plan) subject to the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended
(ERISA), should consider the fiduciary standards
under ERISA in the context of the Plans particular
circumstances before authorizing an investment of a portion of
such Plans assets in the shares of common stock.
Accordingly, such fiduciary should consider (i) whether the
investment satisfies the diversification requirements of
Section 404(a)(1)(C) of ERISA, (ii) whether the
investment is in accordance with the documents and instruments
governing the Plan as required by Section 404(a)(1)(D) of
ERISA, and (iii) whether the investment is prudent under
ERISA. In addition to the imposition of general fiduciary
standards of investment prudence and diversification, ERISA, and
the corresponding provisions of the Code, prohibit a wide range
of transactions involving the assets of the Plan and persons who
have certain specified relationships to the Plan (parties
in interest within the meaning of ERISA,
disqualified persons within the meaning of the
Code). Thus, a Plan fiduciary considering an investment in the
shares of common stock also should consider whether the
acquisition or the continued holding of the shares of common
stock might constitute or give rise to a direct or indirect
prohibited transaction.
Investment in shares of our common stock by a Plan that has such
a relationship in certain limited circumstances could be deemed
to constitute a prohibited transaction under Title I of
ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code. Such
transactions may, however, be subject to one or more statutory
or administrative exemptions, such as: Section 408(b)(17)
of ERISA, which exempts certain transactions with non-fiduciary
service providers; Prohibited Transaction Class Exemption
(PTCE)
90-1, which
exempts certain transactions involving insurance company pooled
separate accounts;
PTCE 91-38,
which exempts certain transactions involving bank collective
investment funds;
PTCE 84-14,
which exempts certain transactions effected on behalf of a Plan
by a qualified professional asset manager;
PTCE 95-60,
which exempts certain transactions involving insurance company
general accounts;
PTCE 96-23,
which exempts certain transactions effected on behalf of a Plan
by an in-house asset manager;
PTCE 75-1,
which exempts certain transactions involving a Plan and certain
members of an underwriting syndicate; or another available
exemption. Such exemptions may not, however, apply to all of the
transactions that could be deemed prohibited transactions in
connection with a Plans investment in shares of our common
stock. If a purchase was to result in a non-exempt prohibited
transaction, such purchase may have to be rescinded, though
there can be no assurance that a rescission would avoid the
imposition of taxes or penalties.
The Department of Labor (the DOL) has issued final
regulations (the DOL Regulations) as to what
constitutes assets of an employee benefit plan under ERISA.
Under the DOL Regulations, if a Plan acquires an equity interest
in an entity, which interest is neither a publicly offered
security nor a security issued by an investment company
registered under the Investment Company Act, the Plans
assets would include, for purposes of the fiduciary
responsibility provision of ERISA, both the equity interest and
an undivided interest in each of the entitys underlying
assets unless certain specified exceptions apply. The DOL
Regulations define a publicly offered security as a security
that is widely held, freely
transferable, and either part of a class of securities
registered under the Exchange Act, or sold pursuant to an
effective registration statement under the Securities Act
(provided the securities are registered under the Exchange Act
within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year of the
issuer during which the public offering occurred). The shares of
common stock are being sold in an offering registered under the
Securities Act and will be registered under the Exchange Act.
The DOL Regulations provide that whether a security is
freely transferable is a factual question to be
determined on the basis of all relevant facts and circumstances.
The DOL Regulations further provide that when a security is part
of an offering in which the minimum investment is $10,000 or
less, as is the case with the offering, certain restrictions
ordinarily will not, alone or in combination, affect the finding
that such securities are freely transferable. The
Company believes that the
148
restrictions imposed under its charter on the transfer of its
common stock are limited to the restrictions on transfer
generally permitted under the DOL Regulations and are not likely
to result in the failure of the common stock to be freely
transferable. The DOL Regulations only establish a
presumption in favor of the finding of free transferability,
and, therefore, no assurance can be given that the DOL will not
reach a contrary conclusion.
Assuming that the common stock will be widely held
and freely transferable, the Company believes that
its common stock will be publicly offered securities for
purposes of the DOL Regulations and that the assets of the
Company will not be deemed to be plan assets of any
Plan that invests in its common stock.
149
UNDERWRITING
Barclays Capital Inc. and JMP Securities LLC are acting as the
representatives of the underwriters and the joint book-running
managers of this offering. Under the terms of an underwriting
agreement, which will be filed as an exhibit to the registration
statement, each of the underwriters named below has severally
agreed to purchase from us the respective number of shares of
common stock shown opposite its name below:
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Number of
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Shares of
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Underwriters
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Common Stock
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Barclays Capital Inc.
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JMP Securities LLC
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Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.
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Oppenheimer & Co. Inc.
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Lazard Capital Markets LLC
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Sterne, Agee & Leach, Inc.
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Total
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7,500,000
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The underwriting agreement provides that the underwriters
obligation to purchase shares of common stock depends on the
satisfaction of the conditions contained in the underwriting
agreement including:
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the obligation to purchase all of the shares of common stock
offered hereby (other than those shares of common stock covered
by their option to purchase additional shares as described
below), if any of the shares are purchased;
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the representations and warranties made by us to the
underwriters are true;
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there is no material change in our business or the financial
markets; and
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we deliver customary closing documents to the underwriters.
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Commissions and
Expenses
The following table summarizes the underwriting discounts and
commissions that will be paid to the underwriters by us and our
Manager. These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and
full exercise of the underwriters option to purchase
additional shares. The underwriting fee is the difference
between the initial price to the public and the amount the
underwriters pay to us for the shares.
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Full
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No Exercise
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Exercise
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Per
share(1)
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Total
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(1) |
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At the closing of this offering,
the underwriters will be entitled to receive
$ per share from us for the shares
sold in the underwritten offering. Our Manager will pay the
underwriters the remaining $ per
share with respect to each share of common stock sold in this
offering on a deferred basis as described below after the
completion of this offering.
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Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, our Manager will pay the
underwriters $ per share with
respect to each share of common stock sold in this offering on a
deferred basis after the completion of this offering. Our
Manager will pay the underwriters all of the management fees it
receives from us each month until it has paid the underwriters
an aggregate amount of $ .
150
The representatives of the underwriters have advised us that the
underwriters propose to offer the shares of common stock
directly to the public at the public offering price on the cover
of this prospectus and to selected dealers, which may include
the underwriters, at such offering price less a selling
concession not in excess of $ per
share. After the offering, the representatives may change the
offering price and other selling terms. Sales of shares made
outside of the United States may be made by affiliates of the
underwriters.
The expenses of the offering that are payable by us are
estimated to be $825,000 (excluding the portion of the
underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us). Our
Manager will pay any offering expenses that exceed an amount
equal to 1.0% of the total gross proceeds from this offering.
Option to
Purchase Additional Shares
We have granted the underwriters an option exercisable for
30 days after the date of this prospectus to purchase, from
time to time, in whole or in part, up to an aggregate of
1,125,000 shares of common stock at the public offering price
less underwriting discounts and commissions. To the extent that
this option is exercised, each underwriter will be obligated,
subject to certain conditions, to purchase its pro rata portion
of these additional shares based on the underwriters
underwriting commitment in the offering as indicated in the
table at the beginning of this Underwriting section.
Lock-Up
Agreements
We and each of our Manager, our directors and executive officers
will agree that, without the prior written consent of Barclays
Capital Inc., we and they will not directly or indirectly,
(1) offer for sale, sell, pledge, or otherwise dispose of
(or enter into any transaction or device that is designed to, or
could be expected to, result in the disposition by any person at
any time in the future of) any shares of common stock
(including, without limitation, shares of common stock that may
be deemed to be beneficially owned by us or them in accordance
with the rules and regulations of the SEC and shares of common
stock that may be issued upon exercise of any options or
warrants) or securities convertible into or exercisable or
exchangeable for common stock, (2) enter into any swap or
other derivatives transaction that transfers to another, in
whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership
of the common stock, (3) make any demand for or exercise
any right or file or cause to be filed a registration statement,
including any amendments thereto, with respect to the
registration of any shares of common stock or securities
convertible, exercisable or exchangeable into common stock or
any of our other securities, or (4) publicly disclose the
intention to do any of the foregoing for a period of
180 days after the date of this prospectus.
The 180-day
restricted period described in the preceding paragraph will be
extended if:
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during the last 17 days of the
180-day
restricted period we issue an earnings release or material news
or a material event relating to us occurs; or
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prior to the expiration of the
180-day
restricted period, we announce that we will release earnings
results during the
16-day
period beginning on the last day of the
180-day
period, in which case the restrictions described in the
preceding paragraph will continue to apply until the expiration
of the
18-day
period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the
announcement of the material news or occurrence of the material
event unless such extension is waived in writing by Barclays
Capital Inc.
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Notwithstanding the foregoing, each of our directors and
executive officers may sell or transfer shares of our common
stock during this
180-day
period without the prior written consent of Barclays Capital
Inc.:
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as a bona fide gift or gifts;
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to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of such party or
his or her immediate family; or
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by will or intestate succession;
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151
provided, however, it is a condition to any such transfer that
the transferee (or trustee, if applicable) execute a similar
lock-up
agreement stating that such transferee (or trustee, if
applicable) is receiving and holding shares of our common stock
subject to the provisions of the agreement pursuant to which
these persons agree not to sell or transfer shares of our common
stock for the remainder of the
180-day
period described above; provided, further, that no filing by any
party under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act is required
in connection with such transfer. For this purpose,
immediate family means any relationship by blood,
marriage or adoption, not more remote than first cousin.
Additionally, Bimini will agree that, for a period of
365 days after the date of this prospectus, it will not,
without the prior written consent of Barclays Capital Inc.,
dispose of or hedge any of (i) its shares of our common
stock, including any shares of our common stock issuable upon
exercise of the warrants it intends to purchase in the
concurrent private placement, (ii) the warrants that it
intends to purchase in the concurrent private placement or
(iii) any shares of our common stock that it may acquire
after completion of this offering. Barclays Capital Inc., in its
sole discretion, may release the common stock and other
securities subject to the
lock-up
agreements described above in whole or in part at any time with
or without notice. When determining whether or not to release
common stock and other securities from
lock-up
agreements, Barclays Capital Inc. will consider, among other
factors, the holders reasons for requesting the release,
the number of shares of common stock and other securities for
which the release is being requested and market conditions at
the time.
Offering Price
Determination
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our
common stock. The initial public offering price will be
negotiated between the representatives and us. In determining
the initial public offering price of our common stock, the
representatives will consider:
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the history and prospects for the industry in which we compete;
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our financial information;
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the ability of our management and our business potential and
earning prospects;
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the prevailing securities markets at the time of this
offering; and
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the recent market prices of, and the demand for, publicly traded
shares of generally comparable companies.
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Indemnification
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain
liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act and
to contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required
to make for these liabilities.
Stabilization,
Short Positions and Penalty Bids
The representatives may engage in stabilizing transactions,
short sales and purchases to cover positions created by short
sales, and penalty bids or purchases for the purpose of pegging,
fixing or maintaining the price of the common stock, in each
case as described below, in accordance with Regulation M
under the Exchange Act:
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Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying
security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a
specified maximum.
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A short position involves a sale by the underwriters of shares
in excess of the number of shares the underwriters are obligated
to purchase in the offering, which creates the syndicate short
position. This short position may be either a covered short
position or a naked short position. In a covered short position,
the number of shares involved in the sales made by the
underwriters in excess of the number of shares they are
obligated to purchase
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152
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is not greater than the number of shares that they may purchase
by exercising their option to purchase additional shares. In a
naked short position, the number of shares involved is greater
than the number of shares in their option to purchase additional
shares. The underwriters may close out any short position by
either exercising their option to purchase additional shares
and/or
purchasing shares in the open market. In determining the source
of shares to close out the short position, the underwriters will
consider, among other things, the price of shares available for
purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which
they may purchase shares through their option to purchase
additional shares. A naked short position is more likely to be
created if the underwriters are concerned that there could be
downward pressure on the price of the shares in the open market
after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase
in the offering.
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Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the common
stock in the open market after the distribution has been
completed in order to cover syndicate short positions.
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Penalty bids permit the representatives to reclaim a selling
concession from a syndicate member when the common stock
originally sold by the syndicate member is purchased in a
stabilizing or syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate
short positions.
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These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions
and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining
the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding
a decline in the market price of the common stock. As a result,
the price of the common stock may be higher than the price that
might otherwise exist in the open market. These transactions may
be effected on the NYSE or otherwise and, if commenced, may be
discontinued at any time.
Neither we nor any of the underwriters make any representation
or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect
that the transactions described above may have on the price of
the common stock. In addition, neither we nor any of the
underwriters make representation that the representatives will
engage in these stabilizing transactions or that any
transaction, once commenced, will not be discontinued without
notice.
Electronic
Distribution
A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the
Internet sites or through other online services maintained by
one or more of the underwriters
and/or
selling group members participating in this offering, or by
their affiliates. In those cases, prospective investors may view
offering terms online and, depending upon the particular
underwriter or selling group member, prospective investors may
be allowed to place orders online. The underwriters may agree
with us to allocate a specific number of shares for sale to
online brokerage account holders. Any such allocation for online
distributions will be made by the representatives on the same
basis as other allocations.
Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information
on any underwriters or selling group members web
site and any information contained in any other web site
maintained by an underwriter or selling group member is not part
of the prospectus or the registration statement of which this
prospectus forms a part, has not been approved
and/or
endorsed by us or any underwriter or selling group member in its
capacity as underwriter or selling group member and should not
be relied upon by investors.
New York Stock
Exchange
We have applied to list our shares of common stock for quotation
on the NYSE under the symbol ORC. The underwriters
have undertaken to sell the shares of common stock in this
offering to a minimum of 2,000 beneficial owners in round lots
of 100 or more units to meet the NYSE distribution requirements
for trading.
153
Discretionary
Sales
The underwriters have informed us that they do not intend to
confirm sales to discretionary accounts that exceed 5% of the
total number of shares offered by them.
Stamp
Taxes
If you purchase shares of common stock offered in this
prospectus, you may be required to pay stamp taxes and other
charges under the laws and practices of the country of purchase,
in addition to the offering price listed on the cover page of
this prospectus.
Relationships
Bimini has engaged in Agency RMBS trading transactions with
Barclays Capital Inc. and/or its affiliates in the past and may
continue to do so in the future. In addition, Barclays Capital
Inc. is currently party to a master repurchase agreement with
the Company. The Company is currently negotiating a master
repurchase agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. Certain
of the underwriters
and/or their
affiliates have in the past and may in the future engage in
commercial and investment banking transactions with us and
Bimini in the ordinary course of their business. They expect to
receive customary compensation and expense reimbursement for
these commercial and investment banking transactions.
Selling
Restrictions
European
Economic Area
In relation to each member state of the European Economic Area
that has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a relevant
member state), with effect from and including the date on which
the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that relevant member
state (the relevant implementation date), an offer of securities
described in this prospectus may not be made to the public in
that relevant member state other than:
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to any legal entity that is authorized or regulated to operate
in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or regulated,
whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities;
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to any legal entity that has two or more of (1) an average
of at least 250 employees during the last financial year;
(2) a total balance sheet of more than 43,000,000 and
(3) an annual net turnover of more than 50,000,000,
as shown in its last annual or consolidated accounts;
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to fewer than 100 natural or legal persons (other than qualified
investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive) subject to
obtaining the prior consent of the representatives; or
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in any other circumstances that do not require the publication
of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus
Directive,
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provided that no such offer of securities shall require us or
any underwriter to publish a prospectus pursuant to
Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.
For purposes of this provision, the expression an offer of
securities to the public in any relevant member state
means the communication in any form and by any means of
sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the
securities to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide
to purchase or subscribe the securities, as the expression may
be varied in that member state by any measure implementing the
Prospectus Directive in that member state, and the expression
Prospectus Directive means Directive 2003/71/EC and
includes any relevant implementing measure in each relevant
member state.
We have not authorized and do not authorize the making of any
offer of securities through any financial intermediary on their
behalf, other than offers made by the underwriters with a view
to the final placement of the securities as contemplated in this
prospectus. Accordingly, no purchaser of the securities, other
than the underwriters, is authorized to make any further offer
of the securities on behalf of us or the underwriters.
154
United
Kingdom
This prospectus is only being distributed to, and is only
directed at, persons in the United Kingdom that are qualified
investors within the meaning of Article 2(1)(e) of the
Prospectus Directive (Qualified Investors) that are
also (i) investment professionals falling within
Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act
2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (the Order) or
(ii) high net worth entities, and other persons to whom it
may lawfully be communicated, falling within
Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Order (all such persons
together being referred to as relevant persons).
This prospectus and its contents are confidential and should not
be distributed, published or reproduced (in whole or in part) or
disclosed by recipients to any other persons in the United
Kingdom. Any person in the United Kingdom that is not a relevant
person should not act or rely on this document or any of its
contents.
Switzerland
This document, as well as any other material relating to the
shares which are the subject of the offering contemplated by
this prospectus, do not constitute an issue prospectus pursuant
to Article 652a
and/or 1156
of the Swiss Code of Obligations. The shares will not be listed
on the SIX Swiss Exchange and, therefore, the documents relating
to the shares, including, but not limited to, this document, do
not claim to comply with the disclosure standards of the listing
rules of the SIX Swiss Exchange. The shares are being offered in
Switzerland by way of a private placement, i.e., to a small
number of selected investors only, without any public offer and
only to investors who do not purchase the shares with the
intention to distribute them to the public. The investors will
be individually approached by the issuer from time to time. This
document, as well as any other material relating to the shares,
is personal and confidential and do not constitute an offer to
any other person. This document may only be used by those
investors to whom it has been handed out in connection with the
offering described herein and may neither directly nor
indirectly be distributed or made available to other persons
without express consent of the issuer. It may not be used in
connection with any other offer and shall in particular not be
copied
and/or
distributed to the public in (or from) Switzerland.
Hong
Kong
The shares may not be offered or sold in Hong Kong, by means of
any document, other than (a) to professional
investors as defined in the Securities and Futures
Ordinance (Cap. 571, Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made under
that Ordinance or (b) in other circumstances which do not
result in the document being a prospectus as defined
in the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32, Laws of Hong Kong) or which
do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of
that Ordinance. No advertisement, invitation or document
relating to the shares may be issued or may be in the possession
of any person for the purpose of the issue, whether in Hong Kong
or elsewhere, which is directed at, or the contents of which are
likely to be read by, the public in Hong Kong (except if
permitted to do so under the laws of Hong Kong) other than with
respect to the shares which are intended to be disposed of only
to persons outside Hong Kong or only to professional
investors as defined in the Securities and Futures
Ordinance (Cap. 571, Laws of Hong Kong) or any rules made under
that Ordinance.
Japan
No securities registration statement (SRS) has been
filed under Article 4, Paragraph 1 of the Financial
Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan (Law No. 25 of 1948,
as amended) (FIEL) in relation to the shares. The
shares are being offered in a private placement to
qualified institutional investors
(tekikaku-kikan-toshika) under Article 10 of the Cabinet
Office Ordinance concerning Definitions provided in
Article 2 of the FIEL (the Ministry of Finance Ordinance
No. 14, as amended) (QIIs), under
Article 2, Paragraph 3, Item 2 i of the FIEL. Any
QII acquiring the shares in this offer may not transfer or
resell those shares except to other QIIs.
155
Korea
The shares may not be offered, sold and delivered directly or
indirectly, or offered or sold to any person for reoffering or
resale, directly or indirectly, in Korea or to any resident of
Korea except pursuant to the applicable laws and regulations of
Korea, including the Korea Securities and Exchange Act and the
Foreign Exchange Transaction Law and the decrees and regulations
thereunder. The shares have not been registered with the
Financial Services Commission of Korea for public offering in
Korea. Furthermore, the shares may not be resold to Korean
residents unless the purchaser of the shares complies with all
applicable regulatory requirements (including but not limited to
government approval requirements under the Foreign Exchange
Transaction Law and its subordinate decrees and regulations) in
connection with the purchase of the shares.
Singapore
This prospectus has not been registered as a prospectus with the
Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, this prospectus
and any other document or material in connection with the offer
or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of the
shares may not be circulated or distributed, nor may the shares
be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for
subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to
persons in Singapore other than (i) to an institutional
investor under Section 274 of the Securities and Future
Act, Chapter 289 of Singapore (the SFA),
(ii) to a relevant person as defined in
Section 275(2) of the SFA, or any person pursuant to
Section 275(1A), and in accordance with the conditions,
specified in Section 275 of the SFA or (iii) otherwise
pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other
applicable provision of the SFA.
Where the shares are subscribed and purchased under
Section 275 of the SFA by a relevant person which is:
(a) a corporation (which is not an accredited investor (as
defined in Section 4A of the SFA)) the sole business of
which is to hold investments and the entire share capital of
which is owned by one or more individuals, each of whom is an
accredited investor; or
(b) a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited
investor (as defined in Section 4A of the SFA)) whose sole
whole purpose is to hold investments and each beneficiary is an
accredited investor, shares, debentures and units of shares and
debentures of that corporation or the beneficiaries rights
and interest (howsoever described) in that trust shall not be
transferable within six months after that corporation or that
trust has acquired the shares under Section 275 of the SFA
except:
(i) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of
the SFA or to a relevant person (as defined in
Section 275(2) of the SFA) and in accordance with the
conditions, specified in Section 275 of the SFA;
(ii) (in the case of a corporation) where the transfer
arises from an offer referred to in Section 275(1A) of the
SFA, or (in the case of a trust) where the transfer arises from
an offer that is made on terms that such rights or interests are
acquired at a consideration of not less than S$200,000 (or its
equivalent in a foreign currency) for each transaction, whether
such amount is to be paid for in cash or by exchange of
securities or other assets;
(iii) where no consideration is or will be given for the
transfer; or
(iv) where the transfer is by operation of law.
By accepting this prospectus, the recipient hereof represents
and warrants that he is entitled to receive it in accordance
with the restrictions set forth above and agrees to be bound by
limitations contained herein. Any failure to comply with these
limitations may constitute a violation of law.
156
LEGAL
MATTERS
Certain legal matters in connection with this offering including
the validity of the shares being offered by this prospectus and
certain tax matters will be passed upon for us by
Hunton & Williams LLP. Certain legal matters in
connection with this offering will be passed upon for the
underwriters by Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver &
Jacobson LLP, New York, New York. Venable LLP will issue an
opinion to us regarding certain matters of Maryland law,
including the validity of the shares of common stock offered by
this prospectus.
EXPERTS
The financial statements as of December 31, 2010 and for
the period from November 24, 2010 (date operations
commenced) through December 31, 2010 included in this
Prospectus and in the Registration Statement have been so
included in reliance on the report of BDO USA, LLP, an
independent registered public accounting firm, appearing
elsewhere herein and in the Registration Statement, given on the
authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
157
WHERE YOU CAN
FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on
Form S-11,
including exhibits and schedules filed with the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part, under the
Securities Act with respect to the shares of our common stock to
be sold in this offering. This prospectus does not contain all
of the information set forth in the registration statement and
exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. For
further information with respect to the Company and the shares
to be sold in this offering, reference is made to the
registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules to
the registration statement. Copies of the registration
statement, including the exhibits and schedules to the
registration statement, may be examined without charge at the
public reference room of the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E.,
Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. Information about the
operation of the public reference room may be obtained by
calling the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0300.
Copies of all or a portion of the registration statement can be
obtained from the public reference room of the SEC upon payment
of prescribed fees. Our SEC filings, including our registration
statement, are also available to you for free on the SECs
website at www.sec.gov.
As a result of this offering, we will become subject to the
information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and
will file periodic reports and proxy statements and will make
available to our stockholders annual reports containing audited
financial information for each year and quarterly reports for
the first three quarters of each fiscal year containing
unaudited interim financial information.
158
Index to
Financial Statements
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|
|
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Page
|
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF MARCH 31, 2011 AND DECEMBER 31,
2010, AND FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2011
(UNAUDITED)
|
|
|
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|
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F-2
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F-3
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F-4
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F-5
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F-6
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|
|
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2010 AND FOR THE
PERIOD FROM NOVEMBER 24, 2010 (DATE OPERATIONS COMMENCED)
THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 2010
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F-15
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F-16
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F-17
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F-18
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F-19
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F-20
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F-1
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
|
|
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|
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|
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March 31, 2011
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December 31, 2010
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(Unaudited)
|
|
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|
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ASSETS:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Mortgage-backed securities held for trading
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pledged to counterparty, at fair value
|
|
$
|
24,138,771
|
|
|
$
|
24,420,773
|
|
Unpledged, at fair value
|
|
|
4,764,885
|
|
|
|
1,421,891
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
28,903,656
|
|
|
|
25,842,664
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
684,045
|
|
|
|
1,196,035
|
|
Restricted cash
|
|
|
130,950
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued interest receivable
|
|
|
172,251
|
|
|
|
93,326
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other assets
|
|
|
105,310
|
|
|
|
|
|
Due from Bimini Capital Management, Inc.
|
|
|
105,183
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
$
|
30,101,395
|
|
|
$
|
27,132,025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
LIABILITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
$
|
22,530,842
|
|
|
$
|
22,732,684
|
|
Accrued interest payable
|
|
|
9,103
|
|
|
|
4,407
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
|
75,532
|
|
|
|
|
|
Due to Bimini Capital Management, Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,088
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Liabilities
|
|
|
22,615,477
|
|
|
|
22,757,179
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
|
|
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STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY:
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares
authorized; 75,000 shares subscribed as of March 31,
2011 and 44,050 shares subscribed as of December 31,
2010
|
|
|
750
|
|
|
|
441
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
7,499,250
|
|
|
|
4,404,559
|
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(14,082
|
)
|
|
|
(30,154
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Stockholders Equity
|
|
|
7,485,918
|
|
|
|
4,374,846
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Liabilities and Stockholders Equity
|
|
$
|
30,101,395
|
|
|
$
|
27,132,025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-2
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2011
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
Interest income
|
|
$
|
307,764
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(18,942
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net interest income
|
|
|
288,822
|
|
Losses on trading securities
|
|
|
(168,532
|
)
|
Gains on futures contracts
|
|
|
10,875
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net portfolio income
|
|
|
131,165
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
Audit, legal and other professional fees
|
|
|
49,951
|
|
Direct REIT operating and other administrative expenses
|
|
|
65,142
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
115,093
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income taxes
|
|
|
16,072
|
|
Income tax provision
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
16,072
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted net income per subscribed share
|
|
$
|
0.21
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares subscribed at March 31, 2011
|
|
|
75,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional Paid-in
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
Balances, January 1, 2011
|
|
$
|
441
|
|
|
$
|
4,404,559
|
|
|
$
|
(30,154
|
)
|
|
$
|
4,374,846
|
|
Common shares subscribed
|
|
|
309
|
|
|
|
3,094,691
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,095,000
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16,072
|
|
|
|
16,072
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balances, March 31, 2011
|
|
$
|
750
|
|
|
$
|
7,499,250
|
|
|
$
|
(14,082
|
)
|
|
$
|
7,485,918
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-4
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2011
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
16,072
|
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by
operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
Losses on trading securities
|
|
|
168,532
|
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued interest receivable
|
|
|
(78,924
|
)
|
Prepaids and other assets
|
|
|
(105,310
|
)
|
Accrued interest payable
|
|
|
4,696
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
|
75,532
|
|
Due from/to Bimini Capital Management, Inc.
|
|
|
(3,288
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
77,310
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
From mortgage-backed securities investments:
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases
|
|
|
(3,769,370
|
)
|
Principal repayments
|
|
|
417,864
|
|
Increase in restricted cash
|
|
|
(130,950
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
(3,482,456
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from repurchase agreements
|
|
|
22,530,842
|
|
Principal payments on repurchase agreements
|
|
|
(22,732,684
|
)
|
Proceeds from common shares subscription
|
|
|
3,095,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
2,893,156
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
|
|
|
(511,990
|
)
|
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of the period
|
|
|
1,196,035
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of the period
|
|
$
|
684,045
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid during the period for:
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
|
|
$
|
14,246
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-5
|
|
NOTE
1.
|
ORGANIZATION AND
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
|
Organization and
Business Description
Orchid Island Capital, Inc., a Maryland corporation
(Orchid or the Company), was
incorporated in Maryland on August 17, 2010 for the purpose
of creating and managing a leveraged investment portfolio
consisting of residential mortgage-backed securities
(MBS). From incorporation through March 31,
2011, Orchid was a wholly owned subsidiary of Bimini Capital
Management, Inc. (Bimini). Orchid began operations
on November 24, 2010 (the date of commencement of
operations). From incorporation through November 24, 2010,
Orchids only activity was the sale of common stock to
Bimini. Bimini has elected to be taxed as a real estate
investment trust (REIT) under the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), and Orchid is
therefore a qualified REIT subsidiary of Bimini
under the Code. A REIT is generally not subject to federal
income tax on its REIT taxable income provided that it
distributes to its stockholders at least 90% of its REIT taxable
income on an annual basis. In addition, a REIT must meet other
provisions of the Code to retain its special tax status.
Basis of
Presentation and Use of Estimates
The accompanying financial statements are prepared on the
accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States
(GAAP). The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts
of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual
results could differ from those estimates. The significant
estimates affecting the accompanying financial statements are
the fair values of MBS.
Statement of
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards
Boards Accounting Standards Codification (FASB
ASC) Topic 220, Comprehensive Income, a statement
of comprehensive income has not been included as the Company has
no items of other comprehensive income. Comprehensive income is
the same as net income for the period presented.
Cash and Cash
Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on deposit with financial
institutions and highly liquid investments with original
maturities of three months or less. Restricted cash, if any,
represents cash held on deposit as collateral with the
repurchase agreement counterparty, which may be used to make
principal and interest payments on the related repurchase
agreements. As of March 31, 2011, $130,950 of the
Companys cash and cash equivalents were restricted at
March 31, 2011.
The Company maintains cash balances at two banks, and at times,
balances may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has
not experienced any losses related to these balances. All
non-interest bearing cash balances were fully insured at
March 31, 2011 due to a temporary federal program in effect
from December 31, 2010 through December 31, 2012.
Under the program, there is no limit to the amount of insurance
for eligible accounts. Beginning 2013, insurance coverage will
revert to $250,000 per depositor at each financial institution,
and our non-interest bearing cash balances may again exceed
federally insured limits. At March 31, 2011, none of the
Companys deposits were uninsured.
F-6
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Mortgage-Backed
Securities
The Company invests in MBS consisting primarily of mortgage
pass-through (PT) certificates, collateralized
mortgage obligations, and interest only (IO)
securities or inverse interest only (IIO) securities
representing interest in or obligations backed by pools of
mortgage loans. MBS transactions are recorded on the trade date.
Investments in MBS are classified as held for trading. The
Company acquires MBS for the purpose of generating long-term
returns, and not for the short-term investment of idle capital.
Under FASB ASC 320, Investments Debt and
Equity Securities, the Company has the option to classify
its MBS as either trading securities or available for sale. The
Company elected to classify its MBS as trading securities in
order to reflect changes in the fair value of the MBS in its
statement of operations, which it believes more appropriately
reflects the results of operations for a particular period. All
MBS securities held by Orchid are reflected in the
Companys financial statements at their estimated fair
value.
The fair value of the Companys investments in MBS is
governed by FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and
Disclosures. The definition of fair value in FASB
ASC 820 focuses on the price that would be received to sell
the asset or paid to transfer the liability in an orderly
transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
The fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell
the asset or transfer the liability either occurs in the
principal market for the asset or liability, or in the absence
of a principal market, occurs in the most advantageous market
for the asset or liability. Estimated fair values for MBS are
based on the average of third-party broker quotes received
and/or
independent pricing sources when available.
Income on MBS PT securities is based on the stated interest rate
of the security. Premiums or discounts present at the date of
purchase are not amortized. For IO securities, the income is
accrued based on the carrying value and the effective yield.
Cash received is first applied to accrued interest and then to
reduce the carrying value. At each reporting date, the effective
yield is adjusted prospectively from the reporting period based
on the new estimate of prepayments and the contractual terms of
the security. For IIO securities, effective yield and income
recognition calculations also take into account the index value
applicable to the security. Changes in fair value of MBS during
the period are recorded in earnings and reported as gains or
losses on trading securities in the accompanying statement of
operations.
Derivative
Financial Instruments
The Company has entered into Eurodollar futures contracts to
manage interest rate risk, facilitate asset/liability strategies
and manage other exposures, and it may continue to do so in the
future. The Company has elected to not treat any of its
derivative financial instruments as hedges. FASB ASC Topic 815,
Derivatives and Hedging, requires that all derivative
instruments are carried at fair value.
Financial
Instruments
FASB ASC 825, Financial Instruments, requires
disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments for which
it is practicable to estimate that value, either in the body of
the financial statements or in the accompanying notes. MBS and
Eurodollar futures contracts are accounted for at fair value in
the balance sheet. The methods and assumptions used to estimate
fair value for these instruments are presented in Note 7 of
the financial statements.
The estimated fair value of cash and cash equivalents, accrued
interest receivable, repurchase agreements, accrued interest
payable, accounts payable and accrued expenses and due to Bimini
F-7
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
generally approximates their carrying value as of March 31,
2011 due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments.
Repurchase
Agreements
The Company finances the acquisition of the majority of its PT
MBS through the use of repurchase agreements. Repurchase
agreements are treated as collateralized financing transactions
and are carried at their contractual amounts, including accrued
interest, as specified in the respective agreements. Although
structured as a sale and repurchase obligation, a repurchase
agreement operates as a financing under which securities are
pledged as collateral to secure a short-term loan equal in value
to a specified percentage (generally between 90 and
93 percent) of the market value of the pledged collateral.
While used as collateral, the borrower retains beneficial
ownership of the pledged collateral, including the right to
distributions. At the maturity of a repurchase agreement, the
borrower is required to repay the loan and concurrently receive
the pledged collateral from the lender or, with the consent of
the lender, renew such agreement at the then prevailing
financing rate. Margin calls, whereby a lender requires that the
Company pledge additional securities or cash as collateral to
secure borrowings under its repurchase agreements with such a
lender, are expected to be routinely experienced by the Company
when the value of the MBS pledged as collateral declines or as a
result of principal amortization or due to changes in market
interest rates, spreads or other market conditions.
The Companys repurchase agreements typically have terms
ranging from 24 days to six months at inception, with some
having longer terms. Should a counterparty decide not to renew a
repurchase agreement at maturity, the Company must either
refinance with another lender or be in a position to satisfy the
obligation. If, during the term of a repurchase agreement, a
lender should file for bankruptcy, the Company might experience
difficulty recovering its pledged assets, which could result in
an unsecured claim against the lender for the difference between
the amount loaned to the Company plus interest due to the
counterparty and the fair value of the collateral pledged to
such lender. At March 31, 2011, the Company had outstanding
balances under repurchase agreements with one lender with a
maximum amount at risk (the difference between the amount loaned
to the Company, including interest payable, and the fair value
of securities pledged by the Company as collateral, including
accrued interest on such securities) of $1.7 million.
Earnings Per
Share
The Company follows the provisions of FASB ASC 260,
Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share
(EPS) is calculated as income available to common
stockholders divided by the weighted average number of common
shares outstanding or subscribed during the period. Diluted EPS
is calculated using the if converted method for
common stock equivalents, if any. However, the common stock
equivalents are not included in computing diluted EPS if the
result is anti-dilutive. For the period ended March 31,
2011, the number of shares outstanding at March 31, 2011 is
used for the EPS computation, as Bimini was the sole subscribed
shareholder during the entire period.
Income
Taxes
Bimini has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code. For tax
purposes, for the period ended March 31, 2011, Orchid is
considered to be a qualified REIT subsidiary of
Bimini, and therefore, Orchid is included in the federal income
tax return filed by Bimini. Orchids income tax attributes,
as discussed below, are calculated as if Bimini and Orchid filed
on a separate return basis.
REIT taxable income is computed in accordance with the Code,
which is different than Orchids financial statement net
income computed in accordance with GAAP. These differences can
be substantial and can effect several years. For the initial
period ended March 31, 2011, Orchids REIT
F-8
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
taxable income is estimated to be $185,000. This difference from
the GAAP income is solely attributable to the fair value
adjustments on trading securities recorded for GAAP totaling
$169,000; for tax purposes, such losses are not recognized until
the loss is realized upon the sale of the securities.
Bimini and Orchid will generally not be subject to federal
income tax on their REIT taxable income to the extent that
Bimini distributes its REIT taxable income to its stockholders
and satisfies the ongoing REIT requirements, including meeting
certain asset, income and stock ownership tests. A REIT must
generally distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to
its stockholders, of which 85% generally must be distributed
within the taxable year, in order to avoid the imposition of an
excise tax. The remaining balance may be distributed up to the
end of the following taxable year, provided the REIT elects to
treat such amount as a prior year distribution and meets certain
other requirements. At March 31, 2011, management believes
that Bimini and Orchid have complied with the Code requirements
and that Bimini continues to qualify as a REIT.
Orchid recognizes and measures its unrecognized tax benefits in
accordance with FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes. Under that
guidance, Orchid assesses the likelihood, based on their
technical merit, that tax positions will be sustained upon
examination based on the facts, circumstances and information
available at the end of each period. All of Orchids tax
positions, including its future REIT status, are categorized as
highly certain. There is no accrual for any tax, interest or
penalties related to Orchids assessment. The measurement
of unrecognized tax benefits is adjusted when new information is
available, or when an event occurs that requires a change.
Recent Accounting
Pronouncements
In April 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update
2011-03
(ASU) regarding repurchase agreements. In a typical
repurchase agreement transaction, an entity transfers financial
assets to a counterparty in exchange for cash with an agreement
for the counterparty to return the same or equivalent financial
assets for a fixed price in the future. Previous to this ASU,
one of the factors in determining whether sale treatment could
be used was whether the transferor maintained effective control
of the transferred assets and, in order to do so, the transferor
must have the ability to repurchase such assets. Based on this
ASU, the FASB concluded that the assessment of effective control
should focus on a transferors contractual rights and
obligations with respect to transferred financial assets, rather
than whether the transferor has the practical ability to perform
in accordance with those rights or obligations. Therefore, this
ASU removes the transferors ability criterion from
consideration of effective control. This ASU is effective for
the first interim or annual period beginning on or after
December 15, 2011. Since the Company records repurchase
agreements as secured borrowings and not sales, this ASU will
have no effect on the Companys financial statements.
In March 2010, the FASB issued ASU
No. 2010-11,
Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) Scope
Exception Related to Embedded Credit Derivatives, to clarify
the scope exception under ASC
815-15,
Derivatives and Hedging Embedded Derivatives,
for embedded credit derivative features to explain how to
determine which features are considered to be embedded
derivatives that should not be analyzed for potential
bifurcation. The ASU also clarifies that the embedded credit
derivative feature related to the transfer of credit risk only
in the form of subordination is not subject to the application
of
ASC 815-15
and articulates certain additional circumstances that do not
qualify for the exception. The ASU also discusses the use of the
fair value option for investments in a beneficial interest in a
securitized financial asset. The ASU was effective at the
beginning of the first fiscal quarter beginning after
June 15, 2010, with early adoption permitted. The
implementation of this new accounting guidance did not have a
material impact on the Companys financial statements.
F-9
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
In February 2010, the FASB issued ASU
No. 2010-09,
Amendments to Certain Recognition and Disclosure
Requirements, which amends ASC 855, Subsequent
Events, to address certain implementation issues related to
an entitys requirement to perform and disclose
subsequent-events procedures. ASU
2010-09
requires SEC filers to evaluate subsequent events through the
date the financial statements are issued and exempts SEC filers
from disclosing the date through which subsequent events have
been evaluated. The ASU was effective immediately upon issuance.
The implementation of this new accounting guidance did not have
a material impact on the Companys financial statements.
In January 2010, the FASB issued ASU
No. 2010-06,
Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements,
which requires additional disclosures related to the transfers
in and out of the fair value hierarchy and the activity of
Level 3 financial instruments. This ASU also provides
clarification for the classification of financial instruments
and the discussion of inputs and valuation techniques. The new
disclosures and clarification are effective for interim and
annual reporting periods after December 15, 2009, except
for the disclosures related to the activity of Level 3
financial instruments. Those disclosures are effective for
periods beginning after December 15, 2010 and for interim
periods within those years. The Company has implemented all of
the required disclosures of ASU
No. 2010-06,
and that implementation did not have a material impact on the
Companys financial statements.
|
|
NOTE
2.
|
MORTGAGE-BACKED
SECURITIES
|
The following table presents the Companys MBS portfolio as
of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2011
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
Pass-through certificates, at fair value:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjustable-rate mortgages
|
|
$
|
7,721
|
|
|
$
|
7,732
|
|
Fixed-rate mortgages
|
|
|
16,418
|
|
|
|
16,689
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total pass-through certificates
|
|
|
24,139
|
|
|
|
24,421
|
|
Structured MBS certificates, at fair value:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Structured MBS
|
|
|
4,765
|
|
|
|
1,422
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Totals
|
|
$
|
28,904
|
|
|
$
|
25,843
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Companys entire MBS portfolio has contractual
maturities greater than 10 years as of March 31, 2011.
Actual maturities of MBS investments are generally shorter than
stated contractual maturities and are affected by the
contractual lives of the underlying mortgages, periodic payments
of principal and prepayments of principal.
NOTE
3. REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
As of March 31, 2011, Orchid had outstanding repurchase
obligations of approximately $22.5 million with a net
weighted average borrowing rate of 0.33%. These agreements were
collateralized by MBS with a fair value, including accrued
interest, of approximately $24.2 million. As of
December 31, 2010, Orchid had outstanding repurchase
obligations of approximately $22.7 million with a net
weighted average borrowing rate of 0.32%. These agreements were
collateralized by MBS with a
F-10
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
fair value, including accrued interest, of approximately
$24.5 million. As of March 31, 2011 and
December 31, 2010, Orchids repurchase agreements had
remaining maturities as summarized below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overnight
|
|
|
Between 2 and
|
|
|
Between 31 and
|
|
|
Greater Than
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 Day or Less)
|
|
|
30 Days
|
|
|
90 Days
|
|
|
90 Days
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
March 31, 2011
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agency-backed mortgage backed securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair market value of securities sold, including accrued interest
receivable
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
8,853
|
|
|
$
|
15,360
|
|
|
$
|
24,213
|
|
Repurchase agreement liabilities associated with these securities
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
8,026
|
|
|
$
|
14,505
|
|
|
$
|
22,531
|
|
Net weighted average borrowing rate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.32
|
%
|
|
|
0.33
|
%
|
|
|
0.33
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agency-backed mortgage backed securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair market value of securities sold, including accrued interest
receivable
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
8,990
|
|
|
$
|
15,506
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
24,496
|
|
Repurchase agreement liabilities associated with these securities
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
8,020
|
|
|
$
|
14,713
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
22,733
|
|
Net weighted average borrowing rate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.27
|
%
|
|
|
0.35
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.32
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Summary information regarding the Companys amounts at risk
with individual counterparties greater than 10% of the
Companys equity at March 31, 2011 and
December 31, 2010 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maturity of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase
|
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Agreements
|
|
Repurchase Agreement Counterparties
|
|
at
Risk(1)
|
|
|
in Days
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2011
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MF Global, Inc.
|
|
$
|
1,673
|
|
|
|
77
|
|
December 31, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MF Global, Inc.
|
|
$
|
1,760
|
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Equal to the fair value of
securities sold, plus accrued interest income, minus the sum of
repurchase agreement liabilities and accrued interest expense.
|
NOTE
4. CAPITAL STOCK
The total number of shares of capital stock which the Company
has the authority to issue is 1,000,000 shares of
$0.01 par value common stock. Subsequent to its
organization and through
F-11
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
March 31, 2011, the Company received aggregate net proceeds
of $7,500,000 from Bimini for the subscription to purchase
75,000 shares of the Companys common stock. Orchid
had 75,000 shares of common stock subscribed for issuance
as of March, 31, 2011.
NOTE
5. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The table below reconciles the numerator and denominator of the
EPS for the period ended March 31, 2011.
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
16,072
|
|
Outstanding shares subscribed
|
|
|
75,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income per common share subscribed
|
|
$
|
0.21
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOTE
6. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
In connection with the Companys interest rate risk
management strategy, during the first quarter of 2011 the
Company economically hedged a portion of its interest rate risk
by entering into derivative financial instrument contracts. The
Company did not elect hedging treatment under GAAP, and as such
all gains and losses on these instruments are reflected in
earnings for the period presented.
As of March 31, 2011, such instruments are comprised
entirely of Eurodollar futures contracts. Eurodollar futures are
cash settled futures contracts on an interest rate, with gains
and losses credited and charged to the Companys account on
a daily basis. A minimum balance, or margin, is
required to be maintained in the account on a daily basis. The
Company is exposed to the changes in value of the futures by the
amount of margin held by the broker. The total amount of margin
at March 31, 2011 was approximately $131,000 and is
reflected in restricted cash.
The Companys Eurodollar futures contracts with a notional
amount of $20 million attempt to achieve a fixed interest
rate related to a portion of its repurchase agreement
obligations. As of March 31, 2011, the Company has
effectively locked in a weighted-average fixed LIBOR rate of
0.97% on $20 million of its repurchase agreement
obligations through December 2012.
For the three months ended March 31, 2011, the Company
recorded gains of approximately $11,000 on Eurodollar futures
contracts.
NOTE
7. FAIR VALUE
Authoritative accounting literature establishes a framework for
using fair value to measure assets and liabilities and defines
fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset
or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) as opposed to
the price that would be paid to acquire the asset or received to
assume the liability (an entry price). A fair value measure
should reflect the assumptions that market participants would
use in pricing the asset or liability, including the assumptions
about the risk inherent in a particular valuation technique, the
effect of a restriction on the sale or use of an asset and the
risk of nonperformance. Required disclosures include
stratification of balance sheet amounts measured at fair value
based on inputs the Company uses to derive fair value
measurements. These strata include:
|
|
|
|
|
Level 1 valuations, where the valuation is based on quoted
market prices for identical assets or liabilities traded in
active markets (which include exchanges and
over-the-counter
markets with sufficient volume),
|
F-12
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
Level 2 valuations, where the valuation is based on quoted
market prices for similar instruments traded in active markets,
quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets
that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for
which all significant assumptions are observable in the market,
and
|
|
|
|
Level 3 valuations, where the valuation is generated from
model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not
observable in the market, but observable based on
Company-specific data. These unobservable assumptions reflect
the Companys own estimates for assumptions that market
participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
Valuation techniques typically include option pricing models,
discounted cash flow models and similar techniques, but may also
include the use of market prices of assets or liabilities that
are not directly comparable to the subject asset or liability.
|
MBS and Eurodollar futures contracts were recorded at fair value
on a recurring basis during the period ended March 31,
2011. When determining fair value measurements, the Company
considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it
would transact and considers assumptions that market
participants would use when pricing the asset. When possible,
the Company looks to active and observable markets to price
identical assets. When identical assets are not traded in active
markets, the Company looks to market observable data for similar
assets. The following table presents financial assets and
liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of
March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Measurements Using
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quoted Prices
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in Active
|
|
|
Significant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Markets for
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
Significant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Identical
|
|
|
Observable
|
|
|
Unobservable
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
Inputs
|
|
|
Inputs
|
|
|
|
Measurements
|
|
|
(Level 1)
|
|
|
(Level 2)
|
|
|
(Level 3)
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
March 31, 2011
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MBS
|
|
$
|
28,904
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
28,904
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Eurodollar futures contracts
|
|
|
131
|
|
|
|
131
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MBS
|
|
$
|
25,843
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
25,843
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
NOTE
8. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Management
Agreement
Orchid has entered into a management agreement with Bimini,
which provides for an initial term through December 31,
2011 with automatic one-year extension options and subject to
certain termination rights. The Company pays Bimini a monthly
management fee equal to 1.50% per annum of the gross
Stockholders Equity (as defined in the management
agreement) of Orchid.
Orchid is obligated to reimburse Bimini for its costs incurred
under the management agreement. In addition, Orchid is required
to pay Bimini a monthly fee of $7,200, which represents an
allocation of overhead expenses for items that include, but are
not limited to, occupancy costs, insurance and administrative
expenses. These expenses are allocated based on the ratio of
Orchids assets and Bimini consolidated assets. Total
expenses recorded during the period ended March 31, 2011
for management fees and allocated costs incurred was $42,500.
During the three months ended March 31, 2011, the Company
purchased MBS with a fair value of $1,071,040, including $14,620
of accrued interest, from Bimini. The MBS purchases were in the
F-13
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
ordinary course of business and on substantially the same terms,
including prices, as comparable transactions available in the
market.
At March 31, 2011, there was an amount due from Bimini of
$105,183. At December 31, 2010, there was an amount due to
Bimini of $20,088.
NOTE
9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
From time to time, the Company may become involved in various
claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of
business. Management is not aware of any reported or unreported
contingencies at March 31, 2011.
NOTE
10. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Subsequent events were evaluated through June 23, 2011, the
date which the financial statements were available to be issued,
and Orchid has determined that no events occurred subsequent to
March 31, 2011 that require disclosure other than described
below.
On April 28, 2011, the Companys Board of Directors
authorized: (i) the offer and sale in an underwritten
public offering by the Company of shares of the Companys
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, and
(ii) a private placement by the Company of the
Companys Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per
share, with Bimini as purchaser, in each case having the terms,
rights, and privileges, and subject to conditions, set forth in
a Registration Statement on
Form S-11.
F-14
Report of
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Stockholder
Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
Vero Beach, Florida
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Orchid Island
Capital, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31,
2010 and the related statements of operations,
stockholders equity and cash flows for the period from
November 24, 2010 (date operations commenced) to
December 31, 2010. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Companys management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to
have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal
control over financial reporting. Our audit included
consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a
basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the
circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion
on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over
financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An
audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements, assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating
the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that
our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position
of Orchid Island Capital, Inc. at December 31, 2010, and
the results of its operations and its cash flows for period from
November 24, 2010 (date operations commenced) to
December 31, 2010, in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/ BDO USA, LLP
Certified Public Accountants
West Palm Beach, Florida
May 3, 2011
F-15
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
DECEMBER 31,
2010
|
|
|
|
|
ASSETS:
|
|
|
|
|
Mortgage-backed securities held for trading
|
|
|
|
|
Pledged to counterparty, at fair value
|
|
$
|
24,420,773
|
|
Unpledged, at fair value
|
|
|
1,421,891
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
25,842,664
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
1,196,035
|
|
Accrued interest receivable
|
|
|
93,326
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
$
|
27,132,025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
|
|
LIABILITIES:
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
$
|
22,732,684
|
|
Accrued interest payable
|
|
|
4,407
|
|
Due to Bimini Capital Management, Inc.
|
|
|
20,088
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Liabilities
|
|
$
|
22,757,179
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
|
|
|
|
|
STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY:
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares
authorized:
44,050 shares subscribed as of December 31, 2010
|
|
|
441
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
4,404,559
|
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(30,154
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Stockholders Equity
|
|
|
4,374,846
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Liabilities and Stockholders Equity
|
|
$
|
27,132,025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-16
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
For the
Period from November 24, 2010 (date operations commenced)
through December 31, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income
|
|
$
|
69,340
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(5,186
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net interest income
|
|
|
64,154
|
|
Losses on trading securities
|
|
|
(55,307
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net portfolio income
|
|
|
8,847
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
Audit, legal and other professional fees
|
|
|
22,542
|
|
Direct REIT operating and other administrative expenses
|
|
|
16,459
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
39,001
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before income taxes
|
|
|
(30,154
|
)
|
Income tax provision
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(30,154
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted net loss per subscribed share
|
|
$
|
(0.68
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares subscribed at December 31, 2010
|
|
|
44,050
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-17
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
For the
Period from November 24, 2010 (date operations commenced)
through December 31, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock
|
|
|
Paid-in Capital
|
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Balances, date of incorporation
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Common shares subscribed
|
|
|
441
|
|
|
|
4,404,559
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,405,000
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(30,154
|
)
|
|
|
(30,154
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balances, December 31, 2010
|
|
$
|
441
|
|
|
$
|
4,404,559
|
|
|
$
|
(30,154
|
)
|
|
$
|
4,374,846
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-18
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
For the
Period from November 24, 2010 (date operations commenced)
through December 31, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(30,154
|
)
|
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating
activities:
|
|
|
|
|
Losses on trading securities
|
|
|
55,307
|
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued interest receivable
|
|
|
(93,326
|
)
|
Accrued interest payable
|
|
|
4,407
|
|
Due to Bimini Capital Management, Inc.
|
|
|
20,088
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
(43,678
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
From mortgage-backed securities investments:
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases
|
|
|
(25,949,180
|
)
|
Principal repayments
|
|
|
51,209
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
(25,897,971
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from repurchase agreements
|
|
|
30,021,684
|
|
Principal payments on repurchase agreements
|
|
|
(7,289,000
|
)
|
Proceeds from common shares subscription
|
|
|
4,405,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
27,137,684
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
|
|
|
1,196,035
|
|
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of the period
|
|
|
|
|
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of the period
|
|
$
|
1,196,035
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid during the period for:
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
|
|
$
|
779
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-19
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
DECEMBER 31, 2010
|
|
NOTE 1.
|
ORGANIZATION AND
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
|
Organization and
Business Description
Orchid Island Capital, Inc., a Maryland corporation
(Orchid or the Company), was
incorporated in Maryland on August 17, 2010 for the purpose
of creating and managing a leveraged investment portfolio
consisting of residential mortgage-backed securities
(MBS). From incorporation through December 31,
2010, Orchid was a wholly owned subsidiary of Bimini Capital
Management, Inc. (Bimini). Orchid began operations
on November 24, 2010 (the date of commencement of
operations). From incorporation through November 24, 2010,
Orchids only activity was the sale of common stock to
Bimini. Bimini has elected to be taxed as a real estate
investment trust (REIT) under the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), and Orchid is
therefore a qualified REIT subsidiary of Bimini
under the Code. REITs are generally not subject to federal
income tax on their REIT taxable income provided that they
distribute to their stockholders at least 90% of their REIT
taxable income on an annual basis. In addition, a REIT must meet
other provisions of the Code to retain its special tax status.
Basis of
Presentation and Use of Estimates
The accompanying financial statements are prepared on the
accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States
(GAAP). The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts
of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual
results could differ from those estimates. The significant
estimates affecting the accompanying financial statements are
the fair values of MBS.
Statement of
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards
Boards Accounting Standards Codification (FASB
ASC) Topic 220, Comprehensive Income, a statement of
comprehensive income has not been included as the Company has no
items of other comprehensive income. Comprehensive loss is the
same as net loss for the period presented.
Cash and Cash
Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on deposit with financial
institutions and highly liquid investments with original
maturities of three months or less. Restricted cash, if any,
represents cash held on deposit as collateral with the
repurchase agreement counterparty, which may be used to make
principal and interest payments on the related repurchase
agreements. None of the Companys cash and cash equivalents
were restricted at December 31, 2010.
The Company maintains cash balances at two banks, and, at times,
balances may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has
not experienced any losses related to these balances. All
non-interest bearing cash balances were fully insured at
December 31, 2010 due to a temporary federal program in
effect from December 31, 2010 through December 31,
2012. Under the program, there is no limit to the amount of
insurance for eligible accounts. Beginning in 2013, insurance
coverage will revert to $250,000 per depositor at each financial
institution, and our non-interest bearing cash balances may
again exceed federally insured limits. At December 31,
2010, none of the Companys deposits were uninsured.
Mortgage-Backed
Securities
The Company invests primarily in mortgage pass-through
(PT) certificates, collateralized mortgage
obligations, and interest only (IO) securities or
inverse interest only (IIO) securities
F-20
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
representing interest in or obligations backed by MBS. MBS
transactions are recorded on the trade date.
In accordance with FASB ASC 320, Investments
Debt and Equity Securities, the Company classifies its
investments in MBS into one of three categories: trading,
available-for-sale
or
held-to-maturity.
All MBS securities held by Orchid are reflected in the
Companys financial statements at their estimated fair
value.
The fair value of the Companys investments in MBS is
governed by FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and
Disclosures. The definition of fair value in FASB ASC 820
focuses on the price that would be received to sell the asset or
paid to transfer the liability in an orderly transaction between
market participants at the measurement date. The fair value
measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or
transfer the liability either occurs in the principal market for
the asset or liability, or in the absence of a principal market,
occurs in the most advantageous market for the asset or
liability. Estimated fair values for MBS are based on the
average of third-party broker quotes received
and/or
independent pricing sources when available.
Income on PT MBS securities is based on the stated interest rate
of the security. Premiums or discounts present at the date of
purchase are not amortized. For IO securities, the income is
accrued based on the carrying value and the effective yield.
Cash received is first applied to accrued interest and then to
reduce the carrying value. At each reporting date, the effective
yield is adjusted prospectively from the reporting period based
on the new estimate of prepayments and the contractual terms of
the security. For IIO securities, effective yield and income
recognition calculations also take into account the index value
applicable to the security. Changes in fair value of MBS during
the period are recorded in earnings and reported as losses on
trading securities in the accompanying statement of operations.
Financial
Instruments
FASB ASC 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure of
the fair value of financial instruments for which it is
practicable to estimate that value, either in the body of the
financial statements or in the accompanying notes. MBS are
accounted for at fair value in the balance sheet. The methods
and assumptions used to estimate fair value for these
instruments are presented in Note 6 of the financial
statements.
The estimated fair value of cash and cash equivalents, accrued
interest receivable, repurchase agreements and accrued interest
payable and due to Bimini Capital Management, Inc. generally
approximates their carrying value as of December 31, 2010
due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments.
Repurchase
Agreements
The Company finances the acquisition of the majority of its PT
MBS through the use of repurchase agreements. Repurchase
agreements are treated as collateralized financing transactions
and are carried at their contractual amounts, including accrued
interest, as specified in the respective agreements. Although
structured as a sale and repurchase obligation, a repurchase
agreement operates as a financing under which securities are
pledged as collateral to secure a short-term loan equal in value
to a specified percentage (generally between 90 and
93 percent) of the market value of the pledged collateral.
While used as collateral, the borrower retains beneficial
ownership of the pledged collateral, including the right to
distributions. At the maturity of a repurchase agreement, the
borrower is required to repay the loan and concurrently receive
the pledged collateral from the lender or, with the consent of
the lender, renew such agreement at the then prevailing
financing rate. Margin calls, whereby a lender requires that the
Company pledge additional securities or cash as collateral to
secure borrowings under its repurchase agreements with such a
lender, are expected to be routinely
F-21
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
experienced by the Company when the value of the MBS pledged as
collateral declines or as a result of principal amortization or
due to changes in market interest rates, spreads or other market
conditions.
The Companys repurchase agreements typically have terms
ranging from 24 days to six months at inception, with some
having longer terms. Should a counterparty decide not to renew a
repurchase agreement at maturity, the Company must either
refinance with another lender or be in a position to satisfy the
obligation. If, during the term of a repurchase agreement, a
lender should file for bankruptcy, the Company might experience
difficulty recovering its pledged assets, which could result in
an unsecured claim against the lender for the difference between
the amount loaned to the Company plus interest due to the
counterparty and the fair value of the collateral pledged to
such lender, including the accrued interest receivable. At
December 31, 2010, the Company had outstanding balances
under repurchase agreements with one lender with a maximum
amount at risk (the difference between the amount loaned to the
Company, including interest payable, and the fair value of
securities pledged by the Company as collateral, including
accrued interest on such securities) of $1.8 million.
Earnings Per
Share
The Company follows the provisions of FASB ASC 260,
Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share (EPS)
is calculated as income available to common stockholders divided
by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding or
subscribed during the period. Diluted EPS is calculated using
the if converted method for common stock
equivalents, if any. However, the common stock equivalents are
not included in computing diluted EPS if the result is
anti-dilutive. For the initial period ended December 31,
2010, the number of shares outstanding or subscribed at
December 31, 2010 is used for the EPS computation, as
Bimini was the sole subscribed shareholder during the entire
period.
Income
Taxes
Bimini has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code. For tax
purposes, for the period ended December 31, 2010, Orchid is
considered to be a qualified REIT subsidiary of
Bimini, and therefore, Orchid is included in the federal income
tax return filed by Bimini. Orchids income tax attributes,
as discussed below, are calculated as if Bimini and Orchid filed
on a separate return basis.
REIT taxable income (loss) is computed in accordance with the
Code, which is different than Orchids financial statement
net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP. These
differences can be substantial, and can affect several years.
For the initial period ended December 31, 2010,
Orchids REIT taxable income is estimated to be $25,153.
This difference from the GAAP loss is solely attributable to the
fair value adjustments on trading securities recorded for GAAP
totaling $55,307; for tax purposes, such losses are not
recognized until the loss is realized upon the sale of the
securities.
Bimini and Orchid will generally not be subject to federal
income tax on their REIT taxable income to the extent that
Bimini distributes its REIT taxable income to its stockholders
and satisfies the ongoing REIT requirements, including meeting
certain asset, income and stock ownership tests. A REIT must
generally distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to
its stockholders, of which 85% generally must be distributed
within the taxable year, in order to avoid the imposition of an
excise tax. The remaining balance may be distributed up to the
end of the following taxable year, provided the REIT elects to
treat such amount as a prior year distribution and meets certain
other requirements. At December 31, 2010, management
believes that Bimini and Orchid have complied with the Code
requirements and that Bimini continues to qualify as a REIT.
Orchid recognizes and measures its unrecognized tax benefits in
accordance with FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes. Under that
guidance, Orchid assesses the likelihood, based on their
technical merit, that tax positions will be sustained upon
examination based on the facts, circumstances and
F-22
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
information available at the end of each period. All of
Orchids tax positions are categorized as highly certain.
There is no accrual for any tax, interest or penalties related
to Orchids assessment. The measurement of unrecognized tax
benefits is adjusted when new information is available, or when
an event occurs that requires a change.
Recent Accounting
Pronouncements
In March 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update
(ASU)
No. 2010-11,
Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) Scope Exception
Related to Embedded Credit Derivatives, to clarify the scope
exception under
ASC 815-15,
Derivatives and Hedging Embedded Derivatives, for
embedded credit derivative features to explain how to determine
which features are considered to be embedded derivatives that
should not be analyzed for potential bifurcation. The ASU also
clarifies that the embedded credit derivative feature related to
the transfer of credit risk only in the form of subordination is
not subject to the application of
ASC 815-15
and articulates certain additional circumstances that do not
qualify for the exception. The ASU also discusses the use of the
fair value option for investments in a beneficial interest in a
securitized financial asset. The ASU was effective at the
beginning of the first fiscal quarter beginning after
June 15, 2010, with early adoption permitted. The
implementation of this new accounting guidance did not have a
material impact on the Companys financial statements.
In February 2010, the FASB issued ASU
No. 2010-09,
Amendments to Certain Recognition and Disclosure Requirements,
which amends ASC 855, Subsequent Events, to address certain
implementation issues related to an entitys requirement to
perform and disclose subsequent-events procedures. ASU
2010-09
requires SEC filers to evaluate subsequent events through the
date the financial statements are issued and exempts SEC filers
from disclosing the date through which subsequent events have
been evaluated. The ASU was effective immediately upon issuance.
The implementation of this new accounting guidance did not have
a material impact on the Companys financial statements.
In January 2010, the FASB issued ASU
No. 2010-06,
Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements, which
requires additional disclosures related to the transfers in and
out of the fair value hierarchy and the activity of Level 3
financial instruments. This ASU also provides clarification for
the classification of financial instruments and the discussion
of inputs and valuation techniques. The new disclosures and
clarification are effective for interim and annual reporting
periods after December 15, 2009, except for the disclosures
related to the activity of Level 3 financial instruments.
Those disclosures are effective for periods beginning after
December 15, 2010 and for interim periods within those
years. The Company has implemented all of the required
disclosures of ASU
No. 2010-06;
and that implementation did not have a material impact on the
financial statements.
|
|
NOTE 2.
|
MORTGAGE-BACKED
SECURITIES
|
The following table presents the Companys MBS portfolio as
of December 31, 2010:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
Pass-Through Certificates, at fair value:
|
|
|
|
|
Adjustable-rate Mortgages
|
|
$
|
7,732
|
|
Fixed-rate Mortgages
|
|
|
16,689
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Pass-Through Certificates
|
|
|
24,421
|
|
Structured MBS Certificates, at fair value:
|
|
|
|
|
Structured MBS
|
|
|
1,422
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Totals
|
|
$
|
25,843
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-23
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Companys entire MBS portfolio has contractual
maturities greater than 10 years as of December 31,
2010. Actual maturities of MBS investments are generally shorter
than stated contractual maturities and are affected by the
contractual lives of the underlying mortgages, periodic payments
of principal and prepayments of principal.
|
|
NOTE 3.
|
REPURCHASE
AGREEMENTS
|
As of December 31, 2010, Orchid had outstanding repurchase
obligations of approximately $22.7 million with a net
weighted average borrowing rate of 0.32%. These agreements were
collateralized by MBS with a fair value, including accrued
interest, of approximately $24.5 million. As of
December 31, 2010, Orchids repurchase agreements had
remaining maturities as summarized below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overnight
|
|
|
Between 2 and
|
|
|
Between 31 and
|
|
|
Greater than
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 Day or Less)
|
|
|
30 Days
|
|
|
90 Days
|
|
|
90 Days
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
Agency MBS:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair market value of securities sold, including accrued interest
receivable
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
8,990
|
|
|
$
|
15,506
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
24,496
|
|
Repurchase agreement liabilities associated with these securities
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
8,020
|
|
|
$
|
14,713
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
22,733
|
|
Net weighted average borrowing rate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.27
|
%
|
|
|
0.35
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.32
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Summary information regarding the Companys amounts at risk
with individual counterparties greater than 10% of the
Companys equity at December 31, 2010 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maturity of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase
|
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Agreements
|
|
Repurchase Agreement Counterparties
|
|
at
Risk(1)
|
|
|
in Days
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
MF Global, Inc.
|
|
$
|
1,760
|
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Equal to the fair value of
securities sold, plus accrued interest income, minus the sum of
repurchase agreement liabilities and accrued interest expense.
|
The total number of shares of capital stock which the Company
has the authority to issue is 1,000,000 shares of
$0.01 par value common stock. Subsequent to its
organization and through December 31, 2010, the Company
received aggregate net proceeds of $4,405,000 from Bimini for
the subscription to purchase 44,050 shares of the
Companys common stock. Orchid had 44,050 shares of
common stock subscribed for issuance as of December 31,
2010.
|
|
NOTE 5.
|
EARNINGS PER
SHARE
|
The table below reconciles the numerator and denominator of the
EPS for the period ended December 31, 2010.
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(30,154
|
)
|
Common shares subscribed
|
|
|
44,050
|
|
Loss per common share subscribed
|
|
$
|
(0.68
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-24
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Authoritative accounting literature establishes a framework for
using fair value to measure assets and liabilities and defines
fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset
or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) as opposed to
the price that would be paid to acquire the asset or received to
assume the liability (an entry price). A fair value measure
should reflect the assumptions that market participants would
use in pricing the asset or liability, including the assumptions
about the risk inherent in a particular valuation technique, the
effect of a restriction on the sale or use of an asset and the
risk of nonperformance. Required disclosures include
stratification of balance sheet amounts measured at fair value
based on inputs the Company uses to derive fair value
measurements. These strata include:
|
|
|
|
|
Level 1 valuations, where the valuation is based on quoted
market prices for identical assets or liabilities traded in
active markets (which include exchanges and
over-the-counter
markets with sufficient volume),
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Level 2 valuations, where the valuation is based on quoted
market prices for similar instruments traded in active markets,
quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets
that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for
which all significant assumptions are observable in the
market, and
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|
Level 3 valuations, where the valuation is generated from
model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not
observable in the market, but observable based on
Company-specific data. These unobservable assumptions reflect
the Companys own estimates for assumptions that market
participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
Valuation techniques typically include option pricing models,
discounted cash flow models and similar techniques, but may also
include the use of market prices of assets or liabilities that
are not directly comparable to the subject asset or liability.
|
MBS were recorded at fair value on a recurring basis during the
period ended December 31, 2010. When determining fair value
measurements, the Company considers the principal or most
advantageous market in which it would transact and considers
assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the
asset. When possible, the Company looks to active and observable
markets to price identical assets. When identical assets are not
traded in active markets, the Company looks to market observable
data for similar assets. The following table presents financial
assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring
basis as of December 31, 2010:
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2010, Using
|
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|
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Quoted Prices
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in Active
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Significant
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Markets for
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Other
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Significant
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Identical
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Observable
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Unobservable
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Fair Value
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Assets
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Inputs
|
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|
Inputs
|
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Measurements
|
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(Level 1)
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(Level 2)
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(Level 3)
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(In thousands)
|
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MBS
|
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$
|
25,843
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$
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$
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25,843
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$
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NOTE 7.
|
RELATED PARTY
TRANSACTIONS
|
Management
Agreement
Orchid has entered into a management agreement with Bimini,
which provides for an initial term through December 31,
2011 with automatic one-year extension options and subject to
certain termination rights. The Company pays Bimini a monthly
management fee equal to 1.50% per annum of the gross
Stockholders Equity (as defined in the management
agreement) of Orchid.
F-25
ORCHID ISLAND
CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Orchid is obligated to reimburse Bimini for its costs incurred
under the management agreement. In addition, Orchid is required
to pay Bimini a monthly fee of $7,200, which represents an
allocation of overhead expenses for items that include, but are
not limited to, occupancy costs, insurance and administrative
expenses. These expenses are allocated based on the ratio of
Orchids assets and Biminis consolidated assets.
Total expenses recorded during the period ended
December 31, 2010 for the management fee and costs incurred
was $20,088. This entire amount was due to Bimini as of
December 31, 2010 and is included in Due to Bimini Capital
Management, Inc. in the accompanying balance sheet.
|
|
NOTE 8.
|
COMMITMENTS AND
CONTINGENCIES
|
From time to time, the Company may become involved in various
claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of
business. Management is not aware of any reported or unreported
contingencies at December 31, 2010.
|
|
NOTE 9.
|
SUBSEQUENT
EVENTS
|
Subsequent events were evaluated through May 3, 2011, the
date which the financial statements were available to be issued,
and Orchid has determined that no events occurred subsequent to
December 31, 2010 that require disclosure other than as
described below.
During March 2011, Bimini paid an aggregate of $3,095,000 in
cash to the Company for the subscription to purchase an
aggregate of 30,950 additional shares of common stock of the
Company. On April 29, 2011, 75,000 shares of the
Companys common stock were issued to Bimini.
On April 28, 2011, the Companys Board of Directors
authorized: (i) the offer and sale in an underwritten
public offering by the Company of shares of the Companys
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, and
(ii) a private placement by the Company of the
Companys Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per
share, with Bimini as purchaser, in each case having the terms,
rights, and privileges, and subject to conditions, set forth in
a Registration Statement on Form S-11.
F-26
Until ,
2011 (25 days after the commencement of this offering), all
dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or
not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a
prospectus. This delivery is in addition to the dealers
obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter
and with respect to its unsold allotments or subscriptions.
Shares
Common Stock
Prospectus
,
2011
Barclays Capital
JMP Securities
Cantor Fitzgerald &
Co.
Oppenheimer & Co.
Lazard Capital Markets
Sterne Agee
PART II
INFORMATION NOT
REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
|
|
Item 31.
|
Other Expenses
of Issuance and Distribution.
|
The following table itemizes the expenses incurred by us in
connection with the issuance and registration of the securities
being registered hereunder. All amounts shown are estimates
except the Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee.
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|
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|
|
Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee
|
|
$
|
13,352
|
|
FINRA filing fee
|
|
$
|
12,000
|
|
NYSE fees
|
|
|
*
|
|
Printing and engraving fees
|
|
|
*
|
|
Legal fees and expenses
|
|
|
*
|
|
Accounting fees and expenses
|
|
|
*
|
|
Transfer Agent and Registrar fees
|
|
|
*
|
|
Miscellaneous expenses
|
|
|
*
|
|
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|
|
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Total
|
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$
|
*
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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*
|
|
To be furnished by amendment.
|
|
|
Item 32.
|
Sales to
Special Parties.
|
See response to Item 33.
|
|
Item 33.
|
Recent Sales
of Unregistered Securities.
|
On August 23, 2010, November 3, 2010,
November 12, 2010, November 30, 2010, December 7,
2010, December 17, 2010, December 31, 2010,
March 28, 2011, March 31, 2011, Bimini Capital
Management, Inc. made aggregate capital contributions of
$7,500,000. These capital contributions were made as
consideration to purchase 75,000 shares of our common stock
at a price of $100 per share, which were issued on
April 29, 2011 in reliance on the exemption from
registration under the Securities Act or 1933, as amended, or
the Securities Act, afforded by Section 4(2) of the
Securities Act.
Bimini has agreed to contribute an additional $7.5 million
in cash to us prior to the completion of this offering pursuant
to a subscription agreement to purchase additional shares of our
common stock.
Concurrently with this offering, we will sell to Bimini Capital
Management, Inc. warrants to purchase an aggregate of
4,500,000 shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase
price of $2,475,000. Such issuance will be exempt from
registration under the Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(2)
of the Securities Act.
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|
Item 34.
|
Indemnification
of Directors and Officers.
|
The Maryland General Corporation Law (MGCL) permits
a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision
limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the
corporation and its stockholders for money damages, except for
liability resulting from (1) actual receipt of an improper
benefit or profit in money, property or services or
(2) active and deliberate dishonesty that is established by
a final judgment and is material to the cause of action. Our
charter contains a provision that eliminates such liability to
the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.
The MGCL requires a corporation (unless its charter provides
otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director
or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise,
in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or
threatened to be made, a party by reason of
II-1
his or her service in that capacity. The MGCL permits a
corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and
officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines,
settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in
connection with any proceeding to which they may be made, or
threatened to be made, a party by reason of their service in
those or other capacities unless it is established that:
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the act or omission of the director or officer was material to
the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (1) was
committed in bad faith or (2) was the result of active and
deliberate dishonesty;
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the director or officer actually received an improper personal
benefit in money, property or services; or
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in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer
had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was
unlawful.
|
However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not
indemnify a director or officer for an adverse judgment in a
suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of
liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly
received by such director or officer, unless in either case a
court orders indemnification, and then only for expenses. In
addition, the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to advance
reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon its receipt of:
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a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her
good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct
necessary for indemnification by the corporation; and
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a written undertaking by the director or officer or on the
directors or officers behalf to repay the amount
paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately
determined that the director or officer did not meet the
standard of conduct.
|
Our charter will authorize us and our bylaws will obligate us,
to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from
time to time, to indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary
determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification,
pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final
disposition of such a proceeding to:
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any present or former director or officer of the Company who is
made, or threatened to be made, a party to the proceeding by
reason of his or her service in that capacity; and
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any individual who, while a director or officer of the Company
and at our request, serves or has served as a director, officer,
partner, trustee, member or manager of another corporation, real
estate investment trust, limited liability company, partnership,
joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise
and who is made, or threatened to be made, a party to the
proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity.
|
Our charter and bylaws will also permit us, with the approval of
our Board of Directors, to indemnify and advance expenses to any
individual who served our predecessor in any of the capacities
described above and to any employee or agent of the Company or
our predecessor.
Upon completion of this offering, we intend to enter into
indemnification agreements with each of our directors and
executive officers that will provide for indemnification and
advance of expenses to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland
law.
Insofar as the foregoing provisions permit indemnification of
directors, officers or persons controlling us for liability
arising under the Securities Act, we have been informed that in
the opinion of the SEC, this indemnification is against public
policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore
unenforceable.
II-2
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|
Item 35.
|
Treatment of
Proceeds from Stock Being Registered.
|
None of the proceeds of this offering will be credited to an
account other than the appropriate capital share account.
|
|
Item 36.
|
Financial
Statements and Exhibits.
|
(A) Financial Statements. See
page F-1
for an index to the financial statements included in the
registration statement.
(B) Exhibits. The following is a complete list of exhibits
filed as part of the registration statement, which are
incorporated herein:
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit No.
|
|
Description
|
|
|
1
|
.1
|
|
Form of Underwriting Agreement by and among Orchid Island
Capital, Inc. and the underwriters named therein*
|
|
3
|
.1
|
|
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Orchid Island Capital,
Inc.
|
|
3
|
.2
|
|
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
|
|
4
|
.1
|
|
Specimen Certificate of common stock of Orchid Island Capital,
Inc.
|
|
5
|
.1
|
|
Opinion of Venable LLP as to the legality of the securities
being registered
|
|
8
|
.1
|
|
Opinion of Hunton & Williams LLP as to certain U.S.
federal income tax matters
|
|
10
|
.1
|
|
Form of Management Agreement
|
|
10
|
.2
|
|
Form of Warrant Purchase Agreement
|
|
10
|
.3
|
|
Form of Registration Rights Agreement
|
|
10
|
.4
|
|
Form of Investment Allocation Agreement
|
|
10
|
.5
|
|
2011 Equity Incentive Plan (supercedes Exhibit 10.5
previously filed as an exhibit to Amendment No. 1 to the
Registration Statement)*
|
|
10
|
.6
|
|
Form of Indemnification Agreement
|
|
10
|
.7
|
|
Form of Master Repurchase Agreement**
|
|
10
|
.8
|
|
Form of Warrant Agreement
|
|
10
|
.9
|
|
2011 Equity Incentive Plan*
|
|
23
|
.1
|
|
Consent of BDO USA, LLP
|
|
23
|
.2
|
|
Consent of Venable LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
|
|
23
|
.3
|
|
Consent of Hunton & Williams LLP (included in
Exhibit 8.1)
|
|
24
|
.1
|
|
Power of Attorney**
|
|
99
|
.1
|
|
Consent of W Coleman Bitting to being named as a director
nominee**
|
|
99
|
.2
|
|
Consent of John B. Van Heuvelen to being named as a director
nominee**
|
|
99
|
.3
|
|
Consent of Ava L. Parker to being named as a director
nominee
|
|
99
|
.4
|
|
Consent of Frank P. Filipps to being named as a director
nominee
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
To be filed by amendment.
|
|
**
|
|
Previously filed.
|
|
|
|
Compensatory plan or arrangement.
|
(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide
to the underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting
agreement certificates in such denominations and registered in
such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt
delivery to each purchaser.
(b) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted
to directors, officers or controlling persons of the registrant
pursuant to
II-3
the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been
advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange
Commission such indemnification is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and is,
therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for
indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment
by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director,
officer or controlling person of the registrant in the
successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is
asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in
connection with the securities being registered, the registrant
will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been
settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of
appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and will be governed by
the final adjudication of such issue.
(c) The undersigned Registrant hereby further undertakes
that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the information omitted from
the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration
statement in reliance under Rule 430A and contained in a
form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to
Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, shall be deemed to be part of this
registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, each post-effective
amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to
be a new registration statement relating to the securities
offered herein, and the offering of such securities at that time
shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
II-4
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds
to believe that the registrant meets all of the requirements for
filing on
Form S-11
and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the
City of Vero Beach, in the State of Florida, on this
11th day of July, 2011.
ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
Name: Robert E. Cauley
|
|
|
|
Title:
|
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director
|
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, this Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement
has been signed by the following persons in the capacities
indicated on the 11th day of July, 2011.
|
|
|
|
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Name
|
|
Title
|
|
Date
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ ROBERT
E. CAULEY
Robert
E. Cauley
|
|
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal
Executive Officer)
|
|
July 11, 2011
|
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|
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/s/ G.
HUNTER HAAS IV
G.
Hunter Haas IV
|
|
Chief Financial Officer and Director (Principal Financial
Officer)
|
|
July 11, 2011
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ JERRY
SINTES
Jerry
Sintes
|
|
Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)
|
|
July 11, 2011
|
II-5
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit No.
|
|
Description
|
|
|
1
|
.1
|
|
Form of Underwriting Agreement by and among Orchid Island
Capital, Inc. and the underwriters named therein*
|
|
3
|
.1
|
|
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Orchid Island Capital,
Inc.
|
|
3
|
.2
|
|
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
|
|
4
|
.1
|
|
Specimen Certificate of common stock of Orchid Island Capital,
Inc.
|
|
5
|
.1
|
|
Opinion of Venable LLP as to the legality of the securities
being registered
|
|
8
|
.1
|
|
Opinion of Hunton & Williams LLP as to certain U.S.
federal income tax matters
|
|
10
|
.1
|
|
Form of Management Agreement
|
|
10
|
.2
|
|
Form of Warrant Purchase Agreement
|
|
10
|
.3
|
|
Form of Registration Rights Agreement
|
|
10
|
.4
|
|
Form of Investment Allocation Agreement
|
|
10
|
.5
|
|
2011 Equity Incentive Plan (supercedes Exhibit 10.5
previously filed as an exhibit to Amendment No. 1 to the
Registration Statement)*
|
|
10
|
.6
|
|
Form of Indemnification Agreement
|
|
10
|
.7
|
|
Form of Master Repurchase Agreement**
|
|
10
|
.8
|
|
Form of Warrant Agreement
|
|
10
|
.9
|
|
2011 Equity Incentive Plan*
|
|
23
|
.1
|
|
Consent of BDO USA, LLP
|
|
23
|
.2
|
|
Consent of Venable LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
|
|
23
|
.3
|
|
Consent of Hunton & Williams LLP (included in
Exhibit 8.1)
|
|
24
|
.1
|
|
Power of Attorney**
|
|
99
|
.1
|
|
Consent of W Coleman Bitting to being named as a director
nominee**
|
|
99
|
.2
|
|
Consent of John B. Van Heuvelen to being named as a director
nominee**
|
|
99
|
.3
|
|
Consent of Ava L. Parker to being named as a director nominee
|
|
99
|
.4
|
|
Consent of Frank P. Filipps to being named as a director nominee
|
|
|
|
* |
|
To be filed by amendment. |
|
** |
|
Previously filed. |
|
|
|
Compensatory plan or arrangement. |
II-6
exv3w1
Exhibit 3.1
ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC.
ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT
FIRST: Orchid Island Capital, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the Corporation),
desires to amend and restate its charter (the Charter) as currently in effect and as hereinafter
amended.
SECOND: The following provisions are all the provisions of the Charter currently in
effect and as hereinafter amended.
ARTICLE I
INCORPORATION
The undersigned, Robert E. Cauley, whose address is c/o Orchid Island Capital, Inc., 3305
Flamingo Drive, Vero Beach, Florida 32963, being at least eighteen (18) years of age, formed a
corporation under the general laws of the State of Maryland on August 17, 2010.
ARTICLE II
NAME
The name of the corporation (which is hereinafter called the Corporation) is:
Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
ARTICLE III
PURPOSE
The purposes for which the Corporation is formed are to engage in any lawful act or activity
(including, without limitation or obligation, engaging in business as a real estate investment
trust under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or any successor statute (the Code))
for which corporations may be organized under the general laws of the State of Maryland as now or
hereafter in force. For purposes of the Charter, the term REIT shall have the meaning set forth
in Article VII.
ARTICLE IV
PRINCIPAL OFFICE IN MARYLAND AND RESIDENT AGENT
The address of the principal office of the Corporation in the State of Maryland is c/o CSC-
Lawyers Incorporation Service Company, 7 St. Paul Street, Suite 1660, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.
The name and address of the resident agent of the Corporation are CSC- Lawyers Incorporation
Service Company, 7 St. Paul Street, Suite 1660, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. The resident agent is a
Maryland corporation.
ARTICLE V
PROVISIONS FOR DEFINING, LIMITING AND REGULATING CERTAIN POWERS OF THE CORPORATION AND OF THE
STOCKHOLDERS AND DIRECTORS
Section 5.1 Number of Directors. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be
managed under the direction of the board of directors of the Corporation (the Board of
Directors). The number of directors of the Corporation shall be five (5), which number may be
increased or decreased only by the Board of Directors pursuant to the Bylaws of the Corporation
(the Bylaws), but shall never be less than the minimum number required by the Maryland General
Corporation Law, or any successor statute (the MGCL). The names of the directors who shall serve
until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are duly elected and
qualify are:
Robert E. Cauley
G. Hunter Haas, IV
W. Coleman Bitting
John B. Van Heuvelen
[ ]
2
The directors may alter the number of directors and may fill any vacancy, whether resulting
from an increase in the number of directors or otherwise, on the Board of Directors in the manner
provided in the Bylaws.
The Corporation elects, at such time as it becomes eligible to make the election provided for
under Section 3-802(a)(2) of the MGCL, to become subject to the provisions of Section 3-804(c) of
the MGCL, which provides that, except as may be provided by the Board of Directors in setting the
terms of any class or series of stock, any and all vacancies on the Board of Directors may be
filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if the
remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy shall
serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred and
until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies.
Section 5.2 Extraordinary Actions. Except as specifically provided in Section
5.8 (relating to removal of directors) and in the last sentence of Article VIII,
notwithstanding any provision of law permitting or requiring any action to be taken or approved by
the affirmative vote of the holders of shares entitled to cast a greater number of votes, any such
action shall be effective and valid if declared advisable by the Board of Directors and taken or
approved by the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to cast a majority of all the votes
entitled to be cast on the matter.
Section 5.3 Authorization by Board of Stock Issuance. The Board of Directors may
authorize the issuance from time to time of shares of stock of the Corporation of any class or
series, whether now or hereafter authorized, or securities or rights convertible into shares of its
stock of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, for such consideration as the
Board of Directors may deem advisable (or without consideration in the case of a stock split or
3
stock dividend), subject to such restrictions or limitations, if any, as may be set forth in
the Charter or the Bylaws.
Section 5.4 Preemptive Rights and Appraisal Rights. Except as may be provided by the
Board of Directors in setting the terms of classified or reclassified shares of stock pursuant to
Section 6.4 or as may otherwise be provided by a contract approved by the Board of
Directors, no holder of shares of stock of the Corporation shall, as such holder, have any
preemptive right to purchase or subscribe for any additional shares of stock of the Corporation or
any other security of the Corporation which it may issue or sell. Holders of shares of stock shall
not be entitled to exercise any rights of an objecting stockholder provided for under Title 3,
Subtitle 2 of the MGCL unless the Board of Directors, upon the affirmative vote of a majority of
the Board of Directors, shall determine that such rights apply, with respect to all or any classes
or series of stock, to one or more transactions occurring after the date of such determination in
connection with which holders of such shares would otherwise be entitled to exercise such rights.
Section 5.5 Indemnification. The Corporation shall have the power, to the maximum
extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to obligate itself to indemnify, and
to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to, (a) any
individual who is a present or former director or officer of the Corporation or (b) any individual
who, while a director or officer of the Corporation and at the request of the Corporation, serves
or has served as a director, officer, partner, member, manager or trustee of another corporation,
statutory real estate investment trust, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture,
trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise from and against any claim or liability to
which such person may become subject or which such person may incur by reason of his or her service
in any of the foregoing capacities. The Corporation shall have the power, with
4
the approval of the Board of Directors, to provide such indemnification and advancement of
expenses to a person who served a predecessor of the Corporation in any of the capacities described
in (a) or (b) above and to any employee or agent of the Corporation or a predecessor of the
Corporation.
Section 5.6 Determinations by Board. The determination as to any of the following
matters, made in good faith by or pursuant to the direction of the Board of Directors consistent
with the Charter, shall be final and conclusive and shall be binding upon the Corporation and every
holder of shares of its stock: the amount of the net income of the Corporation for any period and
the amount of assets at any time legally available for the payment of dividends, redemption of its
stock or the payment of other distributions on its stock; the amount of paid-in surplus, net
assets, other surplus, annual or other net profit, cash flow, funds from operations, net assets in
excess of capital, undivided profits or excess of profits over losses on sales of assets; the
amount, purpose, time of creation, increase or decrease, alteration or cancellation of any reserves
or charges and the propriety thereof (whether or not any obligation or liability for which such
reserves or charges shall have been created shall have been paid or discharged); any interpretation
of the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers or rights, restrictions,
limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of
redemption of any class or series of stock of the Corporation; the fair value, or any sale, bid or
asked price to be applied in determining the fair value, of any asset owned or held by the
Corporation or of any shares of stock of the Corporation; the number of shares of stock of any
class or series of the Corporation; any matter relating to the acquisition, holding and disposition
of any assets by the Corporation; or any other matter relating to the business and
5
affairs of the Corporation or required or permitted by applicable law, the Charter or Bylaws
or otherwise to be determined by the Board of Directors.
Section 5.7 REIT Qualification. If the Board of Directors determines that it is no
longer in the best interests of the Corporation to continue to be qualified as a REIT, the Board of
Directors may revoke or otherwise terminate the Corporations REIT election pursuant to Section
856(g) of the Code. The Board of Directors also may determine that compliance with any restriction
or limitation on stock ownership and transfers set forth in Article VII is no longer
required for REIT qualification.
Section 5.8 Removal of Directors. Subject to the rights of holders of one or more
classes or series of Preferred Stock to elect or remove one or more directors, any director, or the
entire Board of Directors, may be removed from office at any time, but only for cause and then only
by the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to case at least two-thirds of the votes
entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. For the purpose of this paragraph,
cause shall mean, with respect to any particular director, conviction of a felony or a final
judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction holding that such director caused demonstrable,
material harm to the Corporation through bad faith or active and deliberate dishonesty.
Section 5.9 Advisor Agreements. Subject to such approval of stockholders and other
conditions, if any, as may be required by any applicable statute, rule or regulation, the Board of
Directors may authorize the execution and performance by the Corporation of one or more agreements
with any person, corporation, association, company, trust, partnership (limited or general) or
other organization whereby, subject to the supervision and control of the Board of Directors, any
such other person, corporation, association, company, trust, partnership (limited or general) or
other organization shall render or make available to the Corporation managerial,
6
investment, advisory and/or related services, office space and other services and facilities
(including, if deemed advisable by the Board of Directors, the management or supervision of the
investments of the Corporation) upon such terms and conditions as may be provided in such agreement
or agreements (including, if deemed fair and equitable by the Board of Directors, the compensation
payable thereunder by the Corporation).
ARTICLE VI
STOCK
Section 6.1 Authorized Shares. The Corporation has authority to issue 600,000,000
shares of stock, consisting of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share
(Common Stock), and 100,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share (Preferred
Stock). The aggregate par value of all authorized shares of stock having par value is $6,000,000.
If shares of one class of stock are classified or reclassified into shares of another class of
stock pursuant to Section 6.2, 6.3 or 6.4 of this Article VI, the number of authorized shares of
the former class shall be automatically decreased and the number of shares of the latter class
shall be automatically increased, in each case by the number of shares so classified or
reclassified, so that the aggregate number of shares of stock of all classes that the Corporation
has authority to issue shall not be more than the total number of shares of stock set forth in the
first sentence of this paragraph. The Board of Directors, with the approval of a majority of the
entire Board of Directors and without any action by the stockholders of the Corporation, may amend
the Charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or
the number of shares of stock of any class or series that the Corporation has authority to issue.
Section 6.2 Common Stock. Subject to the provisions of Article VII and except as may
otherwise be specified in the Charter, each share of Common Stock shall entitle the holder
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thereof to one vote. The Board of Directors may reclassify any unissued shares of Common Stock
from time to time into one or more classes or series of stock.
Section 6.3 Preferred Stock. The Board of Directors may classify any unissued shares
of Preferred Stock and reclassify any previously classified but unissued shares of Preferred Stock
of any series from time to time, into one or more classes or series of stock.
Section 6.4 Classified or Reclassified Shares. Prior to issuance of classified or
reclassified shares of any class or series, the Board of Directors by resolution shall: (a)
designate that class or series to distinguish it from all other classes and series of stock of the
Corporation; (b) specify the number of shares to be included in the class or series; (c) set or
change, subject to the provisions of Article VII and subject to the express terms of any class or
series of stock of the Corporation outstanding at the time, the preferences, conversion or other
rights, voting powers, restrictions (including, without limitation, restrictions on
transferability), limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms and
conditions of redemption for each class or series; and (d) cause the Corporation to file articles
supplementary with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (SDAT). Any of
the terms of any class or series of stock set or changed pursuant to clause (c) of this Section 6.4
may be made dependent upon facts or events ascertainable outside the Charter (including
determinations by the Board of Directors or other facts or events within the control of the
Corporation) and may vary among holders thereof, provided that the manner in which such facts,
events or variations shall operate upon the terms of such class or series of stock is clearly and
expressly set forth in the articles supplementary or other Charter document.
Section 6.5 Charter and Bylaws. The rights of all stockholders and the terms of all
stock are subject to the provisions of the Charter and the Bylaws.
8
Section 6.6 Tax on Disqualified Organizations. To the extent that the Corporation
incurs any tax pursuant to Section 860E(e)(6) of the Code as the result of any excess inclusion
income (within the meaning of Section 860E of the Code) of the Corporation allocable to a
disqualified organization (as defined in Section 860E(e)(5) of the Code) that holds Common Stock
or Preferred Stock in record name, the Corporation shall reduce the distributions payable to any
such disqualified organization in the manner described in Treasury Regulations Section
1.860E-2(b)(4), by reducing from one or more distributions to be paid to such stockholder an amount
equal to the tax incurred by the Corporation pursuant to Section 860E(e)(6) as a result of such
stockholders stock ownership.
ARTICLE VII
RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES
Section 7.1 Definitions. For the purpose of this Article VII, the following
terms shall have the following meanings:
Beneficial Ownership. The term Beneficial Ownership shall mean ownership of Capital
Stock by a Person, whether the interest in the shares of Capital Stock is held directly or
indirectly (including by a nominee), and shall include interests that would be treated as owned
through the application of Section 544 of the Code, as modified by Section 856(h)(1)(B) and Section
856(h)(3)(A) of the Code. The terms Beneficial Owner, Beneficially Owns and Beneficially
Owned shall have the correlative meanings.
Bimini. The term Bimini shall mean Bimini Capital Management, Inc., a Maryland
corporation.
Business Day. The term Business Day shall mean any day, other than a Saturday or
Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions in New York City
are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.
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Capital Stock. The term Capital Stock shall mean all classes or series of stock of
the Corporation, including, without limitation, Common Stock and Preferred Stock.
Charitable Beneficiary. The term Charitable Beneficiary shall mean one or more
beneficiaries of the Charitable Trust as determined pursuant to Section 7.3.6.
Charitable Trust. The term Charitable Trust shall mean any trust provided for in
Section 7.3.1.
Constructive Ownership. The term Constructive Ownership shall mean ownership of
Capital Stock by a Person, whether the interest in the shares of Capital Stock is held directly or
indirectly (including by a nominee), and shall include interests that would be treated as owned
through the application of Section 318(a) of the Code, as modified by Section 856(d)(5) of the
Code. The terms Constructive Owner, Constructively Owns and Constructively Owned shall have
the correlative meanings.
ERISA. The term ERISA shall mean the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
1974, as amended.
Excepted Holder. The term Excepted Holder shall mean a Person for whom an Excepted
Holder Limit is created by the Charter or by the Board of Directors pursuant to Section
7.2.7.
Excepted Holder Limit. The term Excepted Holder Limit shall mean, provided that the
affected Excepted Holder agrees to comply with the requirements established by the Charter or by
the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 7.2.7 and subject to adjustment pursuant to
Section 7.2.8, the percentage limit established for an Excepted Holder by the Charter or by
the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 7.2.7. An Excepted Holder Limit is hereby
established permitting Bimini to Beneficially Own or Constructively
Own up to 44% in value or
number of shares,
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whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, provided that such
Excepted Holder Limit shall apply only so long as Bimini qualifies as a REIT for federal income tax
purposes.
Initial Date. The term Initial Date shall mean the date of issuance of Common Stock
pursuant to the initial underwritten public offering of Common Stock or such other date as
determined by the Board of Directors in its sole and absolute discretion.
Market Price. The term Market Price on any date shall mean, with respect to any
class or series of outstanding shares of Capital Stock, the Closing Price for such Capital Stock on
such date. The Closing Price on any date shall mean the last reported sale price for such
Capital Stock, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the
closing bid and asked prices, regular way, for such Capital Stock, in either case as reported in
the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed or
admitted to trading on the NYSE or, if such Capital Stock is not listed or admitted to trading on
the NYSE, as reported on the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to
securities listed on the principal national securities exchange on which such Capital Stock is
listed or admitted to trading or, if such Capital Stock is not listed or admitted to trading on any
national securities exchange, the last quoted price, or, if not so quoted, the average of the high
bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by the principal automated
quotation system that may then be in use or, if such Capital Stock is not quoted by any such
system, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker
making a market in such Capital Stock selected by the Board of Directors or, in the event that no
trading price is available for such Capital Stock, the fair market value of the Capital Stock, as
determined in good faith by the Board of Directors.
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NYSE. The term NYSE shall mean the New York Stock Exchange.
Person. The term Person shall mean an individual, corporation, partnership, limited
liability company, estate, trust (including a trust qualified under Sections 401(a) or 501(c)(17)
of the Code), a portion of a trust permanently set aside for or to be used exclusively for the
purposes described in Section 642(c) of the Code, association, private foundation within the
meaning of Section 509(a) of the Code, joint stock company or other entity and also includes a
group as that term is used for purposes of Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended, and a group to which an Excepted Holder Limit applies.
Prohibited Owner. The term Prohibited Owner shall mean, with respect to any
purported Transfer or other event, any Person who, but for the provisions of Section 7.2.1,
would Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock in violation of the provisions
of Section 7.2.1(a), and if appropriate in the context, shall also mean any Person who
would have been the record owner of the shares of Capital Stock that the Prohibited Owner would
have so owned.
REIT. The term REIT shall mean a real estate investment trust under Sections 856
through 860 of the Code.
Restriction Termination Date. The term Restriction Termination Date shall mean the
first day after the Initial Date on which the Board of Directors determines pursuant to Section
5.7 of the Charter that it is no longer in the best interests of the Corporation to attempt to,
or continue to, qualify as a REIT or that compliance with the restrictions and limitations on
Beneficial Ownership, Constructive Ownership and Transfers of shares of Capital Stock set forth
herein is no longer required in order for the Corporation to qualify as a REIT.
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Stock Ownership Limit. The term Stock Ownership Limit shall mean nine and
eight-tenths percent (9.8%) in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the
outstanding shares of any class or series of Capital Stock of the Corporation or such other
percentage determined by the Board of Directors in accordance with Section 7.2.8 of the
Charter, excluding any outstanding shares of Capital Stock not treated as outstanding for federal
income tax purposes.
Transfer. The term Transfer shall mean any issuance, sale, transfer, gift,
assignment, devise or other disposition, as well as any other event that causes any Person to
acquire or change such Persons percentage of Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership, or
any agreement to take any such actions or cause any such events, of Capital Stock or the right to
vote or receive dividends on Capital Stock, including (a) the granting or exercise of any option
(or any disposition of any option), (b) any disposition of any securities or rights convertible
into or exchangeable for Capital Stock or any interest in Capital Stock or any exercise of any such
conversion or exchange right and (c) Transfers of interests in other entities that result in
changes in Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of Capital Stock; in each case, whether
voluntary or involuntary, whether owned of record, Constructively Owned or Beneficially Owned and
whether by operation of law or otherwise. The terms Transferring and Transferred shall have
the correlative meanings.
Trustee. The term Trustee shall mean the Person unaffiliated with the Corporation
and a Prohibited Owner, that is appointed by the Corporation to serve as trustee of the Charitable
Trust.
Section 7.2 Capital Stock.
Section 7.2.1 Ownership Limitations.
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(a) Basic Restrictions.
(i) (1) During the period commencing on the Initial Date and prior to the Restriction
Termination Date, but subject to Section 7.4 and except as provided in Section
7.2.7 hereof, no Person, other than an Excepted Holder, shall Beneficially Own or
Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock in excess of the Stock Ownership Limit and (2) no
Excepted Holder shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock in excess of
the Excepted Holder Limit for such Excepted Holder.
(ii) During the period commencing on the Initial Date and prior to the Restriction Termination
Date, but subject to Section 7.4 and except as provided in Section 7.2.7 hereof, no
Person shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock to the extent that such
Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of Capital Stock would result in the Corporation
being closely held within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether
the ownership interest is held during the last half of a taxable year) or would otherwise cause the
Company to fail to qualify as a REIT.
(iii) During the period commencing on the Initial Date and prior to the Restriction
Termination Date, but subject to Section 7.4 and except as provided in Section
7.2.7 hereof, any Transfer of shares of Capital Stock that, if effective, would result in the
Capital Stock being Beneficially Owned by less than one hundred (100) Persons (determined under the
principles of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code) shall be void ab initio, and the
intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such Capital Stock.
(b) Transfer in Trust/Transfer Void Ab Initio. If any Transfer of shares of Capital
Stock (or other event) occurs which, if effective, would result in any Person Beneficially
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Owning or Constructively Owning shares of Capital Stock in violation of Section
7.2.1(a)(i) or (ii):
(i) then that number of shares of Capital Stock the Beneficial Ownership or Constructive
Ownership of which otherwise would cause such Person to violate Section 7.2.1(a)(i) or
(ii) (rounded up to the nearest whole share) shall be automatically transferred to a
Charitable Trust for the benefit of a Charitable Beneficiary, as described in Section 7.3,
effective as of the close of business on the Business Day prior to the date of such Transfer, and
such Person shall acquire no rights in such shares of Capital Stock; or
(ii) if the transfer to the Charitable Trust described in clause (i) of this Section
7.2.1(b) would not be effective for any reason to prevent the violation of Section
7.2.1(a)(i) or (ii), then the Transfer of that number of shares of Capital Stock that
otherwise would cause any Person to violate Section 7.2.1(a)(i) or (ii) shall be
void ab initio, and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such shares
of Capital Stock.
Section 7.2.2 Remedies for Breach. If the Board of Directors or any duly authorized
committee thereof or other duly authorized designee shall at any time determine in good faith that
a Transfer or other event has taken place that results in a violation of Section 7.2.1 or
that a Person intends to acquire or has attempted to acquire Beneficial Ownership or Constructive
Ownership of any shares of Capital Stock in violation of Section 7.2.1 (whether or not such
violation is intended), the Board of Directors or a committee thereof or other duly authorized
designee shall take such action as it deems advisable to refuse to give effect to or to prevent
such Transfer or other event, including, without limitation, causing the Corporation to redeem
shares of Capital Stock, refusing to give effect to such Transfer on the books of the Corporation
or instituting proceedings to enjoin such Transfer or other event; provided,
however,
15
that any Transfer or attempted Transfer or other event in violation of Section 7.2.1
shall automatically result in the transfer to the Charitable Trust described above, or, where
applicable, such Transfer (or other event) shall be void ab initio as provided
above irrespective of any action (or non-action) by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof
or other duly authorized designee.
Section 7.2.3 Notice of Restricted Transfer. Any Person who acquires or attempts or
intends to acquire Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of shares of Capital Stock that
will or may violate Section 7.2.1(a) or any Person who would have owned shares of Capital
Stock that resulted in a transfer to the Charitable Trust pursuant to the provisions of Section
7.2.1(b) shall immediately give written notice to the Corporation of such event, or in the case
of such a proposed or attempted transaction, give at least fifteen (15) days prior written notice,
and shall provide to the Corporation such other information as the Corporation may request in order
to determine the effect, if any, of such Transfer on the Corporations status as a REIT.
Section 7.2.4 Owners Required To Provide Information. From the Initial Date and prior
to the Restriction Termination Date:
(a) Every owner of five percent (5%) or more (or such lower percentage as required by the Code
or the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder) of the outstanding shares of Capital Stock,
within thirty (30) days after the end of each taxable year, shall give written notice to the
Corporation stating (i) the name and address of such owner, (ii) the number of shares of each class
and series of Capital Stock Beneficially Owned and (iii) a description of the manner in which such
shares are held. Each such owner shall provide to the Corporation such additional information as
the Corporation may request in order to determine the effect, if
16
any, of such Beneficial Ownership on the Corporations status as a REIT and to ensure
compliance with the Stock Ownership Limit; and
(b) Each Person who is a Beneficial Owner or Constructive Owner of Capital Stock and each
Person (including the stockholder of record) who is holding Capital Stock for a Beneficial Owner or
Constructive Owner shall provide to the Corporation such information as the Corporation may
request, in good faith, in order to determine the Corporations status as a REIT and to comply with
requirements of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine such compliance and
to ensure compliance with the Stock Ownership Limit.
Section 7.2.5 Remedies Not Limited. Nothing contained in this Section 7.2
shall limit the authority of the Board of Directors to take such other action as it deems necessary
or advisable to, subject to Section 5.7 of the Charter, protect the Corporation and the
interests of its stockholders in preserving the Corporations status as a REIT.
Section 7.2.6 Ambiguity. In the case of an ambiguity in the application of any of the
provisions of this Article VII, including any definition contained in Section 7.1
of this Article VII, the Board of Directors shall have the power to determine the
application of the provisions of this Article VII with respect to any situation based on
the facts known to it. In the event Section 7.2 or 7.3 hereof requires an action
by the Board of Directors and the Charter fails to provide specific guidance with respect to such
action, the Board of Directors shall have the power to determine the action to be taken so long as
such action is not contrary to the provisions of Section 7.1, 7.2 or 7.3
hereof. Absent a decision to the contrary by the Board of Directors (which the Board of Directors
may make in its sole and absolute discretion), if a Person would have (but for the remedies set
forth in Section 7.2.2 hereof) acquired Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of
Capital Stock in violation of Section 7.2.1 hereof, such remedies (as
17
applicable) shall apply first to the shares of Capital Stock which, but for such remedies,
would have been actually owned by such Person, and second to the shares of Capital Stock which, but
for such remedies, would have been Beneficially Owned or Constructively Owned (but not actually
owned) by such Person, pro rata among the Persons who actually own such shares of Capital Stock
based upon the relative number of the shares of Capital Stock held by each such Person.
Section 7.2.7 Exceptions.
(a) The Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, may exempt (prospectively or
retroactively) a Person from the restrictions contained in Section 7.2.1(a)(i),
(ii) or (iii), as the case may be, and may establish or increase an Excepted Holder
Limit for such Person if the Board of Directors obtains such representations, covenants and
undertakings as the Board of Directors may deem appropriate in order to conclude that granting the
exemption and/or establishing or increasing the Excepted Holder Limit, as the case may be, will not
cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT.
(b) Prior to granting any exception pursuant to Section 7.2.7(a), the Board of
Directors may require a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, or an opinion of counsel, in
either case in form and substance satisfactory to the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, as
it may deem necessary or advisable in order to determine that granting the exemption will not cause
the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT. Notwithstanding the receipt of any ruling or
opinion, the Board of Directors may impose such conditions or restrictions as it deems appropriate
in connection with granting such exception.
(c) Subject to Section 7.2.1(a)(ii), an underwriter, placement agent or initial
purchaser that participates in a public offering, a private placement or other private offering of
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Capital Stock (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Capital Stock) may
Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock (or securities convertible into or
exchangeable for Capital Stock) in excess of the Stock Ownership Limit, but only to the extent
necessary to facilitate such public offering, private placement or immediate resale of such Capital
Stock and provided that the restrictions contained in Section 7.2.1(a) will not be violated
following the distribution by such underwriter, placement agent or initial purchaser of such shares
of Capital Stock.
Section 7.2.8 Change in Stock Ownership Limit and Excepted Holder Limit.
(a) The Board of Directors may from time to time increase or decrease the Stock Ownership
Limit; provided, however, that a decreased Stock Ownership Limit will not be
effective for any Person whose percentage ownership of Capital Stock is in excess of such decreased
Stock Ownership Limit until such time as such Persons percentage of Capital Stock equals or falls
below the decreased Stock Ownership Limit, but until such time as such Persons percentage of
Capital Stock falls below such decreased Stock Ownership Limit, any further acquisition of Capital
Stock will be in violation of the Stock Ownership Limit and, provided further, that the new Stock
Ownership Limit would not allow five or fewer individuals (as defined in Section 542(a)(2) of the
Code) (taking into account all Excepted Holders) to Beneficially Own more than 49.9% in value of
the outstanding Capital Stock.
(b) Prior to increasing or decreasing the Stock Ownership Limit pursuant to Section 7.2.8(a),
the Board of Directors, in its sole and absolute discretion, may require such opinions of counsel,
affidavits, undertakings or agreements, in any case in form and substance satisfactory to the Board
of Directors in its sole discretion, as it may deem necessary or advisable
19
in order to determine that increasing or decreasing the Stock Ownership Limit pursuant to
Section 7.2.8(a) will not cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT.
(c) The Board of Directors may only reduce the Excepted Holder Limit for an Excepted Holder:
(1) with the written consent of such Excepted Holder at any time, or (2) pursuant to the terms and
conditions of the agreements and undertakings entered into with such Excepted Holder in connection
with the establishment of the Excepted Holder Limit for that Excepted Holder. No Excepted Holder
Limit shall be reduced to a percentage that is less than the then current Stock Ownership Limit.
Section 7.2.9 Legend. If shares of Capital Stock are certificated, each certificate
for shares of Capital Stock shall bear a legend summarizing the restrictions on ownership and
transfer contained herein. Instead of a legend, the certificate, if any, may state that the
Corporation will furnish a full statement about certain restrictions on transferability to a
stockholder on request and without charge.
Section 7.3 Transfer of Capital Stock in Trust.
Section 7.3.1 Ownership in Trust. Upon any purported Transfer or other event
described in Section 7.2.1(b) that would result in a transfer of shares of Capital Stock to
a Charitable Trust, such shares of Capital Stock shall be deemed to have been transferred to the
Trustee as trustee for the exclusive benefit of one or more Charitable Beneficiaries. Such
transfer to the Trustee shall be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the Business
Day prior to the purported Transfer or other event that results in the transfer to the Charitable
Trust pursuant to Section 7.2.1(b). The Trustee shall be appointed by the Corporation and
shall be a Person unaffiliated with the Corporation and any Prohibited Owner. Each Charitable
Beneficiary shall be designated by the Corporation as provided in Section 7.3.6.
20
Section 7.3.2 Status of Shares Held by the Trustee. Shares of Capital Stock held by
the Trustee shall continue to be issued and outstanding shares of Capital Stock of the Corporation.
The Prohibited Owner shall have no rights in the Capital Stock held by the Trustee. The
Prohibited Owner shall not benefit economically from ownership of any shares held in trust by the
Trustee, shall have no rights to dividends or other distributions and shall not possess any rights
to vote or other rights attributable to the shares held in the Charitable Trust. The Prohibited
Owner shall have no claim, cause of action, or any other recourse whatsoever against the purported
transferor of such Capital Stock.
Section 7.3.3 Dividend and Voting Rights. The Trustee shall have all voting rights
and rights to dividends or other distributions with respect to shares of Capital Stock held in the
Charitable Trust, which rights shall be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the Charitable
Beneficiary. Any dividend or other distribution paid to a Prohibited Owner prior to the discovery
by the Corporation that the shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Trustee shall be
paid with respect to such shares of Capital Stock by the Prohibited Owner to the Trustee upon
demand and any dividend or other distribution authorized but unpaid shall be paid when due to the
Trustee. Any dividends or other distributions so paid over to the Trustee shall be held in trust
for the Charitable Beneficiary. The Prohibited Owner shall have no voting rights with respect to
shares held in the Charitable Trust and, subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that the
shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Charitable Trust, the Trustee shall have the
authority (at the Trustees sole discretion) (i) to rescind as void any vote cast by a Prohibited
Owner prior to the discovery by the Corporation that the shares of Capital Stock have been
transferred to the Trustee and (ii) to recast such vote in accordance with the desires of the
Trustee acting for the benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary; provided, however,
that if the
21
Corporation has already taken irreversible corporate action, then the Trustee shall not have
the authority to rescind and recast such vote. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article
VII, until the Corporation has received notification that shares of Capital Stock have been
transferred into a Charitable Trust, the Corporation shall be entitled to rely on its share
transfer and other stockholder records for purposes of preparing lists of stockholders entitled to
vote at meetings, determining the validity and authority of proxies and otherwise conducting votes
of stockholders.
Section 7.3.4 Sale of Shares by Trustee. Within twenty (20) days of receiving notice
from the Corporation that shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Charitable Trust,
the Trustee of the Charitable Trust shall sell the shares held in the Charitable Trust to a person,
designated by the Trustee, whose ownership of the shares will not violate the ownership limitations
set forth in Section 7.2.1(a). Upon such sale, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary
in the shares sold shall terminate and the Trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to
the Prohibited Owner and to the Charitable Beneficiary as provided in this Section 7.3.4.
The Prohibited Owner shall receive the lesser of (i) the price paid by the Prohibited Owner for the
shares or, if the Prohibited Owner did not give value for the shares in connection with the event
causing the shares to be held in the Charitable Trust (e.g., in the case of a gift, devise or other
such transaction), the Market Price of the shares on the day of the event causing the shares to be
held in the Charitable Trust and (ii) the price per share received by the Trustee (net of any
commissions and other expenses of sale) from the sale or other disposition of the shares held in
the Charitable Trust. The Trustee may reduce the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner by the
amount of dividends and other distributions paid to the Prohibited Owner and owed by the Prohibited
Owner to the Trustee pursuant to Section 7.3.3 of this Article VII. Any net sales
proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner shall be
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immediately paid to the Charitable Beneficiary. If, prior to the discovery by the Corporation
that shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Trustee, such shares are sold by a
Prohibited Owner, then (i) such shares shall be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the
Charitable Trust and (ii) to the extent that the Prohibited Owner received an amount for such
shares that exceeds the amount that such Prohibited Owner was entitled to receive pursuant to this
Section 7.3.4, such excess shall be paid to the Trustee upon demand.
Section 7.3.5 Purchase Right in Stock Transferred to the Trustee. Shares of Capital
Stock transferred to the Trustee shall be deemed to have been offered for sale to the Corporation,
or its designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) the price per share in the
transaction that resulted in such transfer to the Charitable Trust (or, in the case of a devise or
gift, the Market Price at the time of such devise or gift) and (ii) the Market Price on the date
the Corporation, or its designee, accepts such offer. The Corporation may reduce the amount
payable to the Trustee by the amount of dividends and other distributions paid to the Prohibited
Owner and that are owed by the Prohibited Owner to the Trustee pursuant to Section 7.3.3 of
this Article VII. The Corporation shall have the right to accept such offer until the
Trustee has sold the shares held in the Charitable Trust pursuant to Section 7.3.4. Upon
such a sale to the Corporation, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the shares sold shall
terminate and the Trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner and
any dividends or other distributions with respect to the shares sold held by the Trustee shall be
paid to the Charitable Beneficiary.
Section 7.3.6 Designation of Charitable Beneficiaries. By written notice to the
Trustee, the Corporation shall designate one or more nonprofit organizations to be the Charitable
Beneficiary of the interest in the Charitable Trust such that (i) the shares of Capital Stock held
in
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the Charitable Trust would not violate the restrictions set forth in Section 7.2.1(a)
in the hands of such Charitable Beneficiary and (ii) each such organization must be described in
Section 501(c)(3) of the Code and contributions to each such organization must be eligible for
deduction under each of Sections 170(b)(1)(A), 2055 and 2522 of the Code. Neither the failure of
the Corporation to make such designation nor the failure of the Corporation to appoint the Trustee
before the automatic transfer provided for in Section 7.2.1(b)(i) shall make such transfer
ineffective, provided that the Corporation thereafter makes such designation and appointment.
Section 7.4 NYSE Transactions. Nothing in this Article VII shall preclude the
settlement of any transaction entered into through the facilities of the NYSE or any other national
securities exchange or automated inter-dealer quotation system. The fact that the settlement of
any transaction occurs shall not negate the effect of any other provision of this Article
VII and any transferee in such a transaction shall be subject to all of the provisions and
limitations set forth in this Article VII.
Section 7.5 Deemed ERISA Representations. Each purchaser of Capital Stock who
purchases Capital Stock from the Corporation or from any underwriter, placement agent or initial
purchaser that participates in a public offering or a private placement or other private offering
of Capital Stock will be deemed to have represented, warranted, and agreed that its purchase and
holding of Capital Stock will not constitute or result in (i) a non-exempt prohibited transaction
under Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code or (ii) a violation of any applicable other
federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other laws or regulations that contain one or more provisions
that are similar to the provisions of Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code.
Section 7.6 Enforcement. The Corporation is authorized specifically to seek equitable
relief, including injunctive relief, to enforce the provisions of this Article VII.
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Section 7.7 Non-Waiver. No delay or failure on the part of the Corporation or the
Board of Directors in exercising any right hereunder shall operate as a waiver of any right of the
Corporation or the Board of Directors, as the case may be, except to the extent specifically waived
in writing.
Section 7.8 Severability. If any provision of this Article VII or any
application of any such provision is determined to be invalid by any federal or state court having
jurisdiction over the issues, the validity of the remaining provisions shall not be affected and
other applications of such provisions shall be affected only to the extent necessary to comply with
the determination of such court.
ARTICLE VIII
AMENDMENTS
The Corporation reserves the right from time to time to make any amendment to the Charter, now
or hereafter authorized by law, including any amendment altering the terms or contract rights, as
expressly set forth in the Charter, of any shares of outstanding stock. All rights and powers
conferred by the Charter on stockholders, directors and officers are granted subject to this
reservation. Except as otherwise provided in the Charter and except for those amendments permitted
to be made without stockholder approval under Maryland law or by specific provision in the Charter,
any amendment to the Charter shall be valid only if declared advisable by the Board of Directors
and approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes
entitled to be cast on the matter. However, any amendment to Section 5.8, Article
VII or this sentence of the Charter shall be valid only if declared advisable by the Board of
Directors and approved by the affirmative vote of the stockholders entitled to cast at least
two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
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ARTICLE IX
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
To the maximum extent that Maryland law in effect from time to time permits limitation of the
liability of directors and officers of a corporation, no present or former director or officer of
the Corporation shall be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for money damages. Neither
the amendment nor repeal of this Article IX, nor the adoption or amendment of any other
provision of the Charter or Bylaws inconsistent with this Article IX, shall apply to or
affect in any respect the applicability of the preceding sentence with respect to any act or
failure to act which occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.
THIRD: The foregoing amendment to and restatement of the Charter has been advised by
the Board of Directors and approved by the sole stockholder of the Corporation as required by law.
FOURTH: The current address of the principal office of the Corporation is as set
forth in Article IV of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the Charter.
FIFTH: The name and address of the Corporations current resident agent is as set
forth in Article IV of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the Charter.
SIXTH: The number of directors of the Corporation and the names of those currently in
office are as set forth in Article V of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the
Charter.
SEVENTH: The total number of shares of stock which the Corporation had authority to
issue immediately prior to this amendment and restatement was 1,000,000 shares of common stock,
$0.01 par value per share. The aggregate par value of all shares of stock having par value was
$10,000.00.
EIGHTH: The total number of shares of stock which the Corporation has authority to
issue pursuant to the foregoing amended and restated Charter is 600,000,000, consisting of
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500,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 100,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock. The aggregate
par value of all shares of stock having par value is $6,000,000.
NINTH: The undersigned acknowledges these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be
the corporate act of the Corporation and as to all matters or facts required to be verified under
oath, the undersigned acknowledges that, to the best of his knowledge, information and belief,
these matters and facts are true in all material respects and that this statement is made under the
penalties for perjury.
[Signatures Appear on the Following Page.]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to
be signed in its name and on its behalf by the Chief Executive Officer and President of the
Corporation and attested to by the Secretary of the Corporation on this ___ day of __________,
2011.
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ATTEST: |
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ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC. |
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By:
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G. Hunter Haas, IV
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By:
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Robert E. Cauley
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(SEAL) |
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Secretary
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Chief Executive Officer and President |
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exv3w2
Exhibit 3.2
ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC.
AMENDED & RESTATED BYLAWS
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section 1. Principal Office.
The principal office of Orchid Island Capital, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the
Corporation), in the State of Maryland shall be located at such place as the board of directors
of the Corporation (the Board of Directors) may designate.
Section 2. Additional Offices.
The Corporation may have additional offices, including a principal executive office, at such
places as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation
may require.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
Section 1. Place.
All meetings of stockholders shall be held at the principal executive office of the
Corporation or at such other place as shall be set in accordance with these Bylaws and stated in
the notice of the meeting.
Section 2. Annual Meeting.
An annual meeting of stockholders for the election of directors and the transaction of any
business within the powers of the Corporation shall be held on the date and at the time and place
set by the Board of Directors.
Section 3. Special Meetings.
(a) General. Each of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer,
President and Board of Directors may call a special meeting of stockholders. Except as provided in
Section 3(b)(4), a special meeting of stockholders shall be held on the date and at the time and
place set by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer, President, Board of
Directors or by whoever has called the meeting. Subject to Section 3(b), a special meeting of
stockholders shall also be called by the Secretary of the Corporation to act on any matter that may
properly be considered at a special meeting of stockholders upon the written request of
stockholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on such
matter at such meeting.
(b) Stockholder-Requested Special Meetings. (1) Any stockholder of record seeking to have
stockholders request a special meeting shall, by sending written notice to the Secretary of
the Corporation (the Record Date Request Notice) at the principal executive office of the
Corporation by registered mail, return receipt requested, request the Board of Directors to
fix a record date to determine the stockholders entitled to request a special meeting (the
Request Record Date). The Record Date Request Notice shall set forth the purpose of the
meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on at it, shall be signed by one or more
stockholders of record as of the date of signature (or their agents duly authorized in a
writing accompanying the Record Date Request Notice), shall bear the date of signature of
each such stockholder (or such agent) and shall set forth all information relating to each
such stockholder and each matter proposed to be acted on at the meeting that would be
required to be disclosed in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the election of
directors in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), or would
otherwise be required in connection with such a solicitation, in each case pursuant to
Regulation l4A (or any successor provision) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (the Exchange
Act). Upon receiving the Record Date Request Notice, the Board of Directors may fix a
Request Record Date. The Request Record Date shall not precede and shall not be more than
ten (10) days after the close of business on the date on which the resolution fixing the
Request Record Date is adopted by the Board of Directors. If the Board of Directors, within
ten (10) days after the date on which a valid Record Date Request Notice is received, fails
to adopt a resolution fixing the Request Record Date, the Request Record Date shall be the
close of business on the tenth (10th) day after the first date on which such
Record Date Request Notice is received by the Secretary.
(2) In order for any stockholder to request a special meeting to act on any matter that
may properly be considered at a special meeting of stockholders, one or more written
requests for a special meeting (collectively, the Special Meeting Request) signed by
stockholders of record (or their agents duly authorized in a writing accompanying the
request) as of the Request Record Date entitled to cast not less than a majority of all of
the votes entitled to be cast on such matter at such meeting (the Special Meeting
Percentage) shall be delivered to the Secretary. In addition, the Special Meeting Request
shall (a) set forth the purpose of the meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on at it
(which shall be limited to those lawful matters set forth in the Record Date Request Notice
received by the Secretary), (b) bear the date of signature of each such stockholder (or such
agent) signing the Special Meeting Request, (c) set forth (i) the name and address, as they
appear in the Corporations books, of each stockholder signing such request (or on whose
behalf the Special Meeting Request is signed), (ii) the class, series and number of all
shares of stock of the Corporation which are owned (beneficially or of record) by each such
stockholder and (iii) the nominee holder for, and number of, shares of stock of the
Corporation owned beneficially but not of record by such stockholder, (d) be sent to the
Secretary by registered mail, return receipt requested, and (e) be received by the Secretary
within sixty (60) days after the Request Record Date. Any requesting stockholder (or agent
duly authorized in a writing accompanying the revocation of the Special Meeting Request) may
revoke his, her or its request for a special meeting at any time by written revocation
delivered to the Secretary.
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(3) The Secretary shall inform the requesting stockholders of the reasonably estimated
cost of preparing and mailing or delivering the notice of the meeting (including the
Corporations proxy materials). The Secretary shall not be required to call a special
meeting upon stockholder request and such meeting shall not be held unless, in addition to
the documents required by Section 3(b)(2), the Secretary receives payment of such reasonably
estimated cost prior to the preparation and mailing or delivery of such notice of the
meeting.
(4) In the case of any special meeting called by the Secretary upon the request of
stockholders (a Stockholder-Requested Meeting), such meeting shall be held at such place,
date and time as may be designated by the Board of Directors; provided, however, that the
date of any Stockholder-Requested Meeting shall be not more than ninety (90) days after the
record date for such meeting (the Meeting Record Date); and provided further that if the
Board of Directors fails to designate, within ten (10) days after the date that a valid
Special Meeting Request is actually received by the Secretary (the Delivery Date), a date
and time for a Stockholder-Requested Meeting, then such meeting shall be held at 2:00 p.m.,
local time, on the ninetieth (90th) day after the Meeting Record Date or, if such
ninetieth (90th) day is not a Business Day (as defined below), on the first
preceding Business Day; and provided further that in the event that the Board of Directors
fails to designate a place for a Stockholder-Requested Meeting within ten (10) days after
the Delivery Date, then such meeting shall be held at the principal executive office of the
Corporation. In fixing a date for a Stockholder-Requested Meeting, the Board of Directors
may consider such factors as it deems relevant, including, without limitation, the nature of
the matters to be considered, the facts and circumstances surrounding any request for the
meeting and any plan of the Board of Directors to call an annual meeting or a special
meeting. In the case of any Stockholder-Requested Meeting, if the Board of Directors fails
to fix a Meeting Record Date that is a date within thirty (30) days after the Delivery Date,
then the close of business on the thirtieth (30th) day after the Delivery Date
shall be the Meeting Record Date. The Board of Directors may revoke the notice for any
Stockholder-Requested Meeting in the event that the requesting stockholders fail to comply
with the provisions of Section 3(b)(3).
(5) If written revocations of the Special Meeting Request have been delivered to the
Secretary and the result is that stockholders of record (or their agents duly authorized in
writing), as of the Request Record Date, entitled to cast less than the Special Meeting
Percentage have delivered, and not revoked, requests for a special meeting on the matter to
the Secretary: (i) if the notice of meeting has not already been delivered, the Secretary
shall refrain from delivering the notice of the meeting and send to all requesting
stockholders who have not revoked such requests written notice of any revocation of a
request for a special meeting on the matter, or (ii) if the notice of meeting has been
delivered and if the Secretary first sends to all requesting stockholders who have not
revoked requests for a special meeting on the matter written notice of any revocation of a
request for the special meeting and written notice of the Corporations intention to revoke
the notice of the meeting or for the chairman of the meeting to adjourn the meeting without
action on the matter, (A) the Secretary may revoke the notice of the meeting at any time
before ten (10) days before the commencement of the meeting or (B) the chairman of the
meeting may call the meeting to order and adjourn the meeting
3
without acting on the matter. Any request for a special meeting received after a
revocation by the Secretary of a notice of a meeting shall be considered a request for a new
special meeting.
(6) The Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer, President or Board
of Directors may appoint regionally or nationally recognized independent inspectors of
elections to act as the agent of the Corporation for the purpose of promptly performing a
ministerial review of the validity of any purported Special Meeting Request received by the
Secretary. For the purpose of permitting the inspectors to perform such review, no such
purported Special Meeting Request shall be deemed to have been delivered to the Secretary
until the earlier of (i) five (5) Business Days after receipt by the Secretary of such
purported request and (ii) such date as the independent inspectors certify to the
Corporation that the valid requests received by the Secretary represent, as of the Request
Record Date, stockholders of record entitled to cast not less than the Special Meeting
Percentage. Nothing contained in this paragraph (6) shall in any way be construed to suggest
or imply that the Corporation or any stockholder shall not be entitled to contest the
validity of any request, whether during or after such five (5) Business Day period, or to
take any other action (including, without limitation, the commencement, prosecution or
defense of any litigation with respect thereto, and the seeking of injunctive relief in such
litigation).
(7) For purposes of these Bylaws, Business Day shall mean any day other than a
Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are
authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.
Section 4. Notice.
Not less than ten (10) nor more than ninety (90) days before each meeting of stockholders, the
Secretary shall give to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting and to each stockholder
not entitled to vote who is entitled to notice of the meeting notice in writing or by electronic
transmission stating the time and place of the meeting and, in the case of a special meeting or as
otherwise may be required by any statute, the purpose for which the meeting is called, by mail, by
presenting it to such stockholder personally, by leaving it at the stockholders residence or usual
place of business or by any other means permitted by Maryland law. If mailed, such notice shall be
deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail addressed to the stockholder at the
stockholders address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon
prepaid. If transmitted electronically, such notice shall be deemed to be given when transmitted to
the stockholder by an electronic transmission to any address or number of the stockholder at which
the stockholder receives electronic transmissions. The Corporation may give a single notice to all
stockholders who share an address, which single notice shall be effective as to any stockholder at
such address, unless such stockholder objects to receiving such single notice or revokes a prior
consent to receiving such single notice. Failure to give notice of any meeting to one or more
stockholders, or any irregularity in such notice, shall not affect the validity of any meeting
fixed in accordance with this Article II or the validity of any proceedings at any such meeting.
4
Subject to Section 11(a) of this Article II, any business of the Corporation may be transacted
at an annual meeting of stockholders without being specifically designated in the notice, except
such business as is required by any statute to be stated in such notice. No business shall be
transacted at a special meeting of stockholders except as specifically designated in the notice.
The Corporation may postpone or cancel a meeting of stockholders by making a public announcement
(as defined in Section 11(c)(3) of this Article II) of such postponement or cancellation prior to
the meeting. Notice of the date, time and place to which the meeting is postponed shall be given
not less than ten (10) days prior to such date and otherwise in the manner set forth in this
section.
Section 5. Organization and Conduct.
Every meeting of stockholders shall be conducted by an individual appointed by the Board of
Directors to be chairman of the meeting or, in the absence of such appointment or appointed
individual, by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or, in the case of a vacancy in the office or
absence of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, by one of the following officers present at the
meeting in the following order: the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there is one, the
Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Vice Presidents in their order of rank and seniority,
the Secretary, or, in the absence of such officers, a chairman chosen by the stockholders by the
vote of a majority of the votes cast by stockholders present in person or by proxy. The Secretary,
or, in the Secretarys absence, an Assistant Secretary, or, in the absence of both the Secretary
and Assistant Secretaries, an individual appointed by the Board of Directors or, in the absence of
such appointment, an individual appointed by the chairman of the meeting shall act as secretary of
the meeting. In the event that the Secretary presides at a meeting of stockholders, an Assistant
Secretary, or, in the absence of all Assistant Secretaries, an individual appointed by the Board of
Directors or the chairman of the meeting, shall record the minutes of the meeting.
The order of business and all other matters of procedure at any meeting of stockholders shall
be determined by the chairman of the meeting. The chairman of the meeting may prescribe such rules,
regulations and procedures and take such action as, in the discretion of the chairman and without
any action by the stockholders, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting, including,
without limitation, (a) restricting admission to the time set for the commencement of the meeting;
(b) limiting attendance at the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly
authorized proxies and such other individuals as the chairman of the meeting may determine; (c)
limiting participation at the meeting on any matter to stockholders of record of the Corporation
entitled to vote on such matter, their duly authorized proxies and other such individuals as the
chairman of the meeting may determine; (d) limiting the time allotted to questions or comments by
participants; (e) determining when and for how long the polls should be opened and when the polls
should be closed; (f) maintaining order and security at the meeting; (g) removing any stockholder
or any other individual who refuses to comply with meeting procedures, rules or guidelines as set
forth by the chairman of the meeting; (h) concluding a meeting or recessing or adjourning the
meeting to a later date and time and at a place announced at the meeting; and (i) complying with
any state and local laws and regulations concerning safety and security. Unless otherwise
determined by the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be
held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.
5
Section 6. Quorum.
At any meeting of stockholders, the presence in person or by proxy of stockholders entitled to
cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting on any matter shall constitute
a quorum; but this section shall not affect any requirement under any statute or the charter of the
Corporation (the Charter) for the vote necessary for the approval of any matter. If, however,
such quorum is not established at any meeting of the stockholders, the chairman of the meeting may
adjourn the meeting sine die or from time to time to a date not more than one hundred twenty (120)
days after the original record date without notice other than announcement at the meeting. At such
adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present, any business may be transacted which might
have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified. The stockholders present either in
person or by proxy, at a meeting which has been duly called and at which a quorum has been
established, may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal
from the meeting of enough stockholders to leave fewer than would be required to establish a
quorum.
Section 7. Voting.
A plurality of all the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a
quorum is present shall be sufficient to elect a director. Each share may be voted for as many
individuals as there are directors to be elected and for whose election the share is entitled to be
voted. A majority of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum
is present shall be sufficient to approve any other matter which may properly come before the
meeting, unless more than a majority of the votes cast is required by statute or by the Charter.
Unless otherwise provided by statute or by the Charter, each outstanding share, regardless of
class, shall be entitled to one vote on each matter submitted to a vote at a meeting of
stockholders.
Section 8. Proxies.
A holder of record of shares of stock of the Corporation may cast votes in person or by proxy
executed or authorized by the stockholder or by the stockholders duly authorized agent in any
manner permitted by law. Such proxy or evidence of authorization of such proxy shall be filed with
the Secretary of the Corporation before or at the meeting. No proxy shall be valid more than eleven
(11) months after its date, unless otherwise provided in the proxy.
Section 9. Voting of Stock By Certain Holders.
Stock of the Corporation registered in the name of a corporation, partnership, trust, limited
liability company or other entity, if entitled to be voted, may be voted by the president or a vice
president, general partner, trustee or managing member thereof, as the case may be, or a proxy
appointed by any of the foregoing individuals, unless some other person who has been appointed to
vote such stock pursuant to a bylaw or a resolution of the governing body of such corporation or
other entity or agreement of the partners of a partnership presents a certified copy of such bylaw,
resolution or agreement, in which case such person may vote such stock. Any director or fiduciary
may vote stock registered in the name of such person in the capacity of such director or fiduciary,
either in person or by proxy.
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Shares of stock of the Corporation directly or indirectly owned by it shall not be voted at
any meeting and shall not be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares entitled
to be voted at any given time, unless they are held by it in a fiduciary capacity, in which case
they may be voted and shall be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares at any
given time.
The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution a procedure by which a stockholder may certify
in writing to the Corporation that any shares of stock registered in the name of the stockholder
are held for the account of a specified person other than the stockholder. The resolution shall set
forth the class of stockholders who may make the certification, the purpose for which the
certification may be made, the form of certification and the information to be contained in it; if
the certification is with respect to a record date, the time after the record date within which the
certification must be received by the Corporation; and any other provisions with respect to the
procedure which the Board of Directors considers necessary or desirable. On receipt by the
Corporation of such certification, the person specified in the certification shall be regarded as,
for the purposes set forth in the certification, the holder of record of the specified stock in
place of the stockholder who makes the certification.
Section 10. Inspectors.
The Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting may appoint, before or at the meeting,
one or more inspectors for the meeting and any successor to the inspector. Except as otherwise
provided by the Board of Directors or the Chairman of the meeting, the inspectors, if any, shall
(i) determine the number of shares of stock represented at the meeting, in person or by proxy, and
the validity and effect of proxies, (ii) receive and tabulate all votes, ballots or consents, (iii)
report such tabulation to the chairman of the meeting, (iv) hear and determine all challenges and
questions arising in connection with the right to vote, and (v) do such acts as are proper to
fairly conduct the election or vote. Each such report shall be in writing and signed by the
inspector or by a majority of them if there is more than one inspector acting at such meeting. If
there is more than one inspector, the report of a majority shall be the report of the inspectors.
The report of the inspector or inspectors on the number of shares represented at the meeting and
the results of the voting shall be prima facie evidence thereof.
Section 11. Advance Notice of Nominees for Director and Other Stockholder Proposals.
(a) Annual Meetings of Stockholders.
(1) Nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Directors and the proposal
of other business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of
stockholders (i) pursuant to the Corporations notice of meeting, (ii) by or at the
direction of the Board of Directors or (iii) by any stockholder of the Corporation who was a
stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice by the stockholder as provided
for in this Section 11(a) and at the time of the annual meeting, who is entitled to vote at
the meeting in the election of each individual so nominated or on any such other business
and who has complied with this Section 11(a).
(2) For any nomination or other business to be properly brought before an annual
meeting by a stockholder pursuant to Section 11(a)(1)(iii), the stockholder must
7
have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation and any
such other business must otherwise be a proper matter for action by the stockholders. To be
timely, a stockholders notice shall set forth all information required under this Section
11 and shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive office of the
Corporation not earlier than the one hundred fiftieth (150th) day nor later than
5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to the
first (1st) anniversary of the date of the proxy statement (as defined in Section
11(c)(3) of this Article II) for the preceding years annual meeting; provided, however,
that in connection with the Corporations first (1st) annual meeting occurring
after the initial underwritten public offering of the common stock of the Corporation or in
the event that the date of the annual meeting is advanced or delayed by more than thirty
(30) days from the first (1st) anniversary of the date of the preceding years
annual meeting, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than
the one hundred fiftieth (150th) day prior to the date of such annual meeting and
not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the later of the one hundred twentieth
(120th) day prior to the date of such annual meeting, as originally convened, or
the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date
of such meeting is first made. The public announcement of a postponement or adjournment of
an annual meeting shall not commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholders
notice as described above.
(3) A stockholders notice described in Section 11(a)(2) shall set forth:
(i) As to each individual whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for
election or reelection as a director (each, a Proposed Nominee), all information
relating to the Proposed Nominee that would be required to be disclosed in
connection with the solicitation of proxies for the election of the Proposed Nominee
as a director in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved),
or would otherwise be required in connection with such solicitation, in each case
pursuant to Regulation 14A (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act.
(ii) As to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the
meeting, a description of such business, the stockholders reasons for proposing
such business at the meeting and any material interest in such business of such
stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person (as defined below), individually or
in the aggregate, including any anticipated benefit to the stockholder or the
Stockholder Associated Person therefrom.
(iii) As to the stockholder giving the notice, any Proposed Nominee and any
Stockholder Associated Person: (A) the class, series and number of all shares of
stock or other securities of the Corporation or any affiliate thereof (collectively,
the Company Securities), if any, which are owned (beneficially or of record) by
such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person, the date on
which each such Company Security was acquired and the investment intent of such
acquisition, and any short interest (including any opportunity to profit or share in
any benefit from any decrease in the price of such stock or other security) in any
Company Securities of any such person; (B) any
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derivative, swap or other transaction or series of transactions engaged in,
directly or indirectly, by such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder
Associated Person, the purpose or effect of which is to give such stockholder,
Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person economic risk similar to ownership
of shares of any class or series of the Corporation, including due to the fact that
the value of such derivative, swap or other transactions is determined by reference
to the price, value or volatility of any shares of any class or series of the
Corporation, or which derivative, swap or other transactions provides, directly or
indirectly, the opportunity to profit from any increase in the price or value of
shares of any class or series of the Corporation (Synthetic Equity Interests),
which Synthetic Equity Interests shall be disclosed without regard to whether (x)
the derivative, swap or other transactions convey any voting rights in such shares
to such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person, (y) the
derivative, swap or other transactions are required to be, or are capable of being,
settled through delivery of such shares or (z) such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or
Stockholder Associated Person may have entered into other transactions that hedge or
mitigate the economic effect of such derivative, swap or other transactions, (C) any
proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding, or relationship pursuant to which such
stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person has a right to vote
or direct the voting power of any security of the Corporation, (D) any short
interest in any security of the Corporation (for purposes of these Bylaws a person
shall be deemed to have a short interest in a security if such person directly or
indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationships or
otherwise, has the opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any
decrease in the value of the subject security), (E) any rights to dividends on the
shares of stock of the Corporation owned beneficially by such stockholder, Proposed
Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person that are separated from the underlying
shares of stock of the Corporation, (F) any proportionate interest in shares of
stock of the Corporation or Synthetic Equity Interests held, directly or indirectly,
by a general or limited partnership in which such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or
Stockholder Associated Person is a general partner or, directly or indirectly,
beneficially owns an interest in a general partner, (G) any performance-related fees
(other than an asset-based fee) that such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or
Stockholder Associated Person is entitled to based on any increase or decrease in
the value of shares of the Corporation, if any, as of the date of such notice,
including without limitation any such interests held by members of such
stockholders, Proposed Nominees or Stockholder Associated Persons immediate
family sharing the same household (which information required by this subsection
(iii) shall be supplemented by such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder
Associated Person and beneficial owner, if any, not later than ten (10) days after
the record date for the meeting to disclose such ownership as of the record date),
(H) any substantial interest, direct or indirect (including, without limitation, any
existing or prospective commercial, business or contractual relationship with the
Corporation), by security holdings or otherwise, of such stockholder, Proposed
Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person, in the Corporation or any affiliate
thereof, other than an interest arising
9
from the ownership of Company Securities where such stockholder, Proposed
Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person receives no extra or special benefit not
shared on a pro rata basis by all other holders of the same class or series of
Company Securities, (I) the nominee holder for, and number of Company Securities
owned beneficially but not of record by such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or
Stockholder Associated Person and (J) any other information relating to such
stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person and beneficial owner,
if any, that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings
required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for, as applicable,
the proposal and/or for the election of directors in a contested election pursuant
to Regulation 14A (or any successor provision) of the Exchange Act.
(iv) As to the stockholder giving the notice, any Stockholder Associated Person
with an interest or ownership referred to in clauses (ii) or (iii) of Section
11(a)(3) and any Proposed Nominee: (A) the name and address of such stockholder, as
they appear on the Corporations stock ledger, and the current name and business
address, if different, of each such Stockholder Associated Person and any Proposed
Nominee; and (B) the investment strategy or objective, if any, of such stockholder
and each such Stockholder Associated Person who is not an individual and a copy of
the prospectus, offering memorandum or similar document, if any, provided to
investors or potential investors in such stockholder and each such Stockholder
Associated Person.
(v) The name and address of any person who contacted or was contacted by the
stockholder giving the notice or any Stockholder Associated Person about the
Proposed Nominee or other business proposal prior to the date of such stockholders
notice.
(vi) To the extent known by the stockholder giving the notice, the name and
address of any other stockholder supporting the nominee for election or reelection
as a director or the proposal of other business on the date of such stockholders
notice.
(4) Such stockholders notice shall, with respect to any Proposed Nominee, be
accompanied by a certificate executed by the Proposed Nominee (i) certifying that such
Proposed Nominee (a) is not, and will not become a party to, any agreement, arrangement or
understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation in connection with
service or action as a director that has not been disclosed to the Corporation and (b) will
serve as a director of the Corporation if elected; and (ii) attaching a completed Proposed
Nominee questionnaire (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Corporation, upon
request, to the stockholder providing the notice and shall include all information relating
to the Proposed Nominee that would be required to be disclosed in connection with the
solicitation of proxies for the election of the Proposed Nominee as a director in an
election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), or would otherwise be
required in connection with such solicitation, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A (or
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any successor provision) under the Exchange Act, or would be required pursuant to the
rules of any national securities exchange on which any securities of the Corporation are
listed or over-the-counter market on which any securities of the Corporation are traded).
(5) Notwithstanding anything in this Section 11(a) to the contrary, in the event that
the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors is increased, and there is
no public announcement of such action at least one hundred thirty (130) days prior to the
first (1st) anniversary of the date of the proxy statement (as defined in Section
11(c)(3) of this Article II) for the preceding years annual meeting, a stockholders notice
required by this Section 11(a) shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to
nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the
Secretary at the principal executive office of the Corporation not later than 5:00 p.m.,
Eastern Time, on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public
announcement is first made by the Corporation.
(6) For purposes of this Section 11, Stockholder Associated Person of any stockholder
shall mean (i) any person acting in concert with such stockholder, (ii) any beneficial owner
of shares of stock of the Corporation owned of record or beneficially by such stockholder
(other than a stockholder that is a depositary) and (iii) any person that directly, or
indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under
common control with, such stockholder or such Stockholder Associated Person.
(b) Special Meetings of Stockholders. Only such business shall be conducted at a special
meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporations
notice of meeting. Nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Directors may be made at
a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected only (i) by or at the
direction of the Board of Directors or (ii) provided that the special meeting has been called in
accordance with Section 3(a) of this Article II for the purpose of electing directors, by any
stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice
provided for in this Section 11 and at the time of the special meeting, who is entitled to vote at
the meeting in the election of each individual so nominated and who has complied with the notice
procedures set forth in this Section 11. Section 11(b)(1)(iii) above shall be the exclusive means
for a stockholder to propose business to be brought before a special meeting of the stockholders.
In the event the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing
one or more individuals to the Board of Directors, any stockholder may nominate an individual or
individuals (as the case may be) for election as a director as specified in the Corporations
notice of meeting, if the stockholders notice, containing the information required by Section
11(a)(3), is delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive office of the Corporation not
earlier than the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such special meeting and not
later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time on the later of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to
such special meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public
announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the
Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting. The public announcement of a postponement or
adjournment of a special meeting shall not commence a new time period for the giving of a
stockholders notice as described above.
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(c) General. (1) If information submitted pursuant to this Section 11 by any stockholder
proposing a nominee for election as a director or any proposal for other business at a meeting of
stockholders shall be inaccurate in any material respect, such information may be deemed not to
have been provided in accordance with this Section 11. Any such stockholder shall notify the
Corporation of any inaccuracy or change (within two Business Days of becoming aware of such
inaccuracy or change) in any such information. Upon written request by the Secretary or the Board
of Directors, any such stockholder shall provide, within five (5) Business Days of delivery of such
request (or such other period as may be specified in such request), (A) written verification,
satisfactory, in the discretion of the Board of Directors or any authorized officer of the
Corporation, to demonstrate the accuracy of any information submitted by the stockholder pursuant
to this Section 11, and (B) a written update of any information (including, if requested by the
Corporation, written confirmation by such stockholder that it continues to intend to bring such
nomination or other business proposal before the meeting) submitted by the stockholder pursuant to
this Section 11 as of an earlier date. If a stockholder fails to provide such written verification
or written update within such period, the information as to which written verification or a written
update was requested may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 11.
(2) Only such individuals who are nominated in accordance with this Section 11 shall be
eligible for election by stockholders as directors, and only such business shall be
conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in
accordance with this Section 11. The chairman of the meeting shall have the power to
determine whether a nomination or any other business proposed to be brought before the
meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with this Section 11.
(3) For purposes of this Section 11, the date of the proxy statement shall have the
same meaning as the date of the companys proxy statement released to shareholders as used
in Rule 14a-8(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, as interpreted by the Securities and
Exchange Commission from time to time. Public announcement shall mean disclosure (A) in a
press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press, Business Wire, PR
Newswire or other widely circulated news or wire service or (B) in a document publicly filed
by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act.
(4) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 11, a stockholder shall
also comply with all applicable requirements of state law and of the Exchange Act and the
rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 11.
Nothing in this Section 11 shall be deemed to affect any right of a stockholder to request
inclusion of a proposal in, or the right of the Corporation to omit a proposal from, the
Corporations proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 (or any successor provision) under the
Exchange Act. Nothing in this Section 11 shall require disclosure of revocable proxies
received by the stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person pursuant to a solicitation of
proxies after the filing of an effective Schedule 14A by such stockholder or Stockholder
Associated Person under Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act.
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Section 12. Voting by Ballot.
Voting on any question or in any election may be viva voce unless the chairman of the meeting
shall order that voting be by ballot.
Section 13. Control Share Acquisition Act.
Notwithstanding any other provision of the Charter or these Bylaws, Title 3, Subtitle 7 of the
Maryland General Corporation Law (or any successor statute) (the MGCL) shall not apply to any
acquisition by any person of shares of stock of the Corporation. This section may be repealed, in
whole or in part, at any time, whether before or after an acquisition of control shares and, upon
such repeal, may, to the extent provided by any successor bylaw, apply to any prior or subsequent
control share acquisition.
Section 14. Telephone Meetings.
The Board of Directors or chairman of the meeting may permit one or more stockholders to
participate in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment if
all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time. Participation in a
meeting by these means constitutes presence in person at the meeting.
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
Section 1. General Powers.
The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of its Board
of Directors.
Section 2. Number, Tenure and Resignation.
At any regular meeting of the Board of Directors or at any special meeting of the Board of
Directors called for that purpose, a majority of the entire Board of Directors may establish,
increase or decrease the number of directors, provided that the number thereof shall never be less
than the minimum number required by the MGCL nor more than fifteen (15), and further provided that
the tenure of office of a director shall not be affected by any decrease in the number of
directors. Directors shall hold their offices for terms expiring at the next annual meeting of
stockholders of the Corporation and when their successors are duly elected and qualify. Any
director of the Corporation may resign at any time by delivering his or her resignation to the
Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the Secretary. Any resignation shall
take effect immediately upon its receipt or at such later time specified in the resignation. The
acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective unless otherwise stated in
the resignation.
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Section 3. Annual and Regular Meetings.
An annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held immediately after and at the same
place as the annual meeting of stockholders, with no notice other than this Bylaw being necessary.
In the event such meeting is not so held, the meeting may be held at such time and place as shall
be specified in a notice given as hereinafter provided for special meetings of the Board of
Directors. The Board of Directors may provide, by resolution, the time and place for the holding of
regular meetings of the Board of Directors without other notice than such resolution.
Section 4. Special Meetings.
Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by or at the request of the Chairman
of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a majority of the
directors then in office. The person or persons authorized to call special meetings of the Board of
Directors may fix any place as the place for holding any special meeting of the Board of Directors
called by them. The Board of Directors may provide, by resolution, the time and place for the
holding of special meetings of the Board of Directors without other notice than such resolution.
Section 5. Notice.
Notice of any special meeting of the Board of Directors shall be delivered personally or by
telephone, electronic mail, facsimile transmission, courier or United States mail to each director
at his or her business or residence address. Notice by personal delivery, telephone, electronic
mail or facsimile transmission shall be given at least twenty four (24) hours prior to the meeting.
Notice by United States mail shall be given at least three (3) days prior to the meeting. Notice by
courier shall be given at least two (2) days prior to the meeting. Telephone notice shall be deemed
to be given when the director or his or her agent is personally given such notice in a telephone
call to which the director or his or her agent is a party. Electronic mail notice shall be deemed
to be given upon transmission of the message to the electronic mail address given to the
Corporation by the director. Facsimile transmission notice shall be deemed to be given upon
completion of the transmission of the message to the number given to the Corporation by the
director and receipt of a completed answer-back indicating receipt. Notice by United States mail
shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail properly addressed, with
postage thereon prepaid. Notice by courier shall be deemed to be given when deposited with or
delivered to a courier properly addressed. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the
purpose of, any annual, regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors need be stated in the
notice, unless specifically required by statute or these Bylaws.
Section 6. Quorum.
A majority of the directors shall constitute a quorum for transaction of business at any
meeting of the Board of Directors, provided that, if less than a majority of such directors is
present at such meeting, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to
time without further notice, and provided further that if, pursuant to applicable law, the Charter
or these Bylaws, the vote of a majority or other percentage of a particular group of directors is
14
required for action, a quorum must also include a majority or such other percentage of such group.
The directors present at a meeting which has been duly called and at which a quorum has been
established may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal
from the meeting of enough directors to leave fewer than required to establish a quorum.
Section 7. Voting.
The action of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present
shall be the action of the Board of Directors, unless the concurrence of a greater proportion is
required for such action by applicable law, the Charter or these Bylaws, provided that if, pursuant
to applicable law, the Charter or these Bylaws, the vote of a majority or other percentage of a
particular group of directors is required for action, a quorum must also include a majority or such
other percentage of such group. If enough directors have withdrawn from a meeting to leave fewer
than required to establish a quorum, but the meeting is not adjourned, the action of the majority
of that number of directors necessary to constitute a quorum at such meeting shall be the action of
the Board of Directors, unless the concurrence of a greater proportion is required for such action
by applicable law, the Charter or these Bylaws.
Section 8. Organization.
At each meeting of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors or, in the
absence of the chairman, the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, shall act as chairman
of the meeting. In the absence of both the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors,
the Chief Executive Officer or, in the absence of the Chief Executive Officer, the President or, in
the absence of the President, a director chosen by a majority of the directors present, shall act
as chairman of the meeting. The Secretary or, in his or her absence, an Assistant Secretary of the
Corporation, or, in the absence of the Secretary and all Assistant Secretaries, an individual
appointed by the Chairman, shall act as secretary of the meeting.
Section 9. Telephone Meetings.
Directors may participate in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or other
communications equipment if all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the
same time. Participation in a meeting by these means shall constitute presence in person at the
meeting.
Section 10. Consent by Directors Without a Meeting.
Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors may be
taken without a meeting, if a consent in writing or by electronic transmission to such action is
given by each director and is filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors.
15
Section 11. Vacancies.
If for any reason any or all the directors cease to be directors, such event shall not
terminate the Corporation or affect these Bylaws or the powers of the remaining directors
hereunder. Except as may be provided by the Board of Directors in setting the terms of any class or
series of preferred stock, any vacancy on the Board of Directors may be filled only by a majority
of the remaining directors, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum. Any
director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the
directorship in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies.
Section 12. Chairman of the Board of Directors.
The Board of Directors shall designate a Chairman of the Board of Directors. The Board of
Directors may designate the Chairman of the Board of Directors as an executive or non-executive
chairman. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall preside over the meetings of the Board of
Directors. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall perform such other duties as may be
assigned to him or her by these Bylaws or the Board of Directors.
Section 13. Compensation.
Directors shall not receive any stated salary for their services as directors but, by
resolution of the Board of Directors, may receive compensation per year and/or per meeting and/or
per visit to real property or other facilities owned or leased by the Corporation and for any
service or activity they performed or engaged in as directors. Directors may be reimbursed for
expenses of attendance, if any, at each annual, regular or special meeting of the Board of
Directors or of any committee thereof and for their expenses, if any, in connection with each
property visit and any other service or activity they perform or engage in as directors; but
nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any directors from serving the Corporation
in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.
Section 14. Reliance.
Each director and officer of the Corporation shall, in the performance of his or her duties
with respect to the Corporation, be entitled to rely on any information, opinion, report or
statement, including any financial statement or other financial data, prepared or presented by an
officer or employee of the Corporation whom the director or officer reasonably believes to be
reliable and competent in the matters presented, by a lawyer, certified public accountant or other
person, as to a matter which the director or officer reasonably believes to be within the persons
professional or expert competence, or, with respect to a director, by a committee of the Board of
Directors on which the director does not serve, as to a matter within its designated authority, if
the director reasonably believes the committee to merit confidence.
Section 15. Certain Rights of Directors and Officers.
Any director or officer, in his or her personal capacity or in a capacity as an affiliate,
employee, or agent of any other person, or otherwise, may have business interests and engage in
business activities similar to, in addition to or in competition with those of or relating to the
Corporation.
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Section 16. Ratification.
The Board of Directors or the stockholders may ratify and make binding on the Corporation any
action or inaction by the Corporation or its officers to the extent that the Board of Directors or
the stockholders could have originally authorized the matter. Moreover, any action or inaction
questioned in any stockholders derivative proceeding or any other proceeding on the ground of lack
of authority, defective or irregular execution, adverse interest of a director, officer or
stockholder, non-disclosure, miscomputation, the application of improper principles or practices of
accounting or otherwise, may be ratified, before or after judgment, by the Board of Directors or by
the stockholders, and if so ratified, shall have the same force and effect as if the questioned
action or inaction had been originally duly authorized, and such ratification shall be binding upon
the Corporation and its stockholders and shall constitute a bar to any claim or execution of any
judgment in respect of such questioned action or inaction.
Section 17. Emergency Provisions.
Notwithstanding any other provision in the Charter or these Bylaws, this Section 17 shall
apply during the existence of any catastrophe, or other similar emergency condition, as a result of
which a quorum of the Board of Directors under Article III of these Bylaws cannot readily be
obtained (an Emergency). During any Emergency, unless otherwise provided by the Board
of Directors, (i) a meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee thereof may be called by
any director or officer by any means feasible under the circumstances; (ii) notice of any meeting
of the Board of Directors during such an Emergency may be given less than twenty-four (24) hours
prior to the meeting to as many directors and by such means as may be feasible at the time,
including publication, television or radio, and (iii) the number of directors necessary to
constitute a quorum shall be one-third (1/3) of the entire Board of Directors.
ARTICLE IV
COMMITTEES
Section 1. Number, Tenure and Qualifications.
The Board of Directors may appoint from among its members an Audit Committee, a Compensation
Committee, a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and other committees, composed of one or
more directors, to serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. The exact composition of each
committee, including the total number of directors and the number of independent directors on each
such committee, shall at all times comply with any applicable listing requirements and rules and
regulations of the New York Stock Exchange or any other national securities exchange on which the
Corporations common stock is then listed, as such rules and regulations may be modified or amended
from time to time, and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, as such
rules and regulations may be modified or amended from time to time.
Section 2. Powers.
The Board of Directors may delegate to committees appointed under Section 1 of this Article IV
any of the powers of the Board of Directors, except as prohibited by law.
17
Section 3. Meetings.
Notice of committee meetings shall be given in the same manner as notice for special meetings
of the Board of Directors. A majority of the members of the committee shall constitute a quorum for
the transaction of business at any meeting of the committee. The act of a majority of the committee
members present at a meeting shall be the act of such committee. The Board of Directors may
designate a chairman of any committee, and such chairman or, in the absence of a chairman, any two
(2) members of any committee (if there are at least two (2) members of the committee) may fix the
time and place of its meeting unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise provide. In the absence
of any member of any such committee, the members thereof present at any meeting, whether or not
they constitute a quorum, may appoint another director to act in the place of such absent member.
Section 4. Telephone Meetings.
Members of a committee of the Board of Directors may participate in a meeting by means of a
conference telephone or other communications equipment if all persons participating in the meeting
can hear each other at the same time. Participation in a meeting by these means shall constitute
presence in person at the meeting.
Section 5. Consent by Committees Without a Meeting.
Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of a committee of the Board of
Directors may be taken without a meeting, if a consent in writing or by electronic transmission to
such action is given by each member of the committee and is filed with the minutes of proceedings
of such committee.
Section 6. Removal and Vacancies.
Subject to the provisions hereof, the Board of Directors shall have the power at any time to
change the membership or size of any committee (including the removal of any member of such
committee), to fill any vacancy, to designate an alternate member to replace any absent or
disqualified member or to dissolve any such committee.
ARTICLE V
OFFICERS
Section 1. General Provisions.
The officers of the Corporation shall include a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer and may
include a Chief Executive Officer, one (1) or more Vice Presidents, a Chief Operating Officer, a
Chief Financial Officer, a Chief Investment Officer, a Chief Portfolio Officer, one (1) or more
Assistant Secretaries and one (1) or more Assistant Treasurers. In addition, the Board of Directors
may from time to time elect such other officers with such powers and duties as it shall deem
necessary or desirable. The officers of the Corporation shall be elected annually by the Board of
Directors, except that the Chief Executive Officer or President may from time to time appoint one
or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers or other
18
officers. Each officer shall serve until his or her successor is elected and qualifies or until his
or her death, or his or her resignation or removal in the manner hereinafter provided. Any two (2)
or more offices except President and Vice President may be held by the same person. Election of an
officer or agent shall not of itself create contract rights between the Corporation and such
officer or agent.
Section 2. Removal and Resignation.
Any officer or agent of the Corporation may be removed, with or without cause, by the Board of
Directors if in its judgment the best interests of the Corporation would be served thereby, but
such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed.
Any officer of the Corporation may resign at any time by delivering his or her resignation to the
Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the
President or the Secretary. Any resignation shall take effect immediately upon its receipt or at
such later time specified in the resignation. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be
necessary to make it effective unless otherwise stated in the resignation. Such resignation shall
be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the Corporation.
Section 3. Vacancies.
A vacancy in any office may be filled by the Board of Directors for the balance of the term.
Section 4. Chief Executive Officer.
The Board of Directors may designate a Chief Executive Officer. In the absence of such
designation, the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the
Corporation. The Chief Executive Officer shall have general responsibility for implementation of
the policies of the Corporation, as determined by the Board of Directors, and for the management of
the business and affairs of the Corporation. He or she may execute any deed, mortgage, bond,
contract or other instrument, except in cases where the execution thereof shall be expressly
delegated by the Board of Directors or by these Bylaws to some other officer or agent of the
Corporation or shall be required by law to be otherwise executed; and in general shall perform all
duties incident to the office of Chief Executive Officer and such other duties as may be prescribed
by the Board of Directors from time to time.
Section 5. Chief Operating Officer.
The Board of Directors may designate a Chief Operating Officer. The Chief Operating Officer
shall have the responsibilities and duties as set forth by the Board of Directors or Chief
Executive Officer.
Section 6. Chief Investment Officer.
The Board of Directors may designate a Chief Investment Officer. The Chief Investment Officer
shall have the responsibilities and duties as set forth by the Board of Directors or Chief
Executive Officer.
19
Section 7. Chief Financial Officer.
The Board of Directors may designate a Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer
shall have the responsibilities and duties as set forth by the Board of Directors or Chief
Executive Officer.
Section 8. Chief Portfolio Officer.
The Board of Directors may designate a Chief Portfolio Officer. The Chief Portfolio Officer
shall have the responsibilities and duties as set forth by the Board of Directors or Chief
Executive Officer.
Section 9. President.
In the absence of a Chief Executive Officer, the President shall in general supervise and
control all of the business and affairs of the Corporation. In the absence of a designation of a
Chief Operating Officer by the Board of Directors, the President shall be the Chief Operating
Officer. He or she may execute any deed, mortgage, bond, contract or other instrument, except in
cases where the execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors or by
these Bylaws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation or shall be required by law to be
otherwise executed; and in general shall perform all duties incident to the office of President and
such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors from time to time.
Section 10. Vice Presidents.
In the absence of the President or in the event of a vacancy in such office, the Vice
President (or in the event there be more than one Vice President, Vice Presidents in the order
designated at the time of their election or, in the absence of any designation, then in the order
of their election) shall perform the duties of the President and when so acting shall have all the
powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President; and shall perform such other
duties as from time to time may be assigned to such Vice President by the Chief Executive Officer,
the President or the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may designate one or more Vice
Presidents as Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President or as Vice President for particular
areas of responsibility.
Section 11. Secretary.
The Secretary shall (a) keep the minutes of the proceedings of the stockholders, the Board of
Directors and committees of the Board of Directors in one or more books provided for that purpose;
(b) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws or as
required by law; (c) be custodian of the corporate records and of the seal of the Corporation; (d)
keep a register of the post office address of each stockholder which shall be furnished to the
Secretary by such stockholder; (e) have general charge of the stock transfer books of the
Corporation; and (f) in general perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to
him by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Board of Directors.
20
Section 12. Treasurer.
The Treasurer shall (a) have the custody of the funds and securities of the Corporation, (b)
keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the
Corporation, (c) deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the
Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors and (d) in general
perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the Chief Executive
Officer, the President or the Board of Directors. In the absence of a designation of a Chief
Financial Officer by the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall be the Chief Financial Officer of
the Corporation.
The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of
Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the President and
Board of Directors, at the regular meetings of the Board of Directors or whenever it may so
require, an account of all his or her transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of
the Corporation.
Section 13. Assistant Secretaries; Assistant Treasurers.
The Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers, in general, shall perform such duties as
shall be assigned to them by the Secretary or Treasurer, respectively, or by the Chief Executive
Officer, the President or the Board of Directors.
Section 14. Compensation.
The compensation of the officers shall be fixed from time to time by or under the authority of
the Board of Directors. No officer shall be prevented from receiving such compensation by reason
of the fact that he or she is also a director.
ARTICLE VI
CONTRACTS, CHECKS AND DEPOSITS
Section 1. Contracts.
The Board of Directors or another committee of the Board of Directors within the scope of its
delegated authority may authorize any officer or agent to enter into any contract or to execute and
deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation and such authority may be
general or confined to specific instances. Any agreement, deed, mortgage, lease or other document
shall be valid and binding upon the Corporation when duly authorized or ratified by action of the
Board of Directors or such other committee and executed by an authorized person.
Section 2. Checks and Drafts.
All checks, drafts or other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of
indebtedness issued in the name of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or agent of the
Corporation in such manner as shall from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors.
21
Section 3. Deposits.
All funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited or invested from time
to time to the credit of the Corporation as the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer,
the President, the Chief Financial Officer, or any other officer designated by the Board of
Directors may determine.
ARTICLE VII
STOCK
Section 1. Certificates.
Except as may be otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, stockholders of the Corporation
are not entitled to certificates representing the shares of stock held by them. In the event that
the Corporation issues shares of stock represented by certificates, such certificates shall be in
such form as prescribed by the Board of Directors or a duly authorized officer, shall contain the
statements and information required by the MGCL and shall be signed by the officers of the
Corporation in the manner permitted by the MGCL. In the event that the Corporation issues shares
of stock without certificates, to the extent then required by the MGCL the Corporation shall
provide to the record holders of such shares a written statement of the information required by the
MGCL to be included on stock certificates. There shall be no differences in the rights and
obligations of stockholders based on whether or not their shares are represented by certificates.
Section 2. Transfers.
All transfers of shares of stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation and the books
of the transfer agent of the Corporation, if applicable, by the holder of the shares, in person or
by his or her attorney, in such manner as the Board of Directors or any officer of the Corporation
may prescribe and, if such shares are certificated, upon surrender to the Corporation or, if
authorized by the Corporation, the transfer agent of the Corporation of certificates duly endorsed
or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, the
Corporation, or, if authorized by the Corporation, the transfer agent of the Corporation, shall
issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the
transaction on its books. The issuance of a new certificate upon the transfer of certificated
shares is subject to the determination of the Board of Directors that such shares shall no longer
be represented by certificates. Upon the transfer of any uncertificated shares, to the extent then
required by the MGCL, the Corporation shall provide to the record holders of such shares a written
statement of the information required by the MGCL to be included on stock certificates.
The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share of stock as the
holder in fact thereof and, accordingly, shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other
claim to or interest in such share or on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have
express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise expressly provided by the laws of the State of
Maryland. Notwithstanding the foregoing, transfers of shares of any class or series of stock will
be subject in all respects to the Charter and all of the terms and conditions contained therein.
22
Section 3. Replacement Certificate.
Any officer of the Corporation may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in
place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been
lost, destroyed, stolen or mutilated upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person
claiming the certificate to be lost, destroyed, stolen or mutilated; provided, however, if such
shares have ceased to be certificated, no new certificate shall be issued unless requested in
writing by such stockholder and the Board of Directors has determined that such certificates may be
issued. Unless otherwise determined by an officer of the Corporation, the owner of such lost,
destroyed, stolen or mutilated certificate or certificates, or his or her legal representative,
shall be required, as a condition precedent to the issuance of a new certificate or certificates,
to give the Corporation a bond in such sums as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that
may be made against the Corporation.
Section 4. Fixing of Record Date.
Subject to the provisions of Article II, Section 3, the Board of Directors may set, in
advance, a record date for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote
at any meeting of stockholders or determining stockholders entitled to receive payment of any
dividend or the allotment of any other rights, or in order to make a determination of stockholders
for any other proper purpose. Such date, in any case, shall not be prior to the close of business
on the day the record date is fixed and shall be not more than ninety (90) days and, in the case of
a meeting of stockholders, not less than ten (10) days, before the date on which the meeting or
particular action requiring such determination of stockholders of record is to be held or taken.
When a record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at
any meeting of stockholders has been set as provided in this section, such record date shall
continue to apply to the meeting if adjourned or postponed, except if the meeting is adjourned or
postponed to a date more than one hundred twenty (120) days after the record date originally fixed
for the meeting, in which case a new record date for such meeting may be determined as set forth
herein.
Section 5. Stock Ledger.
The Corporation shall maintain at its principal office or at the office of its counsel,
accountants or transfer agent, an original or duplicate stock ledger containing the name and
address of each stockholder and the number of shares of each class held by such stockholder.
Section 6. Fractional Stock; Issuance Of Units.
The Board of Directors may authorize the Corporation to issue fractional stock or authorize
the issuance of scrip, all on such terms and under such conditions as it may determine.
Notwithstanding any other provision of the Charter or these Bylaws, the Board of Directors may
issue units consisting of different securities of the Corporation. Any security issued in a unit
shall have the same characteristics as any identical securities issued by the Corporation, except
that the Board of Directors may provide that for a specified period securities of the Corporation
issued in such unit may be transferred on the books of the Corporation only in such unit.
23
ARTICLE VIII
ACCOUNTING YEAR
The Board of Directors shall have the power, from time to time, to fix the fiscal year of the
Corporation by a duly adopted resolution.
ARTICLE IX
DISTRIBUTIONS
Section 1. Authorization.
Dividends and other distributions upon the stock of the Corporation may be authorized by the
Board of Directors, subject to the provisions of law and the Charter. Dividends and other
distributions may be paid in cash, property or stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions
of law and the Charter.
Section 2. Contingencies.
Before payment of any dividends or other distributions, there may be set aside out of any
assets of the Corporation available for dividends or other distributions such sum or sums as the
Board of Directors may from time to time, in its absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve
fund for contingencies, for equalizing dividends, for repairing or maintaining any property of the
Corporation or for such other purpose as the Board of Directors shall determine, and the Board of
Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve.
ARTICLE X
INVESTMENT POLICIES
Subject to the provisions of the Charter, the Board of Directors may from time to time adopt,
amend, revise or terminate any policy or policies with respect to investments by the Corporation as
it shall deem appropriate in its sole discretion.
ARTICLE XI
SEAL
Section 1. Seal.
The Board of Directors may authorize the adoption of a seal by the Corporation. The seal shall
contain the name of the Corporation and the year of its incorporation, and the words Incorporated
Maryland. The Board of Directors may authorize one or more duplicate seals and provide for the
custody thereof.
24
Section 2. Affixing Seal.
Whenever the Corporation is permitted or required to affix its seal to a document, it shall be
sufficient to meet the requirements of any law, rule or regulation relating to a seal to place the
word (SEAL) adjacent to the signature of the person authorized to execute the document on behalf
of the Corporation.
ARTICLE XII
INDEMNIFICATION AND ADVANCE OF EXPENSES
To the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, the Corporation
shall indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to
indemnification, shall pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a
proceeding to (a) any individual who is a present or former director or officer of the Corporation
and who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service
in that capacity or (b) any individual who, while a director or officer of the Corporation and at
the request of the Corporation, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner, trustee,
member or manager of another corporation, real estate investment trust, limited liability company,
partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made or
threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity.
The rights to indemnification and advance of expenses provided by the Charter and these Bylaws
shall vest immediately upon election of a director or officer. The Corporation may, with the
approval of its Board of Directors, provide such indemnification and advance for expenses to an
individual who served a predecessor of the Corporation in any of the capacities described in (a) or
(b) above and to any employee or agent of the Corporation or a predecessor of the Corporation. The
indemnification and payment or reimbursement of expenses provided in these Bylaws shall not be
deemed exclusive of or limit in any way other rights to which any person seeking indemnification or
payment or reimbursement of expenses may be or may become entitled under any bylaw, resolution,
insurance, agreement or otherwise.
Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Article XII, nor the adoption or amendment of any
other provision of the Charter or these Bylaws inconsistent with this Article XII, shall apply to
or affect in any respect the applicability of the preceding paragraph with respect to any act or
failure to act which occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.
ARTICLE XIII
WAIVER OF NOTICE
Whenever any notice of a meeting is required to be given pursuant to the Charter or these
Bylaws or pursuant to applicable law, a waiver thereof in writing or by electronic transmission,
given by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after the time stated
therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice. Neither the business to be
transacted at nor the purpose of any meeting need be set forth in the waiver of notice of such
meeting, unless specifically required by statute. The attendance of any person at any meeting shall
constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where such person attends a meeting
25
for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the
meeting has not been lawfully called or convened.
ARTICLE XIV
AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS
The Board of Directors shall have the exclusive power to adopt, alter or repeal any provision
of these Bylaws and to make new Bylaws.
26
exv4w1
Exhibit 4.1
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SEE REVERSE FOR IMPORTANT NOTICE |
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ON TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS AND OTHER INFORMATION |
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THIS CERTIFICATE IS TRANSFERABLE
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CUSIP |
IN THE CITIES OF
ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC.
a Corporation Formed Under the Laws of the State of Maryland
THIS CERTIFIES THAT **Specimen** is the owner of **Zero (0)** fully paid and nonassessable
shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, of
Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
(the Corporation) transferable on the books of the Corporation by the holder hereof in person or
by its duly authorized attorney, upon surrender of this Certificate properly endorsed. This
Certificate and the shares represented hereby are issued and shall be held subject to all of the
provisions of the charter of the Corporation (the Charter) and the Bylaws of the Corporation and
any amendments or supplements thereto. This Certificate is not valid unless countersigned and
registered by the Transfer Agent and Registrar.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused this Certificate to be executed on its behalf
by its duly authorized officers.
DATED:
Countersigned and Registered:
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Transfer Agent |
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(SEAL) |
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and Registrar
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Chief Executive Officer
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By: |
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Authorized Signature
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Secretary
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IMPORTANT NOTICE
The Corporation will furnish to any stockholder, on request and without charge, a full
statement of the information required by Section 2-211(b) of the Corporations and Associations
Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland with respect to the designations and any preferences,
conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other
distributions, qualifications, and terms and conditions of redemption of the stock of each class
which the Corporation has authority to issue and, if the Corporation is authorized to issue any
preferred or special class in series, (i) the differences in the relative rights and preferences
between the shares of each series to the extent set, and (ii) the authority of the Board of
Directors to set such rights and preferences of subsequent series. The foregoing summary does not
purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the Charter,
a copy of which will be sent without charge to each stockholder who so requests. Such request must
be made to the Secretary of the Corporation at its principal office.
The shares represented by this certificate are subject to restrictions on Beneficial Ownership and
Constructive Ownership and Transfer. All capitalized terms in this legend have the meanings
defined in the Charter of the Corporation, as the same may be amended from time to time, a copy of
which, including the restrictions on transfer and ownership, will be furnished to each holder of
Capital Stock of the Corporation on request and without charge. Requests for such a copy may be
directed to the Secretary of the Corporation at its principal office.
KEEP THIS CERTIFICATE IN A SAFE PLACE. IF IT IS LOST, STOLEN OR DESTROYED, THE CORPORATION WILL
REQUIRE A BOND OF INDEMNITY AS A
CONDITION TO THE ISSUANCE OF A REPLACEMENT CERTIFICATE.
The following abbreviations, when used in the inscription on the face of this Certificate,
shall be construed as though they were written out in full according to applicable laws or
regulations:
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TEN COM
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as tenants in common
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UNIF GIFT MIN ACT
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Custodian
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TEN ENT
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as tenants by the entireties
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JT TEN |
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as joint tenants with right of |
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Under the Uniform Gifts to Minors Act of |
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survivorship and not as tenants in common
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(State) |
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FOR VALUE RECEIVED, HEREBY SELLS, ASSIGNS AND TRANSFERS UNTO
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(PRINT
OR TYPE NAME & ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE & SS# OR OTHER IDENTIFYING NUMBER, OF ASSIGNEE) |
( ) shares of stock of the Corporation represented by this Certificate and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint
attorney to transfer the said shares on the books of the Corporation, with full power of substitution in the premises.
Dated:
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NOTICE: The Signature To This Assignment Must Correspond With The Name As Written Upon The Face Of The Certificate In
Every Particular, Without Alteration Or Enlargement Or Any Other Change.
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exv5w1
Exhibit 5.1
July 11, 2011
Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
3305 Flamingo Drive,
Vero Beach, Florida 32963
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Re: |
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Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-173890) |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have served as Maryland counsel to Orchid Island Capital, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the
Company), in connection with certain matters of Maryland law relating to the registration by the
Company of shares (the Shares) of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Company, having
an aggregate gross public offering price of up to $115,000,000. The Shares are covered by the
above-referenced Registration Statement, and all amendments thereto (the Registration Statement),
filed by the Company with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission)
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act).
In connection with our representation of the Company, and as a basis for the opinion
hereinafter set forth, we have examined originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified to
our satisfaction, of the following documents (hereinafter collectively referred to as the
Documents):
1. The Registration Statement and the related form of prospectus included therein in the form
in which it was transmitted to the Commission under the 1933 Act;
2. The charter of the Company, certified by the State Department of Assessments and Taxation
of Maryland (the SDAT);
3. The form of Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Company to be filed prior to the
issuance of the Shares (the Charter), certified as of the date hereof by an officer of the
Company;
4. The Bylaws of the Company, certified as of the date hereof by an officer of the Company;
5. A certificate of the SDAT as to the good standing of the Company, dated as of a recent
date;
Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
July 11, 2011
Page 2
6. Resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company (the Board) relating to,
among other matters, the authorization of the sale, issuance and registration of the Shares (the
Resolutions), certified as of the date hereof by an officer of the Company;
7. A certificate executed by an officer of the Company, dated as of the date hereof; and
8. Such other documents and matters as we have deemed necessary or appropriate to express the
opinion set forth below, subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications stated herein.
In expressing the opinion set forth below, we have assumed the following:
1. Each individual executing any of the Documents, whether on behalf of such individual or
another person, is legally competent to do so.
2. Each individual executing any of the Documents on behalf of a party (other than the
Company) is duly authorized to do so.
3. Each of the parties (other than the Company) executing any of the Documents has duly and
validly executed and delivered each of the Documents to which such party is a signatory, and such
partys obligations set forth therein are legal, valid and binding and are enforceable in
accordance with all stated terms.
4. All Documents submitted to us as originals are authentic. The form and content of all
Documents submitted to us as unexecuted drafts do not differ in any respect relevant to this
opinion from the form and content of such Documents as executed and delivered. All Documents
submitted to us as certified or photostatic copies conform to the original documents. All
signatures on all Documents are genuine. All public records reviewed or relied upon by us or on
our behalf are true and complete. All representations, warranties, statements and information
contained in the Documents are true and complete. There has been no oral or written modification
of or amendment to any of the Documents, and there has been no waiver of any provision of any of
the Documents, by action or omission of the parties or otherwise.
5. Prior to the issuance of the Shares, a pricing committee of the Board will determine the
number, and certain terms of issuance, of the Shares in accordance with the Resolutions, and the
Charter will be filed with and accepted for record by the SDAT (the Corporate Proceedings).
6. The Shares will not be issued or transferred in violation of the restrictions on transfer
and ownership contained in Article VII of the Charter.
Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
July 11, 2011
Page 3
Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications
stated herein, it is our opinion that:
1. The Company is a corporation duly incorporated and existing under and by virtue of the laws
of the State of Maryland and is in good standing with the SDAT.
2. The issuance of the Shares has been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered by the
Company in accordance with the Resolutions, the Corporate Proceedings and the Registration
Statement against payment of the consideration set forth therein, the Shares will be validly
issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
The foregoing opinion is limited to the laws of the State of Maryland and we do not express
any opinion herein concerning any other law. We express no opinion as to the applicability or
effect of federal or state securities laws, including the securities laws of the State of Maryland,
or as to federal or state laws regarding fraudulent transfers. To the extent that any matter as to
which our opinion is expressed herein would be governed by the laws of any jurisdiction other than
the State of Maryland, we do not express any opinion on such matter. The opinion expressed herein
is subject to the effect of any judicial decision which may permit the introduction of parol
evidence to modify the terms or the interpretation of agreements.
The opinion expressed herein is limited to the matters specifically set forth herein and no
other opinion shall be inferred beyond the matters expressly stated. We assume no obligation to
supplement this opinion if any applicable law changes after the date hereof or if we become aware
of any fact that might change the opinion expressed herein after the date hereof.
This opinion is being furnished to you for submission to the Commission as an exhibit to the
Registration Statement. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the
Registration Statement and to the use of the name of our firm therein. In giving this consent, we
do not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required by Section 7 of
the 1933 Act.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Venable LLP
120417-303702
exv8w1
Exhibit 8.1
HUNTON & WILLIAMS LLP
RIVERFRONT PLAZA, EAST TOWER
951 EAST BYRD STREET
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 23219-4074
TEL 804 788 8200
FAX 804 788 8218
FILE NO: 78000.2
July 11, 2011
Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
3305 Flamingo Drive, Suite 100
Vero Beach, Florida 32963
Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
Qualification as Real Estate Investment Trust
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as special tax counsel to Orchid Island Capital, Inc., a Maryland corporation
(the Company), in connection with the preparation of a Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File
No. 333-173890) (the Registration Statement), including a prospectus and all documents
incorporated by reference therein (the Prospectus), filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on May 3, 2011, as amended through the date hereof, with respect to the offer and sale
of 8,625,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01, of the Company (the Offering). You have
requested our opinion regarding certain U.S. federal income tax matters in connection with the
Offering.
In giving this opinion letter, we have examined the following:
1. the Registration Statement, including the Prospectus;
2. the Companys Articles of Incorporation filed on August 17, 2010 with the Department of
Assessments and Taxation of the State of Maryland (the SDAT), and the Articles of Amendment and
Restatement (the Amended Articles), in the form attached as an exhibit to the Registration
Statement;
3. the Companys Amended and Restated Bylaws (the Amended Bylaws), in the form attached as an
exhibit to the Registration Statement;
ATLANTA AUSTIN BANGKOK BEIJING BRUSSELS CHARLOTTE DALLAS HOUSTON LONDON LOS ANGELES
McLEAN MIAMI NEW YORK NORFOLK RALEIGH RICHMOND SAN FRANCISCO WASHINGTON
www.hunton.com
Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
July 11, 2011
Page 2
4. the Officers Certificate (as defined below);
5. the Management Agreement, by and among the Company and Bimini Advisors, Inc., a Maryland
corporation (the Management Agreement), in the form attached as an exhibit to the Registration
Statement; and
6. such other documents as we have deemed necessary or appropriate for purposes of this opinion.
In connection with the opinions rendered below, we have assumed, with your consent, that:
1. each of the documents referred to above has been duly authorized, executed, and delivered; is
authentic, if an original, or is accurate, if a copy; and has not been amended;
2. the Amended Articles, the Amended Bylaws and the Management Agreement will be executed,
delivered, adopted, and filed, as applicable, in a form substantially similar to the forms filed as
exhibits to the Registration Statement;
3. during its taxable year ending December 31, 2011, and future taxable years, the Company will
operate in a manner that will make the factual representations contained in a certificate, dated
the date hereof and executed by a duly appointed officer of the Company (the Officers
Certificate), true for such years, without regard to any qualifications as to knowledge or belief;
4. the Company will not make any amendments to its organizational documents after the date of this
opinion that would affect its qualification as a REIT (as defined below) for any taxable year; and
5. no action will be taken by the Company after the date hereof that would have the effect of
altering the facts upon which the opinions set forth below are based.
In connection with the opinions rendered below, we also have relied upon the correctness,
without regard to any qualifications as to knowledge or belief, of the factual representations
contained in the Officers Certificate. No facts have come to our attention that would cause us to
question the accuracy and completeness of such factual representations. Furthermore, where such
factual representations involve terms defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
Code), the Treasury regulations thereunder (the
Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
July 11, 2011
Page 3
Regulations), published rulings of the Internal Revenue Service (the Service), or other
relevant authority, we have explained to the individuals making such representations the relevant
provisions of the Code, the applicable Regulations and published administrative interpretations
thereof.
Based solely on the documents and assumptions set forth above, the representations set forth
in the Officers Certificate, and the factual matters discussed in the Prospectus under the caption
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations (which is incorporated herein by reference), we
are of the opinion that:
(a) commencing with its taxable year ending December 31, 2011, the Company will be organized
in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a real estate
investment trust pursuant to sections 856 through 860 of the Code (a REIT), and the
Companys intended method of operation will enable it to satisfy the requirements for
qualification and taxation as a REIT for its taxable year ending December 31, 2011 and
thereafter; and
(b) the descriptions of the law and the legal conclusions contained in the Prospectus under
the caption Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations are correct in all material
respects.
We will not review on a continuing basis the Companys compliance with the documents or
assumptions set forth above, or the representations set forth in the Officers Certificate.
Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results of the Companys operations for any
given taxable year will satisfy the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT.
Although we have made such inquiries and performed such investigations as we have deemed necessary
to fulfill our professional responsibilities as counsel, we have not undertaken an independent
investigation of all of the facts referred to in this letter or the Officers Certificate.
The foregoing opinions are based on current provisions of the Code, the Regulations, published
administrative interpretations thereof, and published court decisions. The Service has not issued
Regulations or administrative interpretations with respect to various provisions of the Code
relating to REIT qualification. No assurance can be given that the law will not change in a way
that will prevent the Company from qualifying as a REIT.
The foregoing opinions are limited to the U.S. federal income tax matters addressed herein,
and no other opinions are rendered with respect to other U.S. federal tax matters or to any issues
arising under the tax laws of any other country, or any state or
Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
July 11, 2011
Page 4
locality. We undertake no obligation to update the opinions expressed herein after the date of
this letter. This opinion letter speaks only as of the date hereof. Except as provided in the
next paragraph, this opinion letter may not be distributed, quoted in whole or in part or otherwise
reproduced in any document, or filed with any governmental agency without our express written
consent.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement.
We also consent to the references to Hunton & Williams LLP under the captions Prospectus
SummaryTax Structure, Risk FactorsU.S. Federal Income Tax Risks, BusinessTax Structure,
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations and Legal Matters in the Prospectus. In giving
this consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required by
Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the rules and regulations promulgated
thereunder by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Very truly yours,
01655/10510
exv10w1
Exhibit 10.1
MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT
by and between
Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
and
Bimini Advisors, Inc.
Dated as of [ ], 2011
MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT, dated as of [ ], 2011, by and between Orchid Island Capital, Inc.,
a Maryland corporation (the Company) and Bimini Advisors, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the
Manager).
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, the Company is a recently-formed corporation which invests in residential mortgage-backed
securities (RMBS) the principal and interest payments of which are guaranteed by the Federal
National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation or the Government
National Mortgage Association, and are backed by primarily single-family residential mortgage loans
(collectively, Agency RMBS). The Companys investment strategy focuses on two categories of
Agency RMBS: (i) traditional pass-through Agency RMBS and (ii) structured Agency RMBS, such as
collateralized mortgage obligations, interest only securities, inverse interest only securities and
principal only securities, among other types of structured Agency RMBS. The Company intends to
qualify as a real estate investment trust for federal income tax purposes and will elect to receive
the tax benefits accorded by Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the Code);
WHEREAS, the Manager is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bimini Capital Management, Inc. (Bimini);
and
WHEREAS, the Company desires to retain the Manager to administer the business activities and
day-to-day operations of the Company and to perform services for the Company in the manner and on
the terms set forth herein and the Manager wishes to be retained to provide such services.
NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and agreements hereinafter set forth, the parties
hereto hereby agree as follows:
Section 1. Definitions.
(a) The following terms shall have the meanings set forth in this Section 1(a):
Affiliate means (i) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common
control with such other Person, (ii) any executive officer, general partner or employee of such
other Person, (iii) any member of the board of directors or board of managers (or bodies performing
similar functions) of such Person, and (iv) any legal entity for which such Person acts as an
executive officer or general partner.
Agency RMBS has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
Agreement means this Management Agreement, as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from
time to time.
Automatic Renewal Term has the meaning set forth in Section 10(b) hereof.
Bimini has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
Board of Directors means the board of directors of the Company.
Business Day means any day except a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in
New York, New York are not required to be open.
Change of Control means the occurrence of any of the following:
(i) the sale, lease or transfer, in one or a series of related transactions, of all or
substantially all of the assets (x) of the Manager to any Person other than any Affiliate of the
Manager or (y) of Bimini to any Person other than any affiliate of Bimini; or
(ii) the acquisition by any Person or group (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) or Section
14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act, or any successor provision), including any group acting for the
purpose of acquiring, holding or
2
disposing of securities (within the meaning of Rule 13d-5(b)(1)
under the Exchange Act), other than any Affiliate of
the Manager (in the case of Manager Voting Power, as defined below) or Bimini (in the case of
Bimini Voting Power, as defined below), in a single transaction or in a related series of
transactions, by way of merger, consolidation or other business combination or purchase of
beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, or any successor
provision) of 50% or more of the total voting power of the voting capital interests of the Manager
(Manager Voting Power) or of Bimini (Bimini Voting Power).
Claim has the meaning set forth in Section 8(c) hereof.
Closing Date means the date of closing of the Initial Offering.
Code has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
Common Stock means the common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company.
Company has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
Company Indemnified Party has the meaning set forth in Section 8(b) hereof.
Conduct Policies has the meaning set forth in Section 2(k) hereof.
Confidential Information has the meaning set forth in Section 5 hereof.
Effective Termination Date has the meaning set forth in Section 10(c) hereof.
Equity means the Companys month-end stockholders equity, adjusted to exclude the effect of any
unrealized gains or losses included in either retained earnings or other comprehensive income
(loss), each computed in accordance with GAAP.
Exchange Act means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
GAAP means generally accepted accounting principles in effect in the United States on the date
such principles are applied.
Governing Instruments means, with regard to any entity, the articles of incorporation or
certificate of incorporation and bylaws in the case of a corporation, the partnership agreement in
the case of a general or limited partnership or the certificate of formation and operating
agreement in the case of a limited liability company, the trust instrument in the case of a trust,
or similar governing documents in each case as amended.
Indemnified Party has the meaning set forth in Section 8(b) hereof.
Independent Director means a member of the Board of Directors who is independent in accordance
with the Companys Governing Instruments and the rules of the NYSE or such other securities
exchange on which the shares of Common Stock are listed.
Initial Offering means the Companys sale of Common Stock to investors in an underwritten initial
public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement of the Company filed with the SEC.
Investment Allocation Agreement means an agreement among the Company, the Manager and Bimini
describing, among other things, the policies to be followed by the Manager and Bimini in allocating
investments among the parties thereto and any other entities that may be managed by the Manager.
Investment Committee means the investment committee formed by the Manager, the members of which
shall consist of officers of the Manager and/or other Affiliates of the Manager, including but not
limited to Bimini.
3
Initial Term has the meaning set forth in Section 10(a) hereof.
Investment Company Act means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
Investment Guidelines means the investment guidelines proposed by the Investment Committee and
approved by the Board of Directors, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit A, as the
same may be amended, restated, modified, supplemented or waived by the Investment Committee,
subject to the consent of a majority of the entire Board of Directors (which must include a
majority of the then incumbent Independent Directors).
Losses has the meaning set forth in Section 8(a) hereof.
Management Fee means the management fee, calculated and payable monthly in arrears, in an amount
equal to (i) one-twelfth (1/12) multiplied by (ii)(a) 1.50% of the first $250,000,000 of Equity, (b) 1.25% of
Equity that is greater than $250,000,000 and less than or equal to $500,000,000, and (c) 1.00% of Equity that is
greater than $500,000,000.
Manager has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
Manager Indemnified Party has the meaning set forth in Section 8(a) hereof.
Manager Permitted Disclosure Parties has the meaning set forth in Section 5 hereof.
NYSE means The New York Stock Exchange.
Notice of Proposal to Negotiate has the meaning set forth in Section 10(d) hereof.
Overhead Sharing Agreement means an agreement between the Manager and Bimini whereby Bimini
agrees to provide the Manager with the personnel, services and resources necessary for the Manager
to perform its obligations and responsibilities under this Agreement.
Person means any natural person, corporation, partnership, association, limited liability
company, estate, trust, joint venture, any federal, state, county or municipal government or any
bureau, department or agency thereof or any other legal entity and any fiduciary acting in such
capacity on behalf of the foregoing.
REIT means a real estate investment trust as defined under the Code.
RMBS has the same meaning set forth in the Recitals.
SEC means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
Securities Act means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Subsidiary means any subsidiary of the Company and any partnership, the general partner of which
is the Company or any subsidiary of the Company, and any limited liability company, the managing
member of which is the Company or any subsidiary of the Company.
Termination Fee means a termination fee equal to three (3) times the average annual Management
Fee earned by the Manager during the shorter of (i) the 24-month period immediately preceding the
most recently completed calendar quarter prior to the Effective Termination Date, or (ii) the
period beginning on the date of this Agreement and ending on the most recently completed calendar
quarter prior to the Effective Termination Date.
Termination Notice has the meaning set forth in Section 10(c) hereof.
Termination Without Cause has the meaning set forth in Section 10(c) hereof.
4
(b) As used herein, accounting terms relating to the Company and its Subsidiaries, if any, not
defined in Section 1(a) and accounting terms partly defined in Section 1(a), to the
extent not defined, shall have the respective
meanings given to them under GAAP. As used herein, calendar quarters shall mean the period from
January 1 to March 31, April 1 to June 30, July 1 to September 30 and October 1 to December 31 of
the applicable year.
(c) The words hereof, herein and hereunder and words of similar import when used in this
Agreement shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this
Agreement, and Section references are to this Agreement unless otherwise specified.
(d) The meanings given to terms defined herein shall be equally applicable to both the singular and
plural forms of such terms. The words include, includes and including shall be deemed to be
followed by the phrase without limitation.
Section 2. Appointment and Duties of the Manager.
(a) The Company hereby appoints the Manager to manage the investments and day-to-day operations of
the Company and its Subsidiaries, subject at all times to the further terms and conditions set
forth in this Agreement and to the supervision of, and such further limitations or parameters as
may be imposed from time to time by, the Board of Directors. The Manager hereby agrees to use its
commercially reasonable efforts to perform each of the duties set forth herein, provided that funds
are made available by the Company for such purposes as set forth in Section 7 hereof. The
appointment of the Manager shall be exclusive to the Manager, except to the extent that the Manager
elects, in its sole and absolute discretion, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, to
cause the duties of the Manager as set forth herein to be provided by third parties.
(b) The Manager, in its capacity as manager of the investments and the operations of the Company,
at all times will be subject to the supervision and direction of the Board of Directors and will
have only such functions and authority as the Board of Directors may delegate to it, including,
without limitation, the functions and authority identified herein and delegated to the Manager
hereby. The Manager will be responsible for the day-to-day operations of the Company and will
perform (or cause to be performed) such services and activities relating to the investments and
operations of the Company as may be appropriate, which may include, without limitation:
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(i) |
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forming and maintaining the Investment Committee, which will have the
following responsibilities: (A) proposing the Investment Guidelines to the Board of
Directors, (B) reviewing the Companys investment portfolio for compliance with the
Investment Guidelines on a monthly basis, (C) reviewing the Investment Guidelines adopted
by the Board of Directors on a periodic basis, (D) reviewing the diversification of the
Companys investment portfolio and the Companys hedging and financing strategies on a
monthly basis, and (E) generally be responsible for conducting or overseeing the
provision of the services set forth in this Section 2. |
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(ii) |
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serving as the Companys consultant with respect to the periodic review of the
investments, borrowings and operations of the Company and other policies and
recommendations with respect thereto, including, without limitation, the Investment
Guidelines, in each case subject to the approval of the Board of Directors; |
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(iii) |
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serving as the Companys consultant with respect to the selection, purchase,
monitoring and disposition of the Companys investments; |
5
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(iv) |
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serving as the Companys consultant with respect to decisions regarding any
financings, hedging activities or borrowings undertaken by the Company or its
Subsidiaries, including (1) assisting the
Company in developing criteria for debt and equity financing that is specifically
tailored to the Companys investment objectives, and (2) advising the Company with
respect to obtaining appropriate financing for its investments; |
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(v) |
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purchasing and financing investments on behalf of the Company; |
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(vi) |
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providing the Company with portfolio management; |
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(vii) |
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engaging and supervising, on behalf of the Company and at the Companys expense,
independent contractors that provide real estate, investment banking, securities
brokerage, insurance, legal, accounting, transfer agent, registrar and such other
services as may be required relating to the Companys operations or investments (or
potential investments); |
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(viii) |
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providing executive and administrative personnel, office space and office services
required in rendering services to the Company; |
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(ix) |
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performing and supervising the performance of administrative functions necessary in
the management of the Company as may be agreed upon by the Manager and the Board of
Directors, including, without limitation, the collection of revenues and the payment of
the Companys debts and obligations and maintenance of appropriate information technology
services to perform such administrative functions; |
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(x) |
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communicating on behalf of the Company with the holders of any equity or debt
securities of the Company as required to satisfy the reporting and other requirements of
any governmental bodies or agencies or trading exchanges or markets and to maintain
effective relations with such holders, including website maintenance, logo design,
analyst presentations, investor conferences and annual meeting arrangements; |
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(xi) |
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counseling the Company in connection with policy decisions to be made by the Board
of Directors; |
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(xii) |
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evaluating and recommending to the Company hedging strategies and engaging in
hedging activities on behalf of the Company, consistent with the Companys qualification
and maintenance of the Companys qualification as a REIT and with the Investment
Guidelines; |
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(xiii) |
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counseling the Company regarding its qualification and the maintenance of its
qualification as a REIT and monitoring compliance with the various REIT qualification
tests and other rules set out in the Code and U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated
thereunder; |
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(xiv) |
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counseling the Company regarding the maintenance of its exemption from status as
an investment company under the Investment Company Act and monitoring compliance with the
requirements for maintaining such exemption; |
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(xv) |
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furnishing reports and statistical and economic research to the Company regarding
the activities and services performed for the Company or its Subsidiaries, if any, by the
Manager; |
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(xvi) |
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monitoring the operating performance of the Companys investments and providing
periodic reports with respect thereto to the Board of Directors, including comparative
information with respect to such operating performance and budgeted or projected
operating results; |
6
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(xvii) |
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investing and re-investing any monies and securities of the Company (including in
short-term investments, payment of fees, costs and expenses, or payments of dividends or
distributions to
stockholders of the Company) and advising the Company as to its capital structure and
capital-raising activities; |
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(xviii) |
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causing the Company to retain qualified accountants and legal counsel, as applicable,
to (i) assist in developing appropriate accounting procedures, internal controls,
compliance procedures and testing systems with respect to financial reporting obligations
and compliance with the provisions of the Code applicable to REITs and, if applicable,
taxable REIT subsidiaries and (ii) conduct quarterly compliance reviews with respect
thereto; |
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(xix) |
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causing the Company to qualify to do business in all jurisdictions in which such
qualification is required and to obtain and maintain all appropriate licenses; |
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(xx) |
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assisting the Company in complying with all regulatory requirements applicable to
the Company in respect of its business activities, including preparing or causing to be
prepared all financial statements required under applicable regulations and contractual
undertakings and all reports and documents, if any, required under the Exchange Act or
the Securities Act or by the NYSE or other stock exchange requirements as applicable; |
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(xxi) |
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taking all necessary actions to enable the Company and any Subsidiaries to make
required tax filings and reports, including soliciting stockholders for required
information to the extent necessary under the Code and U.S. Treasury regulations
applicable to REITs; |
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(xxii) |
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handling and resolving all claims, disputes or controversies (including all litigation,
arbitration, settlement or other proceedings or negotiations) in which the Company may be
involved or to which the Company may be subject arising out of the Companys day-to-day
operations; |
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(xxiii) |
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arranging marketing materials, advertising, industry group activities (such as
conference participations and industry organization memberships) and other promotional
efforts designed to promote the business of the Company; |
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(xxiv) |
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using commercially reasonable efforts to cause expenses incurred by or on behalf of the
Company to be commercially reasonable or commercially customary and within any budgeted
parameters or expense guidelines set by the Board of Directors from time to time; |
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(xxv) |
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performing such other services as may be required from time to time for the
management and other activities relating to the assets, business and operations of the
Company as the Board of Directors shall reasonably request or the Manager shall deem
appropriate under the particular circumstances; and |
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(xxvi) |
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using commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Company to comply with all
applicable laws. |
(c) The Manager may retain, for and on behalf, and at the sole cost and expense, of the Company,
such services of the persons and firms referred to in Section 7(b) hereof as the Manager
deems necessary or advisable in connection with the management and operations of the Company. In
performing its duties under this Section 2, the Manager shall be entitled to rely
reasonably on qualified experts and professionals (including, without limitation, accountants,
legal counsel and other professional service providers) hired by the Manager at the Companys sole
cost and expense.
7
(d) The Manager shall refrain from any action that, in its sole judgment made in good faith, (i) is
not in compliance with the Investment Guidelines, (ii) would adversely affect the qualification of
the Company as a REIT
under the Code or the Companys or any Subsidiarys status as an entity excluded from investment
company status under the Investment Company Act, or (iii) would violate any law, rule or regulation
of any governmental body or agency having jurisdiction over the Company or of any exchange on which
the securities of the Company may be listed or that would otherwise not be permitted by the
Companys Governing Instruments, the Conduct Policies or other Company compliance or governance
policies or procedures. If the Manager is ordered to take any action by the Board of Directors, the
Manager shall promptly notify the Board of Directors if it is the Managers judgment that such
action would adversely affect the qualification of the Company as a REIT or the Companys or any
Subsidiarys status as an entity excluded from investment company status under the Investment
Company Act or violate any such law, rule or regulation or the Companys Governing Instruments.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither the Manager nor any of its Affiliates shall be liable to the
Company, the Board of Directors or the Companys stockholders for any act or omission by the
Manager or any of its Affiliates, except as provided in Section 8 of this Agreement.
(e) The Company (including the Board of Directors) agrees to take all actions reasonably required
to permit and enable the Manager to carry out its duties and obligations under this Agreement,
including, without limitation, all steps reasonably necessary to allow the Manager to file any
registration statement or other filing required to be made under the Securities Act, Exchange Act,
the NYSE, the Code or other applicable law, rule or regulation on behalf of the Company in a timely
manner. The Company further agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to make available to the
Manager all resources, information and materials reasonably requested by the Manager to enable the
Manager to satisfy its obligations hereunder, including its obligations to deliver financial
statements and any other information or reports with respect to the Company. If the Manager is not
able to provide a service, or in the reasonable judgment of the Manager it is not prudent to
provide a service, without the approval of the Board of Directors, as applicable, then the Manager
shall be excused from providing such service (and shall not be in breach of this Agreement) until
the applicable approval has been obtained.
(f) Reporting Requirements. (i) As frequently as the Manager may deem reasonably necessary or
advisable, or at the direction of the Board of Directors, the Manager shall prepare, or, at the
sole cost and expense of the Company, cause to be prepared, with respect to any investment, reports
and other information with respect to such investment as may be reasonably requested by the
Company.
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(i) |
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The Manager shall prepare, or, at the sole cost and expense of the Company, cause
to be prepared, all reports, financial or otherwise, with respect to the Company
reasonably required by the Board of Directors in order for the Company to comply with its
Governing Instruments, or any other materials required to be filed with any governmental
body or agency, and shall prepare, or, at the sole cost and expense of the Company, cause
to be prepared, all materials and data necessary to complete such reports and other
materials including, without limitation, an annual audit of the Companys books of
account by a nationally recognized independent accounting firm. |
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(ii) |
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The Manager shall prepare, or, at the sole cost and expense to the Company, cause
to be prepared, regular reports for the Board of Directors to enable the Board of
Directors to review the Companys acquisitions, portfolio composition and
characteristics, credit quality, performance and compliance with the Investment
Guidelines and policies approved by the Board of Directors. |
(g) Directors, officers, employees and agents of the Manager, Bimini or their respective Affiliates
may serve as directors, officers, agents, nominees or signatories for the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries, to the extent permitted by their Governing Instruments and pursuant to the Overhead
Sharing Agreement. When executing
8
documents or otherwise acting in such capacities for the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries, such Persons shall indicate in what capacity they are executing on
behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. Without limiting
the foregoing, but subject to Section 12 below, the Manager will provide the Company with a
management team, including a Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Investment
Officer or similar positions, along with appropriate support personnel to provide the management
services to be provided by the Manager to the Company hereunder, who shall devote such of their
time to the management of the Company as necessary and appropriate, commensurate with the level of
activity of the Company from time to time.
(h) The Manager shall provide personnel for service on the Investment Committee.
(i) The Manager shall maintain reasonable and customary errors and omissions insurance coverage
and other customary insurance coverage.
(j) The Manager shall provide such internal audit, compliance and control services as may be
required for the Company to comply with applicable law (including the Securities Act and Exchange
Act), regulation (including SEC regulations) and the rules and requirements of the NYSE or such
other securities exchange on which the Common Stock may be listed and as otherwise reasonably
requested by the Company or its Board of Directors from time to time.
(k) The Manager acknowledges receipt of the Companys Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, Code of
Ethics for Senior Financial Officers, Insider Trading Policy and Regulation FD Policy
(collectively, the Conduct Policies) and agrees to require the persons who provide services to
the Company to comply with such Conduct Policies in the performance of such services hereunder or
such comparable policies as shall in substance hold such persons to at least the standards of
conduct set forth in the Conduct Policies.
Section 3. Additional Activities of the Manager; Non-Solicitation; Restrictions.
(a) Except as provided in the Conduct Policies, the last sentence of this Section 3(a), the
Investment Guidelines and/or the Investment Allocation Agreement, nothing in this Agreement shall
(i) prevent the Manager or any of its Affiliates, officers, directors or employees, from engaging
in other businesses or from rendering services of any kind to any other Person or entity, whether
or not the investment objectives or policies of any such other Person or entity are similar to
those of the Company or (ii) in any way bind or restrict the Manager or any of its Affiliates,
officers, directors or employees from buying, selling or trading any securities or commodities for
their own accounts or for the account of others for whom the Manager or any of its Affiliates,
officers, directors or employees may be acting. While information and recommendations supplied to
the Company shall, in the Managers reasonable and good faith judgment, be appropriate under the
circumstances and in light of the investment objectives and policies of the Company, they may be
different from the information and recommendations supplied by the Manager or any Affiliate of the
Manager to others. The Company shall be entitled to equitable treatment under the circumstances in
receiving information, recommendations and any other services, but the Company recognizes that it
is not entitled to receive preferential treatment as compared with the treatment given by the
Manager or any Affiliate of the Manager to others. The Company shall have the benefit of the
Managers best judgment and effort in rendering services hereunder and, in furtherance of the
foregoing, the Manager shall not undertake activities that, in its good faith judgment, will
adversely affect the performance of its obligations under this Agreement.
(b) In the event of a Termination Without Cause of this Agreement by the Company pursuant to
Section 10(c) hereof, for two (2) years after such termination of this Agreement, the Company
shall not, without the consent of the Manager, employ or otherwise retain any employee of the
Manager or any of its Affiliates or any person who has been in the employ of the Manager or any of
its Affiliates at any time within the two (2) year period immediately
9
preceding the date on which
such person commences employment with or is otherwise retained by the Company.
The Company acknowledges and agrees that, in addition to any damages, the Manager shall be entitled
to equitable relief for any violation of this agreement by the Company, including, without
limitation, injunctive relief.
Section 4. Bank Accounts.
At the direction of the Board of Directors, the Manager may establish and maintain one or more bank
accounts in the name of the Company or any Subsidiary, and may collect and deposit into any such
account or accounts, and disburse funds from any such account or accounts, under such terms and
conditions as the Board of Directors may approve; and the Manager shall from time to time render
appropriate accountings of such collections and payments to the Board of Directors and, upon
request, to the auditors of the Company or any Subsidiary.
Section 5. Records; Confidentiality.
The Manager shall maintain appropriate books of accounts and records relating to services performed
hereunder, and such books of account and records shall be accessible for inspection by
representatives of the Company or any Subsidiary at any time during normal business hours. The
Manager shall keep confidential any and all non-public information, written or oral, about or
concerning the Company, obtained by it in connection with the services rendered hereunder
(Confidential Information) and shall not use Confidential Information except in furtherance of
its duties under this Agreement or disclose Confidential Information, in whole or in part, to any
Person other than (i) to its Affiliates, officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives or
advisors who need to know such Confidential Information for the purpose of rendering services
hereunder, (ii) to appraisers, financing sources and others in the ordinary course of the Companys
business ((i) and (ii) collectively, Manager Permitted Disclosure Parties), (iii) in connection
with any governmental or regulatory filings of the Company or disclosure or presentations to the
Companys stockholders or to potential investors in the Companys securities, (iv) to governmental
officials having jurisdiction over the Company, (v) as required by law or legal process to which
the Manager or any Person to whom disclosure is permitted hereunder is a party, or (vi) with the
consent of the Company. The Manager agrees to inform each of its Manager Permitted Disclosure
Parties of the non-public nature of the Confidential Information and to direct such Persons to
treat such Confidential Information in accordance with the terms hereof. Nothing herein shall
prevent the Manager from disclosing Confidential Information (i) upon the order of any court or
administrative agency, (ii) upon the request or demand of, or pursuant to any law or regulation,
any regulatory agency or authority, (iii) to the extent reasonably required in connection with the
exercise of any remedy hereunder, or (iv) to its legal counsel or independent auditors; provided,
however that with respect to clauses (i) and (ii), it is agreed that, so long as not legally
prohibited, the Manager will provide the Company with prompt written notice of such order, request
or demand so that the Company may seek, at its sole expense, an appropriate protective order and/or
waive the Managers compliance with the provisions of this Agreement. If, failing the entry of a
protective order or the receipt of a waiver hereunder, the Manager is required to disclose
Confidential Information, the Manager may disclose only that portion of such information that is
legally required without liability hereunder; provided, that the Manager agrees to exercise its
reasonable best efforts to obtain reliable assurance that confidential treatment will be accorded
such information. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, each of the following shall be
deemed to be excluded from provisions hereof: any Confidential Information that (A) is available to
the public from a source other than the Manager (not resulting from the Managers violation of this
Section 5), (B) is released in writing by the Company to the public or to persons who are not under
similar obligation of confidentiality to the Company, or (C) is obtained by the Manager from a
third-party which, to the best of the Managers knowledge, does not constitute a breach by such
third-party of an obligation of confidence with respect to the Confidential Information disclosed.
The provisions of this Agreement shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this
Agreement for a period of one year. For the avoidance of doubt, information about the Companys
policies, procedures and investment portfolio (other than investments in which the Company and
10
Manager have co-invested) shall be deemed to be included within the meaning of Confidential
Information for purposes of the Managers obligations pursuant to this Section 5.
Section 6. Compensation.
(a) For the services rendered under this Agreement, the Company shall pay the Management Fee to the
Manager. The Manager will not receive any compensation for the period prior to the Closing Date
other than expenses incurred and reimbursed pursuant to Section 7 hereof.
(b) The parties acknowledge that the Management Fee is intended to compensate the Manager for the
costs and expenses it will incur pursuant to the Overhead Sharing Agreement, as well as certain
expenses not otherwise reimbursable under Section 7 hereto, in order for the Manager to
provide the Company the investment advisory services and certain general management services
rendered under this Agreement. The fee paid by the Manager under the Overhead Sharing Agreement
shall not constitute an expense reimbursable by the Company under this Agreement or otherwise,
except those specified in Section 7(b)(xx) hereof.
(c) The Management Fee shall be payable in arrears in cash, in monthly installments commencing with
the month in which this Agreement is executed. If applicable, the initial and final installments of
the Management Fee shall be pro-rated based on the number of days during the initial and final
month, respectively, that this Agreement is in effect. The Manager shall calculate each monthly
installment of the Management Fee, and deliver such calculation to the Company, within fifteen (15)
days following the last day of each calendar month. The Company shall pay the Manager each
installment of the Management Fee within five (5) Business Days after the date of delivery to the
Company of such computations.
Section 7. Expenses of the Company.
(a) Except
as provided in Section 7(b)(xx), the Manager shall be
responsible for (i) the
expenses related to any and all personnel of the Manager and its Affiliates who provide services to
the Company pursuant to this Agreement or to the Manager pursuant to the Overhead Sharing Agreement
(including each of the officers of the Company and any directors of the Company who are also
directors, officers, employees or agents of the Manager, Bimini or any of their Affiliates),
including, without limitation, salaries, bonus and other wages, payroll taxes and the cost of
employee benefit plans of such personnel, and costs of insurance with
respect to such personnel
and (ii) all costs and expenses incurred by the Company in connection
with the Initial Offering greater than an amount equal to 1.0% of the total
gross proceeds of the Initial Offering.
(b) The Company shall pay all of its costs and expenses and shall reimburse the Manager or its
Affiliates for expenses of the Manager and its Affiliates incurred on behalf of the Company,
excepting only those expenses that are specifically the responsibility of the Manager pursuant to
Section 7(a) of this Agreement or of Bimini pursuant to the Overhead Sharing Agreement.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, it is specifically agreed that the following
costs and expenses of the Company or any Subsidiary shall be paid by the Company and shall not be
paid by the Manager or Affiliates of the Manager:
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(i) |
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all costs and expenses associated with the formation and capital raising activities
of the Company and its Subsidiaries, if any, including, without limitation, the costs and
expenses of (A) the preparation of the Companys private placement memoranda and
registration statements, (B) all private and public offerings of the Company, (C) the
original incorporation and initial organization of the Company, and (D) any filing fees
and costs of being a public company, including, without limitation, filings with the SEC,
the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. and the NYSE (and any other exchange or
over-the-counter market), among other such entities;
provided, however, that, for all costs and expenses paid by the
Manager in connection with the Initial Offering, the Company is only obligated to
reimburse the Manager up to an amount equal to 1.0% of the gross
proceeds of the Initial Offering; |
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(ii) |
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all costs and expenses in connection with the acquisition, disposition, financing,
hedging and ownership of the Companys or any Subsidiarys investments, including,
without limitation, costs and expenses incurred in contracting with third parties to
provide such services, such as legal fees,
accounting fees, consulting fees, trustee fees, appraisal fees, insurance premiums,
commitment fees, brokerage fees and guaranty fees; |
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(iii) |
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all legal, audit, accounting, consulting, brokerage, listing, filing, custodian,
transfer agent, rating agency, registration and other fees and charges, printing,
engraving and other expenses and taxes incurred in connection with the issuance,
distribution, transfer, registration and stock exchange listing of the Companys or any
Subsidiarys equity securities or debt securities; |
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(iv) |
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all expenses relating to communications to holders of equity securities or debt
securities issued by the Company or any Subsidiary and other third party services
utilized in maintaining relations with holders of such securities and in complying with
the continuous reporting and other requirements of governmental bodies or agencies
(including, without limitation, the SEC), including any costs of computer services in
connection with this function, the cost of printing and mailing certificates for such
securities and proxy solicitation materials and reports to holders of the Companys or
any Subsidiarys securities and the cost of any reports to third parties required under
any indenture to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party; |
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(v) |
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all costs and expenses of money borrowed by the Company or its Subsidiaries, if
any, including, without limitation, principal, interest and the costs associated with the
establishment and maintenance of any credit facilities, warehouse loans, repurchase
facilities and other indebtedness of the Company and its Subsidiaries, if any (including
commitment fees, legal fees, closing and other costs); |
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(vi) |
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all taxes and license fees applicable to the Company or any Subsidiary, including
interest and penalties thereon; |
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(vii) |
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all fees paid to and expenses of third-party advisors and independent contractors,
consultants, managers and other agents engaged by the Company or any Subsidiary or by the
Manager for the account of the Company or any Subsidiary; |
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(viii) |
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all insurance costs incurred by the Company or any Subsidiary, including, without
limitation, the cost of obtaining and maintaining (A) liability or other insurance to
indemnify (1) the Manager, (2) the directors and officers of the Company, and (3)
underwriters of any securities of the Company, (B) errors and omissions insurance
coverage, and (C) any other insurance deemed necessary or advisable by the Board of
Directors for the benefit of the Company and its directors and officers; |
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(ix) |
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all compensation and fees paid to directors of the Company or any Subsidiary
(excluding those directors who are also directors, officers, employees or agents of the
Manager or any of its Affiliates), and, subject to clause (xiii) below, all expenses of
all directors of the Company or any Subsidiary incurred in their capacity as such; |
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(x) |
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all third-party legal, accounting and auditing fees and expenses and other similar
services relating to the Companys or any Subsidiarys operations (including, without
limitation, all quarterly and annual audit or tax fees and expenses); |
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(xi) |
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all third-party legal, expert and other fees and expenses relating to any actions,
proceedings, lawsuits, demands, causes of action and claims, whether actual or
threatened, made by or against the Company, |
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or which the Company is authorized or
obligated to pay under applicable law or its Governing Instruments or by the Board of
Directors; |
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(xii) |
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subject to Section 8 below, any judgment or settlement of pending or
threatened proceedings (whether civil, criminal or otherwise) against the Company or any
Subsidiary, or against any trustee, director or officer of the Company or any Subsidiary
in his capacity as such for which the Company or any Subsidiary is required to indemnify
such trustee, director or officer by any court or governmental agency, or settlement of
pending or threatened proceedings; |
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(xiii) |
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all travel and related expenses of directors, officers and employees of the Company and
the Manager, incurred in connection with attending meetings of the Board of Directors or
holders of securities of the Company or any Subsidiary or performing other business
activities that relate to the Company or any Subsidiary, including, without limitation,
travel and related expenses incurred in connection with the purchase, consideration for
purchase, financing, refinancing, sale or other disposition of any investment or
potential investment of the Company; provided, however, that the Company shall only be
responsible for its pro rata share of such expenses, based on the Companys percentage of
the aggregate amount of the Managers assets under management and Biminis assets
(measured as of the first day of each month), where such expenses were not incurred
solely for the benefit of the Company; |
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(xiv) |
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all expenses of organizing, modifying or dissolving the Company or any Subsidiary
and costs preparatory to entering into a business or activity, or of winding up or
disposing of a business activity of the Company or its Subsidiaries, if any; |
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(xv) |
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all expenses relating to payments of dividends or interest or distributions in cash
or any other form made or caused to be made by the Board of Directors to or on account of
holders of the securities of the Company or any Subsidiary, including, without
limitation, in connection with any dividend reinvestment plan; |
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(xvi) |
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all costs and expenses related to (A) the design and maintenance of the Companys
web site or sites and (B) the Companys pro rata share, based on the Companys percentage
of the aggregate amount of the Managers assets under management and Biminis assets
(measured as of the first day of each month), of any computer software, hardware or
information technology services that is used by the Company; |
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(xvii) |
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all costs and expenses incurred with respect to market information systems and
publications, research publications and materials, and settlement, clearing and custodial
fees and expenses; provided, however, that the Company shall only be responsible for its
pro rata share of such expenses, based on the Companys percentage of the aggregate
amount of the Managers assets under management and Biminis assets (measured as of the
first day of each month), where such expenses were not incurred solely for the benefit of
the Company; |
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(xviii) |
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all costs and expenses incurred with respect to administering the Companys incentive
and benefit plans; |
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(xix) |
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rent (including disaster recovery facilities costs and expenses), telephone,
utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and overhead
expenses of the Manager and its Affiliates required for the Companys operations;
provided, however, that the Company shall only be responsible for its pro rata share of
such expenses, based on the Companys percentage of the aggregate amount of the Managers
assets under management and Biminis assets (measured as of the |
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first day of each month),
where such expenses were not incurred solely for the benefit of the Company; and |
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(xx) |
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the Companys allocable share of the compensation of its Chief Financial Officer,
including, without limitation, annual base salary, bonus, any related withholding taxes
and employee benefits, based on the percentage of time spent on the Companys affairs. |
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(xxi) |
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all other expenses (other than those described in Section 7(a) above)
actually incurred by the Manager or its Affiliates or their respective officers,
employees, representatives or agents, or any Affiliates thereof, which are reasonably
necessary for the performance by the Manager of its duties and functions under this
Agreement (including, without limitation, any fees or expenses relating to the Companys
compliance with all governmental and regulatory matters). |
For the avoidance of doubt, payment for all services provided to the Company by AVM, L.P.
(including repurchase agreement trading, clearing and administrative services) shall be made by the
Company directly to AVM, L.P.
(c) Costs and expenses incurred by the Manager on behalf of the Company shall be reimbursed monthly
to the Manager. The Manager shall prepare a written statement in reasonable detail documenting the
costs and expenses of the Company and those incurred by the Manager on behalf of the Company during
each month, and shall deliver such written statement to the Company within thirty (30) days after
the end of each month. The Company shall pay all amounts payable to the Manager pursuant to this
Section 7(c) within five (5) Business Days after the receipt of the written statement
without demand, deduction, offset or delay. Cost and expense reimbursement to the Manager shall be
subject to adjustment at the end of each calendar year in connection with the annual audit of the
Company. The provisions of this Section 7 shall survive the expiration or earlier
termination of this Agreement to the extent such expenses have previously been incurred or are
incurred in connection with such expiration or termination.
Section 8. Limits of the Managers Responsibility.
(a) The Manager assumes no responsibility under this Agreement other than to render the services
called for hereunder in good faith and shall not be responsible for any action of the Board of
Directors in following or declining to follow any advice or recommendations of the Manager. The
Manager and its Affiliates, and the directors, officers, employees and stockholders of the Manager
and its Affiliates, will not be liable to the Company, any Subsidiary of the Company, the Board of
Directors, or the Companys stockholders for any acts or omissions by the Manager, its officers,
employees or its Affiliates, performed in accordance with and pursuant to this Agreement, except by
reason of acts constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard
of their respective duties under this Agreement. The Company shall, to the full extent lawful,
reimburse, indemnify and hold harmless the Manager, its Affiliates, and the directors, officers,
employees and stockholders of the Manager and its Affiliates (each, a Manager Indemnified Party)
of and from any and all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims of any
nature whatsoever (including reasonable attorneys fees) (collectively Losses) in respect of or
arising from any acts or omissions of such Manager Indemnified Party performed in good faith under
this Agreement and, in respect of any such Manager Indemnified Party, not constituting bad faith,
willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard of duties of such Manager Indemnified
Party under this Agreement.
(b) The Manager shall, to the full extent lawful, reimburse, indemnify and hold harmless the
Company, and the directors, officers and stockholders of the Company and each Person, if any,
controlling the Company (each, a Company Indemnified Party; a Manager Indemnified Party and a
Company Indemnified Party are each sometimes
14
hereinafter referred to as an Indemnified Party) of
and from any and all Losses in respect of or arising from (i) any acts or omissions of the Manager
constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard
of duties of the Manager under this Agreement or (ii) any claims by the Managers or any of its
Affiliates employees relating to the terms and conditions of their employment by the Manager or
its Affiliates.
(c) In case any such claim, suit, action or proceeding (a Claim) is brought against any
Indemnified Party in respect of which indemnification may be sought by such Indemnified Party
pursuant hereto, the Indemnified Party shall give prompt written notice thereof to the indemnifying
party, which notice shall include all documents and information in the possession of or under the
control of such Indemnified Party reasonably necessary for the evaluation and/or defense of such
Claim and shall specifically state that indemnification for such Claim is being sought under this
Section 8; provided, however, that the failure of the Indemnified Party to so notify the
indemnifying party shall not limit or affect such Indemnified Partys rights to be indemnified
pursuant to this Section 8. Upon receipt of such notice of Claim (together with such documents and
information from such Indemnified Party), the indemnifying party shall, at its sole cost and
expense, in good faith defend any such Claim with counsel reasonably satisfactory to such
Indemnified Party, which counsel may, without limiting the rights of such Indemnified Party
pursuant to the next succeeding sentence of this Section 8, also represent the indemnifying party
in such investigation, action or proceeding. In the alternative, such Indemnified Party may elect
to conduct the defense of the Claim, if (i) such Indemnified Party reasonably determines that the
conduct of its defense by the indemnifying party could be materially prejudicial to its interests,
(ii) the indemnifying party refuses to defend (or fails to give written notice to the Indemnified
Party within ten (10) days of receipt of a notice of Claim that the indemnifying party assumes such
defense), or (iii) the indemnifying party shall have failed, in such Indemnified Partys reasonable
judgment, to defend the Claim in good faith. If the Indemnified Party elects to conduct the defense
of the Claim due to the reasons set forth in the preceding sentence, the fees and expenses of
counsel to the Indemnified Party shall be borne by the indemnifying party. The indemnifying party
may settle any Claim against such Indemnified Party without such Indemnified Partys consent,
provided (i) such settlement is without any Losses whatsoever to such Indemnified Party, (ii) the
settlement does not include or require any admission of liability or culpability by such
Indemnified Party and (iii) the indemnifying party obtains an effective written release of
liability for such Indemnified Party from the party to the Claim with whom such settlement is being
made, which release must be reasonably acceptable to such Indemnified Party, and a dismissal with
prejudice with respect to all claims made by the party against such Indemnified Party in connection
with such Claim. The applicable Indemnified Party shall reasonably cooperate with the indemnifying
party, at the indemnifying partys sole cost and expense, in connection with the defense or
settlement of any Claim in accordance with the terms hereof. If such Indemnified Party is entitled
pursuant to this Section to elect to defend such Claim by counsel of its own choosing and so
elects, then the indemnifying party shall be responsible for any good faith settlement of such
Claim entered into by such Indemnified Party. Except as provided in the immediately preceding
sentence, no Indemnified Party may pay or settle any Claim and seek reimbursement therefor under
this Section.
(d) The provisions of this Section 8 shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of
this Agreement.
Section 9. No Joint Venture.
The Company and the Manager are not partners or joint venturers with each other and nothing herein
shall be construed to make them such partners or joint venturers or impose any liability as such on
either of them.
Section 10. Term; Renewal.
(a) Initial Term. This Agreement shall become effective on the Closing Date and shall continue in
operation, unless terminated in accordance with the terms hereof, until [ ], 2014 (the Initial
Term).
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(b) Automatic Renewal Terms. After the Initial Term, this Agreement shall be deemed renewed
automatically each year for an additional one-year period (an Automatic Renewal Term) unless the
Company or the Manager elects not to renew this Agreement in accordance with Section 10(c)
of this Agreement.
(c) Nonrenewal of this Agreement Without Cause. Notwithstanding any other provision of this
Agreement to the contrary, upon the expiration of the Initial Term and upon 180 days prior written
notice to the Manager or the Company (the Termination Notice), either the Company (but only with
the approval of a majority of the Independent Directors) or the Manager may, without cause, in
connection with the expiration of the Initial Term or any Automatic Renewal Term, decline to renew
this Agreement (any such nonrenewal, a Termination Without Cause). If the Company issues the
Termination Notice, the Company shall be obligated to (i) specify the reason for nonrenewal in the
Termination Notice and (ii) pay the Manager the Termination Fee before or on the last day of the
Initial Term or Automatic Renewal Term (the Effective Termination Date). In the event of a
Termination Without Cause, nonrenewal of this Agreement shall be without any further liability or
obligation of either party to the other, except as provided in this Section 10(c),
Section 3(b), Section 8 and Section 14 of this Agreement. The Manager shall
cooperate with the Company in executing an orderly transition of the management of the Companys
assets to a new manager. The Company may terminate this Agreement for cause pursuant to Section
12 hereof even after a Termination Without Cause and, in such case, no Termination Fee shall be
payable.
(d) Unfair Manager Compensation. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 10(c) above, if
the reason for nonrenewal specified in the Companys Termination Notice is that a majority of the
Independent Directors have determined that the Management Fee payable to the Manager is unfair, the
Company shall not have the foregoing nonrenewal right in the event the Manager agrees that it will
continue to perform its duties hereunder during the Automatic Renewal Term that would commence upon
the expiration of the Initial Term or then current Automatic Renewal Term at a fee that the
majority of the Independent Directors determine to be fair; provided, however, the Manager shall
have the right to renegotiate the Management Fee by delivering to the Company, not less than 120
days prior to the pending Effective Termination Date, written notice (a Notice of Proposal to
Negotiate) of its intention to renegotiate the Management Fee. Thereupon, the Company and the
Manager shall endeavor to negotiate the Management Fee in good faith. Provided that the Company and
the Manager agree to a revised Management Fee or other compensation structure within sixty (60)
days following the Companys receipt of the Notice of Proposal to Negotiate, the Termination Notice
from the Company shall be deemed of no force and effect, and this Agreement shall continue in full
force and effect on the terms stated herein, except that the Management Fee or other compensation
structure shall be the revised Management Fee or other compensation structure then agreed upon by
the Company and the Manager. The Company and the Manager agree to execute and deliver an amendment
to this Agreement setting forth such revised Management Fee or other compensation structure
promptly upon reaching an agreement regarding same. In the event that the Company and the Manager
are unable to agree to a revised Management Fee or other compensation structure during such sixty
(60) day period, this Agreement shall terminate on the Effective Termination Date and the Company
shall be obligated to pay the Manager the Termination Fee upon the Effective Termination Date.
Section 11. Assignments.
(a) Assignments by the Manager. This Agreement shall terminate automatically without payment of the
Termination Fee in the event of its assignment, in whole or in part, by the Manager, unless such
assignment is consented to in writing by the Company with the consent of a majority of the
Independent Directors. Any such permitted assignment shall bind the assignee under this Agreement
in the same manner as the Manager is bound, and the Manager shall be liable to the Company for all
errors or omissions of the assignee under any such assignment. In addition, the assignee shall
execute and deliver to the Company a counterpart of this Agreement naming such assignee as the
Manager. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Manager may (i) assign this Agreement to an Affiliate
16
of the Manager that is a successor to the Manager by reason of a restructuring or other internal
reorganization among the Manager and any one or more of its Affiliates without the consent of the
majority of the Independent Directors if such approval is not required under the Investment
Advisors Act of 1940, as amended, and (ii) delegate to one or more of its Affiliates the
performance of any of its responsibilities hereunder so long as it remains liable for any such
Affiliates performance. Nothing contained in this Agreement shall preclude any pledge,
hypothecation or other transfer of any amounts payable to the Manager under this Agreement.
(b) Assignments by the Company. This Agreement shall terminate automatically in the event of its
assignment, in whole or in part, by the Company, unless such assignment is consented to in writing
by the Manager. Any such permitted assignment shall bind the assignee under this Agreement in the
same manner as the Company is bound. In addition, the assignee shall execute and deliver to the
Manager a counterpart of this Agreement. If the assignment is not consented to by the Manager, the
Company shall be obligated to pay the Manager the Termination Fee within 60 days of such
assignment.
Section 12. Termination of the Manager for Cause.
At the option of the Company and at any time during the term of this Agreement, this Agreement
shall be and become terminated upon 30 days written notice of termination from the Board of
Directors to the Manager, without payment of the Termination Fee, if any of the following events
shall occur, which shall be determined by a majority of the Independent Directors:
(a) the Manager shall commit any act of fraud, misappropriation of funds, or embezzlement against
the Company or shall be grossly negligent in the performance of its duties under this Agreement
(including such action or inaction by the Manager which materially impairs the Companys ability to
conduct its business)
(b) the Manager shall fail to provide adequate or appropriate personnel necessary for the Manager
to originate investment opportunities for the Company and to manage and develop the Companys
portfolio; provided, that such default has continued uncured for a period of sixty (60) days after
written notice thereof, which notice shall contain a request that the same be remedied;
(c) the Manager shall commit a material breach of any provision of this Agreement (including the
failure of the Manager to use reasonable efforts to comply with the Investment Guidelines);
provided, that such default has continued uncured for a period of thirty (30) days after written
notice thereof, which notice shall contain a request that the same be remedied;
(d) (A) the Manager or Bimini shall commence any case, proceeding or other action (1) under any
existing or future law of any jurisdiction, domestic or foreign, relating to bankruptcy,
insolvency, reorganization or relief of debtors, seeking to have an order for relief entered with
respect to it, or seeking to adjudicate it a bankrupt or insolvent, or seeking reorganization,
arrangement, adjustment, winding-up, liquidation, dissolution, composition or other relief with
respect to it or its debts, or (2) seeking appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian,
conservator or other similar official for it or for all or any substantial part of its assets, or
the Manager or Bimini shall make a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or (B)
there shall be commenced against the Manager or Bimini any case, proceeding or other action of a
nature referred to in clause (A) above;
(e) the Manager is convicted (including a plea of nolo contendre) of a felony;
(f) a Change of Control;
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(g) the departure of both Robert Cauley and Hunter Haas from the senior management of the Manager
during the Initial Term; or
(h) upon the dissolution of the Manager.
If any of the events specified above shall occur, the Manager shall give prompt written notice
thereof to the Board of Directors.
Section 13. Action Upon Termination.
From and after the effective date of termination of this Agreement pursuant to Sections 10,
11 or 12 of this Agreement, the Manager shall not be entitled to compensation for
further services hereunder, but shall be paid all compensation accruing, and reimbursable expenses
incurred prior, to the date of termination and, if terminated or not renewed pursuant to
Section 10 or assigned by the Company without the Managers consent pursuant to Section
11, the Termination Fee. Upon any such termination, the Manager shall forthwith:
(a) after deducting any accrued compensation and reimbursement for its expenses to which it is then
entitled, pay over to the Company or a Subsidiary all money collected and held for the account of
the Company or a Subsidiary pursuant to this Agreement;
(b) deliver to the Board of Directors a full accounting, including a statement showing all payments
collected by it and a statement of all money held by it, covering the period following the date of
the last accounting furnished to the Board of Directors with respect to the Company and any
Subsidiaries; and
(c) deliver to the Board of Directors all property and documents of the Company and any
Subsidiaries then in the custody of the Manager.
Section 14. Release of Money or Other Property Upon Written Request.
The Manager agrees that any money or other property of the Company (which such term, for the
purposes of this Section, shall be deemed to include any and all of its Subsidiaries, if any) held
by the Manager shall be held by the Manager as custodian for the Company, and the Managers records
shall be appropriately and clearly marked to reflect the ownership of such money or other property
by the Company. Upon the receipt by the Manager of a written request signed by a duly authorized
officer of the Company requesting the Manager to release to the Company any money or other property
then held by the Manager for the account of the Company under this Agreement, the Manager shall
release such money or other property to the Company within a reasonable period of time, but in no
event later than 60 days following such request. Upon delivery of such money or other property to
the Company, the Manager shall not be liable to the Company, the Board of Directors or the
Companys stockholders or partners for any acts or omissions by the Company in connection with the
money or other property released to the Company in accordance with this Section. The Company shall
indemnify the Manager and its Affiliates directors, officers, stockholders, employees and agents
against any and all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims of any
nature whatsoever, which arise in connection with the Managers release of such money or other
property to the Company in accordance with the terms of this Section 14. Indemnification
pursuant to this provision shall be in addition to any right of the Manager to indemnification
under Section 8 of this Agreement.
Section 15. Representations and Warranties.
(a) The Company hereby represents and warrants to the Manager as follows:
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(i) |
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The Company is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing
under the laws of the State of Maryland, has the corporate power and authority and the
legal right to own and operate its assets, to lease any property it may operate as lessee
and to conduct the business in which it is now engaged and is duly qualified as a foreign
corporation and in good standing under the laws of each jurisdiction where its ownership
or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, except
for failures to be so qualified, authorized or licensed that could not in the aggregate
have a material adverse effect on the business operations, assets or financial condition
of the Company. |
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(ii) |
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The Company has the corporate power and authority and the legal right to make,
deliver and perform this Agreement and all obligations required hereunder and has taken
all necessary corporate action to authorize this Agreement on the terms and conditions
hereof and the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and all obligations
required hereunder. No consent of any other Person, including stockholders and creditors
of the Company, and no license, permit, approval or authorization of, exemption by,
notice or report to, or registration, filing or declaration with, any governmental
authority is required by the Company in connection with this Agreement or the execution,
delivery, performance, validity or enforceability of this Agreement and all obligations
required hereunder. This Agreement has been, and each instrument or document required
hereunder will be, executed and delivered by a duly authorized officer of the Company,
and this Agreement constitutes, and each instrument or document required hereunder when
executed and delivered hereunder will constitute, the legally valid and binding
obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms. |
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The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the documents or
instruments required hereunder will not violate any provision of any existing law or
regulation binding on the Company, or any order, judgment, award or decree of any court,
arbitrator or governmental authority binding on the Company, or the Governing Instruments
of, or any securities issued by, the Company or of any mortgage, indenture, lease,
contract or other agreement, instrument or undertaking to which the Company is a party or
by which the Company or any of its assets may be bound, the violation of which would have
a material adverse effect on the business operations, assets or financial condition of
the Company and its Subsidiaries, if any, taken as a whole, and will not result in, or
require, the creation or imposition of any lien on any of its property, assets or
revenues pursuant to the provisions of any such mortgage, indenture, lease, contract or
other agreement, instrument or undertaking. |
(b) The Manager hereby represents and warrants to the Company as follows:
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The Manager is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing
under the laws of the State of Maryland, has the corporate power and authority and the
legal right to own and operate its assets, to lease any property it operates as lessee
and to conduct the business in which it is now engaged and is duly qualified as a foreign
corporation and in good standing under the laws of each jurisdiction where its ownership
or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, except
for failures to be so qualified, authorized or licensed that could not in the aggregate
have a material adverse effect on the business operations, assets or financial condition
of the Manager. |
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(ii) |
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The Manager has the corporate power and authority and the legal right to make,
deliver and perform this Agreement and all obligations required hereunder and has taken
all necessary corporate action to authorize this Agreement on the terms and conditions
hereof and the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and all obligations
required hereunder. No consent of any other Person, including members and creditors of
the Manager, and no license, permit, approval or authorization of, |
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exemption by, notice or report to, or registration, filing or declaration with, any
governmental authority is required by the Manager in connection with this Agreement or
the execution, delivery, performance, validity or enforceability of this Agreement and
all obligations required hereunder. This Agreement has been, and each instrument or
document required hereunder will be, executed and delivered by a duly authorized officer
of the Manager, and this Agreement constitutes, and each instrument or document required
hereunder when executed and delivered hereunder will constitute, the legally valid and
binding obligation of the Manager enforceable against the Manager in accordance with its
terms. |
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(iii) |
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The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the documents or
instruments required hereunder will not violate any provision of any existing law or
regulation binding on the Manager, or any order, judgment, award or decree of any court,
arbitrator or governmental authority binding on the Manager, or the Governing Instruments
of, or any securities issued by, the Manager or of any mortgage, indenture, lease,
contract or other agreement, instrument or undertaking to which the Manager is a party or
by which the Manager or any of its assets may be bound, the violation of which would have
a material adverse effect on the business operations, assets or financial condition of
the Manager, and will not result in, or require, the creation or imposition of any lien
on any of its property, assets or revenues pursuant to the provisions of any such
mortgage, indenture, lease, contract or other agreement, instrument or undertaking. |
Section 16. Miscellaneous.
(a) Notices. All notices, requests and demands to or upon the respective parties hereto to be
effective shall be in writing (including by telecopy), and, unless otherwise expressly provided
herein, shall be deemed to have been duly given or made when delivered against receipt or upon
actual receipt of (i) personal delivery, (ii) delivery by reputable overnight courier, (iii)
delivery by facsimile transmission with telephonic confirmation or (iv) delivery by registered or
certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, addressed as set forth below (or to such
other address as may be hereafter notified by the respective parties hereto in accordance with this
Section 16):
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The Company:
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Orchid Island Capital, Inc. |
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3305 Flamingo Drive |
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Vero Beach, FL 32963 |
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Attention: Chief Executive Officer |
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Fax: 772-231-2896 |
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with a copy to:
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Hunton & Williams LLP |
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Riverfront Plaza, East Tower |
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951 East Byrd Street |
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Richmond, Virginia 23219 |
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Attention: S. Gregory Cope, Esq. |
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Fax: 804-343-4833 |
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The Manager:
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Bimini Advisors, Inc. |
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3305 Flamingo Drive |
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Vero Beach, FL 32963 |
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Attention: Chief Executive Officer |
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Fax: 772-231-2896 |
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with a copy to:
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Moye White LLP |
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16 Market Square 6th Floor |
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1400 16th Street |
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Denver, CO 80202-1486 |
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Attention: David C. Roos, Esq |
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Fax: 303 292 4510 |
(b) Binding Nature of Agreement; Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and
inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective heirs, personal representatives,
successors and assigns as provided herein.
(c) Integration. This Agreement contains the entire agreement and understanding among the parties
hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous
agreements, understandings, inducements and conditions, express or implied, oral or written, of any
nature whatsoever with respect to the subject matter hereof. The express terms hereof control and
supersede any course of performance and/or usage of the trade inconsistent with any of the terms
hereof.
(d) Amendments. This Agreement, nor any terms hereof, may not be amended, supplemented or modified
except in an instrument in writing executed by the parties hereto.
(e) GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT AND THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES UNDER THIS
AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE
STATE OF MARYLAND, WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO
IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND AND THE
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR ANY DISTRICT WITHIN SUCH STATE FOR THE PURPOSE OF ANY ACTION OR
JUDGMENT RELATING TO OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OF THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED
HEREBY AND TO THE LAYING OF VENUE IN SUCH COURT.
(f) WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH PARTY HERETO ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT ANY CONTROVERSY WHICH MAY
ARISE UNDER THIS AGREEMENT IS LIKELY TO INVOLVE COMPLICATED AND DIFFICULT ISSUES, AND, THEREFORE,
EACH SUCH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT SUCH PARTY MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT TO ANY ACTION DIRECTLY
OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF, UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE
TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED BY THIS AGREEMENT.
(g) Survival of Representations and Warranties. All representations and warranties made hereunder,
and in any document, certificate or statement delivered pursuant hereto or in connection herewith
shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement.
(h) No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies. No failure to exercise and no delay in exercising, on the part
of a party hereto, any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver
thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege
hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right,
remedy, power or privilege. The rights, remedies, powers and privileges herein provided are
cumulative and not exclusive of any rights, remedies, powers and privileges provided by law.
(i) Costs and Expenses. Each party hereto shall bear its own costs and expenses (including the fees
and disbursements of counsel and accountants) incurred in connection with the negotiations and
preparation of and the closing under this Agreement, and all matters incident thereto.
21
(j) Section Headings. The section and subsection headings in this Agreement are for convenience in
reference only and shall not be deemed to alter or affect the interpretation of any provisions
hereof.
(k) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed by the parties to this Agreement on any number of
separate counterparts (including by telecopy), and all of said counterparts taken together shall be
deemed to constitute one and the same instrument.
(l) Severability. Any provision of this Agreement which is prohibited or unenforceable in any
jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or
unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or
unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in
any other jurisdiction.
(signatures on following page)
22
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties hereto have executed this Management Agreement as of the date first written above.
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Orchid Island Capital, Inc. |
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By: |
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Name:
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Robert E. Cauley |
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Title:
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Chief Executive Officer |
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Bimini Advisors, Inc. |
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By: |
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Name:
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G. Hunter Haas, IV |
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Title:
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Chief Financial Officer, |
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Chief Investment Officer and Secretary |
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23
Exhibit A
Investment Guidelines
Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in that
certain Management Agreement, dated as of [ ], 2011, as may be amended from time to time (the
Management Agreement), by and between Orchid Island Capital, Inc. (the Company) and Bimini
Advisors, Inc. (the Manager).
1. The Company shall not make any investments other than investments in Agency RMBS.
2. The Companys leverage may not exceed 12 times its stockholders equity (as computed in
accordance with GAAP) (the Leverage Threshold). In the event that the Companys leverage
inadvertently exceeds the Leverage Threshold, the Company may not utilize additional leverage
without prior approval from the Board of Directors until the Company is once again in compliance
with the Leverage Threshold.
3. No investment shall be made that would cause the Company to fail to qualify as a REIT under the
Code.
4. No investment shall be made that would cause the Company to be regulated as an investment
company under the Investment Company Act.
These Investment Guidelines may be amended, restated, modified, supplemented or waived by the
Board of Directors (which must include a majority of the Independent Directors) without the
approval of the Companys stockholders.
A-1
exv10w2
Exhibit 10.2
WARRANT PURCHASE AGREEMENT
This WARRANT PURCHASE AGREEMENT (this Agreement) is dated as of [], 2011, by and
among Orchid Island Capital, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the Issuer), and Bimini
Capital Management, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the Purchaser).
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, the Issuer is entering into an underwriting agreement on the date hereof (the
Underwriting Agreement), a copy of which is attached hereto as Annex I, with the
underwriters named therein (the Underwriters) pursuant to which the Issuer will, subject
to the satisfaction of the terms and conditions set forth in the Underwriting Agreement, issue and
sell to the Underwriters [] shares (the IPO Shares) of common stock, par value $0.01 per
share, of the Issuer (the Common Stock) in connection with an offering to the public (the
IPO) of the IPO Shares for $[] per share (the IPO Price); and
WHEREAS, concurrently with the consummation of the Issuers issuance and sale of the IPO
Shares to the Underwriters upon the satisfaction of the terms and conditions set forth in the
Underwriting Agreement, the Purchaser desires to purchase 4,500,000 warrants (the Warrants) to
purchase an aggregate of 4,500,000 shares of Common Stock (the Warrant Shares), with each
Warrant being exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $[] per share for
an aggregate purchase price of $2,475,000, and the Issuer desires to issue and sell such Warrants to the
Purchaser pursuant to a warrant agreement to be dated [], 2011 by and between the Company and
Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent (the Warrant Agreement).
NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and of the mutual agreements, covenants and
provisions herein contained and for good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby
acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
PURCHASE AND SALE
1.1 Purchase and Sale of Subject Warrants. Subject to (a) the terms and conditions set
forth in this Agreement and (b) the completion of the IPO (the IPO Closing), the Issuer
agrees to issue to the Purchaser the Warrants, and the Purchaser agrees to purchase the Warrants
for $[] (the Warrants Purchase Price).
1.2 Closing. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the occurrence
of the IPO Closing, the closing of the purchase and sale of the Warrants (the Closing)
shall take place on the date of the IPO Closing at the offices of counsel to the Issuer, Hunton &
Williams LLP located at Riverfront Plaza, East Tower, 951 East Byrd Street, Richmond, Virginia
23219, or at such other place as the applicable parties to such closing shall agree in writing.
1.3 Delivery at Closing. At the Closing, (a) Purchaser shall deliver to Issuer the
Warrants Purchase Price by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account
designated by the Issuer in writing by 10:30 a.m. Eastern Time, and (b) the Issuer shall
deliver certificates representing the Warrants to the Purchaser.
ARTICLE II
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE ISSUER
The Issuer represents and warrants to the Purchaser as follows:
2.1 Formation and Good Standing. The Issuer is a corporation duly incorporated and is
validly existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State of Maryland and is in good standing
with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland.
2.2 Authorization and Validity of Agreements. The Issuer has all requisite power and
authority to execute and deliver this Agreement, to perform its obligations hereunder and to
consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The execution and delivery of this Agreement, the
performance by the Issuer of its obligations hereunder and the consummation of the transactions
contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action of the Issuer. This
Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Issuer, enforceable against the
Issuer in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors rights generally, and by general
principles or equity (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding in
equity or at law).
2.3 No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the
Issuer and the consummation by the Issuer of the transactions contemplated hereby do not and will
not conflict with, contravene, result in a violation or breach of or default under (with or without
the giving of notice or the lapse of time, or both), permit any party to terminate, amend or
accelerate the provisions of, or result in the imposition of any claim, lien, pledge, deed of
trust, option, charge, security interest, hypothecation, encumbrance, right of first offer, voting
trust, proxy, right of third parties or other restriction or limitation of any nature whatsoever
(each, a Lien), or any obligation to create any Lien, upon any of the property or assets
of the Issuer under (a) any contract, agreement, indenture, letter of credit, mortgage, security
agreement, pledge agreement, deed of trust, bond, note, guarantee, surety obligation, warranty,
license, franchise, permit, power of attorney, lease, instrument or other agreement (each, a
Contract) to which the Issuer is a party or by which any of its property or assets may be
bound or (b) any provision of the charter or bylaws of the Issuer.
2.4 Authorization of the Warrants and the Warrant Shares. The Warrants and the Warrant
Shares have been duly authorized and, when issued in accordance with this Agreement and the Warrant
Agreement, (i) the Warrants will be duly and validly issued and (ii) the Warrant Shares will be
duly and validly issued and fully paid and non-assessable and will be free and clear of all Liens,
other than restrictions on transfer imposed by the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
Securities Act), and applicable state securities laws, and will be free of statutory and
contractual preemptive rights, rights of first refusal and similar rights.
- 2 -
2.5 Consents. No consent, approval, authorization or order of, or filing with, any
governmental agency or body is required for the consummation of the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement in connection with the issuance and sale of the Warrants and the Warrant Shares by
the Issuer, except such as have been obtained or made, or will be obtained or made on or before the
Closing, and such as may be required by the New York Stock Exchange or under state securities laws
or the laws of any foreign jurisdiction.
2.6 Exemption from Registration; No Integration; No General Solicitation.
(a) Subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser, it
is not necessary in connection with the offer, sale and delivery of the Warrants to the
Purchaser in the manner contemplated by this Agreement to (i) register the Warrants on the
date hereof or as of the date of Closing or (ii) register the Warrant Shares in connection
with the offer and sale of the Warrants on the date hereof or as of the date of Closing
under the Securities Act.
(b) Neither the Issuer nor any affiliate (as defined in Rule 501(b) of Regulation D
under the Securities Act) of the Issuer has directly, or through any agent, (i) sold,
offered for sale, solicited offers to buy or otherwise negotiated in respect of, any
security (as defined in the Securities Act) which is or will be integrated with the sale of
the Warrants (including the offer of the Warrant Shares in connection with the sale of the
Warrants) as of the date of Closing in a manner that would require the registration under
the Securities Act, on the date hereof or as of the date of Closing, of the Warrants or the
Warrant Shares, (ii) offered, solicited offers to buy or sold the Warrants on the date
hereof and as of the date of Closing or (iii) offered, or solicited offers to buy, the
Warrant Shares on the date hereof and as of the date of Closing by any form of general
solicitation or general advertising (as those terms are used in Regulation D under the
Securities Act) or in any manner involving a public offering within the meaning of Section
4(2) of the Securities Act.
ARTICLE III
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE PURCHASER
The Purchaser represents and warrants to the Issuer as follows:
3.1 Formation and Good Standing. The Purchaser is a corporation duly incorporated and
is validly existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State of Maryland and is in good
standing with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland.
3.2 Authorization and Validity of Agreements. The Purchaser has all requisite power
and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement, to perform its obligations hereunder and to
consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The execution and delivery of this Agreement, the
performance by the Purchaser of its obligations hereunder and the consummation of the transactions
contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action of the Purchaser.
This Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Purchaser, enforceable
against the Purchaser in accordance with its terms, except as may be
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limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting
creditors rights generally, and by general principles or equity (regardless of whether such
enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law).
3.3 No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the
Purchaser and the consummation by the Purchaser of the transactions contemplated hereby do not and
will not conflict with, contravene, result in a violation or breach of or default under (with or
without the giving of notice or the lapse of time, or both), permit any party to terminate, amend
or accelerate the provisions of, or result in the imposition of any Lien (or any obligation to
create any Lien) upon any of the property or assets of the Purchaser under (a) any Contract to
which the Purchaser is a party or by which any of its property or assets may be bound or (b) any
provision of the organizational document of the Purchaser.
3.4 Consents. No consent, approval, authorization or order of, or filing with, any
governmental agency or body is required for the consummation of the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement in connection with the purchase of the Warrants and the Warrant Shares by the
Purchaser, except such as have been obtained or made, or will be obtained or made on or before the
Closing, and such as may be required by the New York Stock Exchange, or under state securities laws
or the laws of any foreign jurisdiction.
3.5 Investment Purpose; Accredited Purchaser; Access to Information.
(a) The Purchaser hereby acknowledges that the Warrants (as of the date hereof and the
date of Closing) and the Warrant Shares (as of the date hereof and the date of Closing) have
not been and will not be registered under the Securities Act and may not be offered or sold
except pursuant to registration or an exemption from the registration requirements of the
Securities Act and that the certificates evidencing the Warrants (and the Warrant Shares, as
applicable) will bear a legend to that effect. The Warrants to be acquired by the Purchaser
pursuant to this Agreement are being acquired for the Purchasers own account and with no
intention of distributing or reselling the Warrants (including the Warrant Shares) or any
part thereof, as of the date hereof or the date of Closing, in any transaction that would be
in violation of the securities laws of the United States, any state of the United States or
any foreign jurisdiction. The Purchaser further agrees that it has not entered and prior to
the Closing will not enter into any Contract with respect to the distribution, sale,
transfer or delivery of the Warrants or the Warrant Shares.
(b) The Purchaser is an accredited investor as such term is defined in Section 2(15)
of the Securities Act and within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D under the
Securities Act, as presently in effect.
(c) The Purchaser is sufficiently experienced in financial and business matters to be
capable of evaluating the merits and risks involved in purchasing the Warrants (as of the
date hereof and the date of Closing) and the Warrant Shares (as of the date hereof and the
date of Closing) and to make an informed decision relating thereto. The Purchaser has been
furnished with the materials relating to the business, operations, financial condition,
assets, liabilities of the Issuer and other matters relevant to
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Purchasers investment in the Warrants (as of the date hereof and the date of Closing)
and the Warrant Shares (as of the date hereof and the date of Closing), which have been
requested by the Purchaser. The Purchaser has had adequate opportunity to ask questions of,
and receive answers from, the officers, agents, accountants, and representatives of the
Issuer concerning the business, operations, financial condition, assets, liabilities of the
Issuer and all other matters relevant to its investment in the Warrants (as of the date
hereof and the date of Closing) and the Warrant Shares (as of the date hereof and the date
of Closing).
ARTICLE IV
COVENANTS
4.1 Registration Rights. Subject to the occurrence of the IPO Closing and the Closing,
each of the parties hereto covenants to enter into (i) that certain Registration Rights Agreement,
a copy of which is attached hereto as Annex II, and (ii) that certain Warrant Agreement, a
copy of which is attached hereto as Annex III.
4.2 Further Assurances. Each party hereto shall execute and deliver such instruments
and take such other actions prior to or after the Closing as any other party may reasonably request
in order to carry out the intent of this Agreement, including without limitation obtaining any
required consents or approvals from third parties.
4.3 Tax Reporting. The Issuer and the Purchaser each represents and covenants that it
will consistently report the ownership, sale and purchase of the Warrants, for U.S. federal income
tax and other applicable tax purposes, unless otherwise required by applicable law.
ARTICLE V
CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO THE OBLIGATIONS
5.1 Mutual Conditions. The obligations of the Issuer and the Purchaser to consummate
the purchase and sale of the Warrants contemplated hereby are subject to the following conditions:
(a) the occurrence of the IPO Closing, (b) the execution and delivery of the Warrant Agreement, (c)
the absence of any order, decree, judgment or injunction of a court of competent jurisdiction or
other governmental or regulatory authority precluding the consummation of the purchase and sale of
the Warrants contemplated hereby, and (d) there shall not have been any action taken or any
statute, rule or regulation enacted, promulgated or deemed applicable to, the purchase and sale of
the Warrants contemplated hereby by any court, governmental agency or regulatory or administrative
authority that makes consummation of such transactions illegal.
5.2 Conditions to the Obligations of the Issuer. The obligations of the Issuer under
this Agreement to consummate the purchase and sale of the Warrants contemplated hereby are subject
to the fulfillment (or waiver by the Issuer) of the conditions that (a) the representations and
warranties of the Purchaser contained in or made pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed to have
been made again at and as of the Closing and shall then be true and accurate, and
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(b) the Purchaser shall have performed and complied in all material respects with all
agreements required by this Agreement to be performed or complied with by it prior to or at the
Closing.
5.3 Conditions to the Obligations of the Purchaser. The obligations of the Purchaser
under this Agreement to consummate the purchase and sale of the Warrants contemplated hereby are
subject to the fulfillment (or waiver in writing by the Purchaser) of the condition that (a) all
representations and warranties of the Issuer shall be deemed to have been made again at and as of
the Closing and shall then be true and accurate, and (b) the Issuer shall have performed and
complied in all material respects with all agreements required by this Agreement to be performed or
complied with by it prior to or at the Closing.
ARTICLE VI
MISCELLANEOUS
6.1 Termination. This Agreement shall be terminated prior to the consummation of the
transactions contemplated hereby if, prior to the consummation of the IPO Closing, the Underwriting
Agreement is terminated pursuant to its terms. In the event of any termination of this Agreement,
this Agreement shall become void and have no effect, without any liability to any person in respect
hereof on the part of any party hereto, except for any liability resulting from such partys breach
of this Agreement prior to such termination.
6.2 Survival. Each of the representations and warranties contained in this Agreement
shall survive indefinitely. Each of the covenants contained in this Agreement shall survive the
Closing until performed in accordance with their terms.
6.3 Amendments; Waivers. The provisions of this Agreement may not be amended or
modified except by a writing signed by each of the parties. No waiver of any term or condition
hereof or obligation hereunder shall be valid unless made in writing and signed by the party to
which performance is due.
6.4 Severability of Provisions. Each provision of this Agreement shall be considered
severable and if for any reason any provision or provisions herein are determined to be invalid,
unenforceable or illegal under any existing or future law, such invalidity, unenforceability or
illegality shall not impair the operation of or affect those portions of this Agreement which are
valid, enforceable and legal.
6.5 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance
with the laws of the State of Maryland, without giving effect to any conflict of laws principles
thereof that would cause the application of the laws of another jurisdiction.
6.6 Waiver of Trial By Jury. TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, EACH PARTY
HERETO IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ALL RIGHT OF TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM,
ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY MATTER ARISING HEREUNDER.
6.7 Remedies and Waivers. No delay or omission on the part of any party to this
Agreement in exercising any right, power or remedy provided by law or under this agreement
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shall (i) impair such right, power or remedy; or (ii) operate as a waiver thereof. The single
or partial exercise of any right, power or remedy provided by law or under this Agreement shall not
preclude any other or further exercise of any other right, power or remedy. The rights, powers and
remedies provided in this Agreement are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights, powers and
remedies provided by law.
6.8 Notices. All notices, requests, demands, waivers and other communications to be
given by either party hereunder shall be in writing and shall be (i) mailed by first-class,
registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, (ii) sent by hand delivery or reputable overnight
delivery service or (iii) transmitted by fax (provided that a copy is also sent by reputable
overnight delivery service) addressed to the Secretary of the Issuer or the Secretary of the
Purchaser, as applicable, in each case at 3305 Flamingo Drive, Vero Beach, Florida 32963, or such
other address as may be specified in writing to the other party hereto. All such notices, requests,
demands, waivers and other communications shall be deemed to have been given and received (i) if by
personal delivery or fax, on the day of such delivery, (ii) if by first-class, registered or
certified mail, on the fifth business day after the mailing thereof, or (iii) if by reputable
overnight delivery service, on the day delivered.
6.9 Execution in Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of
counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all such counterparts shall together
constitute but one and the same instrument.
6.10 Headings. The Article and Section headings contained herein are for the
convenience of the parties only and shall not affect the construction or interpretation of this
Agreement.
6.11 Entire Agreement. This Agreement, including the Exhibits hereto, contains the
entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all
prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among the parties with respect to the
subject matter hereof.
[signature page follows.]
- 7 -
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Agreement as of the date
first written above.
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ISSUER: |
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ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC. |
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By: |
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Name:
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Robert E. Cauley |
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Title:
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Chief Executive Officer and President |
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PURCHASER: |
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BIMINI CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC. |
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By: |
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Name:
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G. Hunter Haas, IV |
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Title:
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President, Chief Investment Officer
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- 8 -
Annex I
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
Annex II
REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT
Annex III
WARRANT AGREEMENT
exv10w3
Exhibit 10.3
REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT
This REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT, dated as of [], 2011, is entered into by and between
Orchid Island Capital, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the Company), and Bimini Capital
Management, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the Sponsor Investor).
WHEREAS, the Sponsor Investor acquired, and owns as of the date hereof, [ ] shares of the
Companys Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, (the Common Stock) in connection with
the initial capitalization of the Company (the Sponsor Shares); and further
WHEREAS, as of the date hereof, the Sponsor Investor has acquired, and owns warrants (the
Sponsor Warrants) to purchase an aggregate of [ ] shares of Common Stock (the
Warrant Shares, and together with the Sponsor Shares, the Shares).
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained and
other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby
acknowledged, the parties to this Agreement hereby agree as follows:
Section 1. Certain Definitions.
In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following terms, as used
herein, shall have the following meanings:
(a) Affiliate of any Person means any other Person that directly, or indirectly
through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with,
such Person. The term control (including the terms controlled by and under common control
with) as used with respect to any Person means the possession, directly or indirectly through one
or more intermediaries, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and
policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or
otherwise.
(b) Agreement means this Registration Rights Agreement, including all amendments,
modifications and supplements and any exhibits or schedules to any of the foregoing, and shall
refer to this Registration Rights Agreement as the same may be in effect at the time such reference
becomes operative.
(c) Business Day means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or a day on which
commercial banks in New York, New York are directed or permitted to be closed.
(d) Exchange Act means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
(e) Holder means (i) the Sponsor Investor as the holder of record of Registrable
Common Stock, and (ii) any direct or indirect transferee of such Registrable Common Stock from the
Sponsor Investor. For purposes of this Agreement, the Company may deem and treat the registered
holder of Registrable Common Stock as the Holder and absolute owner thereof, and the Company shall
not be affected by any notice to the contrary.
(f) Person means any individual, sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability
company, joint venture, trust, incorporated organization, association, corporation, institution,
public benefit corporation, government (whether federal, state, county, city, municipal or
otherwise, including, without limitation, any instrumentality, division, agency, body or department
thereof) or any other entity.
(g) Prospectus means the prospectus or prospectuses included in any Registration
Statement (including, without limitation, any prospectus subject to completion and a prospectus
that includes any information previously omitted from a prospectus filed as part of an effective
registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A promulgated under the Securities Act and any term
sheet filed pursuant to Rule 434 under the Securities Act), as amended or supplemented by any
prospectus supplement with respect to the terms of the offering of any portion of the Registrable
Common Stock covered by such Registration Statement and by all other amendments and supplements to
the prospectus, including post-effective amendments and all material incorporated by reference or
deemed to be incorporated by reference in such prospectus or prospectuses.
(h) Registrable Common Stock means the Shares, upon original issuance thereof and at
all times subsequent thereto, including upon the transfer thereof by the original Holder or any
subsequent Holder and any securities issued in respect of such Shares by reason of or in connection
with any exchange for or replacement of such securities or any stock dividend, stock distribution,
stock split, purchase in any rights offering or in connection with any combination of shares,
recapitalization, merger or consolidation, or any other equity securities issued pursuant to any
other pro rata distribution with respect to the Shares, until, in the case of any such securities,
the earliest to occur of (i) the date on which such securities have been registered effectively
pursuant to the Securities Act and disposed of in accordance with the Registration Statement
relating to such securities or (ii) the date on which either such securities are distributed to the
public or are saleable, in each case pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated by the SEC pursuant to the
Securities Act.
(i) Registration Statement means any registration statement of the Company filed
with the SEC under the Securities Act which covers any of the Registrable Common Stock pursuant to
the provisions of this Agreement, including the Prospectus, amendments and supplements to such
Registration Statement, including post-effective amendments, all exhibits and all materials
incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference in such Registration Statement.
(j) Rule 415 means Rule 415 promulgated by the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act,
as such Rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar Rule or regulation hereafter adopted
by the SEC as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.
(k) SEC means the Securities and Exchange Commission.
(l) Securities Act means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(m) Underwritten registration or underwritten offering means a registration in which
securities of the Company are sold to underwriters for reoffering to the public.
- 2 -
Section 2. Demand Registrations.
(a) Right to Request Registration. Beginning on [ ], 2012, any Holder or Holders
(the Initiating Holders) may request registration under the Securities Act of all or part
of the Registrable Common Stock (a Demand Registration) at any time and from time to
time; provided, however, that no Initiating Holder may request more than two (2) Demand
Registrations. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, for purposes of this
Section 2(a), a Holders Registrable Common Stock shall include any and all unissued Warrant Shares
issuable upon exercise of such Holders Sponsor Warrants.
Within ten (10) Business Days after receipt of any such request for Demand Registration, the
Company shall give written notice of such request to all other Holders of Registrable Common Stock,
if any, and shall, subject to the provisions of Sections 2(b) and 2(c) hereof,
include in such registration all such Registrable Common Stock with respect to which the Company
has received written requests for inclusion therein within ten (10) Business Days after the receipt
of the Companys notice.
(b) Priority on Demand Registrations. If the managing underwriters of a requested
Demand Registration advise the Company in writing that in their opinion the number of shares of
Registrable Common Stock proposed to be included in any such registration exceeds the number of
securities that can be sold in such offering and/or that the number of shares of Registrable Common
Stock proposed to be included in any such registration would materially adversely affect the price
per share of the Companys equity securities to be sold in such offering, the Company shall include
in such registration only the number of shares of Registrable Common Stock that, in the opinion of
such managing underwriters, can be sold. If the number of shares that the managing underwriters
believe may be sold is less than the number of shares of Registrable Common Stock proposed to be
registered, the Company shall allocate the amount of Registrable Common Stock to be so sold among
the Holders pro rata on the basis of Registrable Common Stock offered for such registration by each
Holder electing to participate in such registration but only after giving first priority to any
shares of Common Stock that the Company may desire to sell in the offering. If the number of
shares that the managing underwriters believe may be sold exceeds the number of shares of
Registrable Common Stock proposed to be sold, such excess shall be allocated pro rata among the
other holders of Common Stock, if any, desiring to participate in such registration based on the
amount of such Common Stock initially requested to be registered by such holders or as such holders
may otherwise agree but only after giving first priority to any shares of Common Stock that the
Company may desire to sell in the offering.
(c) Restrictions on Demand Registrations. The Company shall not be obligated to effect
any Demand Registration within six (6) months after the effective date of a previous Demand
Registration or a previous registration under which the Initiating Holders had piggyback rights
pursuant to Section 3 hereof wherein the Initiating Holders were permitted to register, and
sold, at least 50% of the shares of Registrable Common Stock requested to be included therein. The
Company may in connection with any and each Demand Registration (i) postpone for up to ninety (90)
days the filing, the effectiveness or withdraw of a Registration Statement for a Demand
Registration if, based on the good faith judgment of the Companys board of directors, such
postponement or withdrawal is necessary in order to avoid premature disclosure of a matter
- 3 -
the board has determined would not be in the best interest of the Company to be disclosed at
such time or (ii) postpone the filing of a Demand Registration in the event the Company shall be
required to prepare audited financial statements as of a date other than its fiscal year end
(unless the Holders requesting such registration agree to pay the expenses of such an audit);
provided, however, that in no event shall the Company withdraw a Registration Statement under
clause (i) after such Registration Statement has been declared effective; and provided, further,
however; that in any of the events described in clause (i) or (ii) above, the Initiating Holders
requesting such Demand Registration shall be entitled to withdraw such request. The Company shall
provide written notice to the Initiating Holders requesting such Demand Registration of (x) any
postponement or withdrawal of the filing or effectiveness of a Registration Statement pursuant to
this Section 2(c), (y) the Companys decision to file or seek effectiveness of such
Registration Statement following such withdrawal or postponement and (z) the effectiveness of such
Registration Statement.
(d) Selection of Underwriters. If any of the Registrable Common Stock covered by a
Demand Registration hereof is to be sold in an underwritten offering, the Initiating Holders
holding at least 50% of the Shares of Registrable Common Stock requested to be included therein
shall have the right to select the managing underwriter(s) to administer the offering subject to
the approval of the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld.
(e) Effective Period of Demand Registrations. After any Registration Statement filed
pursuant to a Demand Registration has become effective, the Company shall use its best efforts to
keep such Registration Statement effective until such date on which no Holders hold Registrable
Common Stock registered thereunder. If the Company shall withdraw or reduce the number of shares of
Registrable Common Stock that is subject to any Registration Statement pursuant to subsection (b)
of this Section 2 (a Withdrawn Demand Registration), the Initiating Holders of
the Registrable Common Stock remaining unsold and originally covered by such Withdrawn Demand
Registration shall be entitled to a replacement Registration Statement (subject to the provisions
of this Section 2), and such additional Registration Statement otherwise shall be subject
to all of the provisions of this Agreement. The Company shall use its best efforts to keep
effective for a period commencing on the effective date of such Registration Statement and ending
on the date on which no Holders hold Registrable Common Stock registered thereunder. If the
Company has an effective Registration Statement on Form S-11 under the Securities Act and becomes
eligible to use Form S-3 or such other short-form registration statement under the Securities Act,
the Company may, upon thirty (30) Business Days prior written notice to all Holders of Registrable
Common Stock, register any Registrable Common Stock registered but not yet distributed under the
effective Registration Statement on such short-form registration statement (which shall thereupon
constitute a Registration Statement hereunder) and, once such short-form Registration Statement is
declared effective, de-register such Registrable Common Stock under, and withdraw, the previous
Registration Statement or transfer filing fees from the previous Registration Statement pursuant to
Rule 429 of the Securities Act.
(f) Underwritten Offerings. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall the
Company be obligated to effect more than one (1) underwritten offering hereunder in any single six
(6) month period, with the first such period measured from the effective date of the
- 4 -
Registration Statement filed pursuant to the first Demand Registration and ending six (6)
months after such effective date, whether or not a Business Day.
Section 3. Piggyback Registrations.
(a) Right to Piggyback. From and after the date hereof, whenever the Company proposes
to register any of its common equity securities under the Securities Act (other than a registration
statement on Form S-8 or on Form S-4 or any similar successor forms thereto), whether for its own
account or for the account of one or more stockholders of the Company, and the registration form to
be used may be used for any registration of Registrable Common Stock (a Piggyback
Registration), the Company shall give prompt written notice (in any event within ten (10)
business days after its receipt of notice of any exercise of other demand registration rights) to
the Sponsor Investor of its intention to effect such a registration and, subject to Sections
3(b) and 3(c), shall include in such registration all Registrable Common Stock with
respect to which the Company has received a written request from the Sponsor Investor for inclusion
therein within ten (10) days after the receipt of the Companys notice. The Company may postpone
or withdraw the filing or the effectiveness of the Registration Statement relating to a Piggyback
Registration at any time in its sole discretion. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this
Agreement, only the Sponsor Investor shall have the right to register its Registrable Common Stock
in a Piggyback Registration.
(b) Priority on Primary Registrations. If the Registration Statement relating to a
Piggyback Registration is a Registration Statement relating to an underwritten primary offering of
securities on behalf of the Company, and the managing underwriters advise the Company in writing
that in their opinion the number of securities requested to be included in such registration
exceeds the number that can be sold in such offering and/or that the number of shares of
Registrable Common Stock proposed to be included in any such registration would adversely affect the price per share of the Companys equity securities to be sold in such
offering, the underwriting shall be allocated (i) first, to the Company and (ii)
second, to the Sponsor Investor but only after giving first priority to the Shares of
Common Stock that the Company decides to sell in such offering.
(c) Priority on Secondary Registrations. If a Piggyback Registration is an
underwritten secondary registration on behalf of a holder of the Companys securities other than
Registrable Common Stock (the Non-Holder Securities), and the managing underwriters
advise the Company in writing that in their opinion the number of securities requested to be
included in such registration exceeds the number that can be sold in such offering and/or that the
number of shares of Registrable Common Stock proposed to be included in any such registration would
adversely affect the price per share of the Companys equity securities to be sold in
such offering, the underwriting shall be allocated among the holders of Non-Holder Securities and
the Sponsor Investor pro-rata on the basis of the Non-Holder Securities and Registrable Common
Stock offered in such offering by the holder of Non-Holder Securities and the Sponsor Investor,
respectively, electing to participate in such registration.
(d) Selection of Underwriters. If any Piggyback Registration is an underwritten
primary offering, the Company shall have the sole right to select the managing underwriter or
underwriters and all other underwriters to administer any such offering.
- 5 -
(e) Other Registrations. If the Company has previously filed a Registration Statement
with respect to Registrable Common Stock pursuant to Section 2 hereof or pursuant to this
Section 3, and if such previous Registration Statement has not been withdrawn or abandoned,
the Company shall not be obligated to cause to become effective any other Registration Statement
registering any of its securities under the Securities Act, whether on its own behalf or at the
request of any holder or holders of such securities, until a period of at least three (3) months
has elapsed from the effective date of such previous Registration Statement.
Section 4. Holdback Agreement.
In connection with an underwritten primary or secondary offering to the public, each Holder
agrees, subject to any exceptions and extensions that may be agreed upon at the time of such
offering, not to sell, pledge or otherwise transfer or dispose of or enter into any swap or
derivatives transaction with respect to any shares of Registrable Common Stock (or other
securities) of the Company held by them (other than Registrable Common Stock included in such
offering in accordance with the terms hereof) for a period equal to the lesser of one hundred
eighty (180) days following the effective date of a Registration Statement of the Company filed
under the Securities Act or such shorter period as the managing underwriters shall agree to with
the officers and directors of the Company for the similar agreement, if any, executed by such
officers and directors in connection with such offering, but, in each case, subject to customary
exceptions upon the occurrence of certain events as provided in such holdback agreement; provided
that all other stockholders who own more than ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Common Stock of
the Company and all officers and directors of the Company enter into similar agreements. Such
agreement shall be in writing in form reasonably satisfactory to the Company and the managing
underwriters. The Company may impose stop-transfer instructions with respect to the shares of
Registrable Common Stock (or other securities) subject to the foregoing restriction until the end
of such period.
Section 5. Registration Procedures.
Whenever the Holders request that any Registrable Common Stock be registered pursuant to this
Agreement, the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to effect and maintain the
registration and the sale of such Registrable Common Stock in accordance with the intended methods
of disposition thereof, and pursuant thereto the Company shall as soon as commercially practicable:
(a) prepare and file with the SEC a Registration Statement with respect to such Registrable
Common Stock and use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such Registration Statement to
become effective as soon as practicable thereafter; and before filing a Registration Statement or
Prospectus or any amendments or supplements thereto, furnish to the Holders of Registrable Common
Stock covered by such Registration Statement and the underwriter or underwriters, if any, copies of
all such documents proposed to be filed, including, if requested by such Holders, documents
incorporated by reference in the Prospectus and, if requested by such Holders, the exhibits
incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference, and such Holders shall have the opportunity to
object to any information pertaining to such Holders that is contained therein and the Company will
make the corrections reasonably requested by
- 6 -
such Holders with respect to such information prior to filing any Registration Statement or
amendment thereto or any Prospectus or any supplement thereto;
(b) prepare and file with the SEC such amendments and supplements to such Registration
Statement and the Prospectus used in connection therewith as may be necessary to keep such
Registration Statement effective, in the case of a Demand Registration, until such date on which no
Holders hold Registrable Common Stock registered thereunder and comply with the provisions of the
Securities Act with respect to the disposition of all securities covered by such Registration
Statement during such period in accordance with the intended methods of disposition by the sellers
thereof set forth in such Registration Statement;
(c) furnish to each seller of Registrable Common Stock (without charge) such number of copies
of such Registration Statement, each amendment and supplement thereto, the Prospectus included in
such Registration Statement (including each preliminary Prospectus) and such other documents as
such seller may reasonably request in order to facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Common
Stock owned by such seller, and the Company consents to the use of such Prospectus, including each
preliminary Prospectus, by Holders of Registrable Common Stock, in connection with the offering and
sale of Registrable Common Stock covered by any such Prospectus;
(d) use its commercially reasonable efforts to register or qualify such Registrable Common
Stock under such other securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdictions as any seller reasonably
requests and do any and all other acts and things which may be reasonably necessary or advisable to
enable such seller to consummate the disposition in such jurisdictions of the Registrable Common
Stock owned by such seller (provided, that the Company will not be required to (i) qualify
generally to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify
but for this subparagraph (d), (ii) subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction or (iii)
consent to general service of process in any such jurisdiction);
(e) notify each seller of such Registrable Common Stock, at any time when a Prospectus
relating thereto is required to be delivered under the Securities Act, of the occurrence of any
event as a result of which the Registration Statement, including the Prospectus contained therein,
contains an untrue statement of a material fact or omits any fact required to be stated therein or
necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and, at the request of any such seller,
the Company shall prepare a supplement or amendment to such Registration Statement so that, as
thereafter delivered to the purchasers of such Registrable Common Stock, such Prospectus shall not
contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make
the statements therein not misleading;
(f) in the case of an underwritten offering, enter into such customary agreements (including
underwriting agreements and lock-up and hold back agreements in customary form) and take all such
other actions as the Holders of a majority of number of shares of the Registrable Common Stock
being sold or the underwriters, if any, reasonably request in order to expedite or facilitate the
disposition of such Registrable Common Stock (including making executive officers of the Company
available to participate in, and cause them to cooperate with the underwriters in connection with,
road-show and other customary marketing activities (including one-on-one meetings with
prospective purchasers of the Registrable Common Stock),
- 7 -
and cause to be delivered to the underwriters and the sellers, if any, opinions of counsel to
the Company in customary form, covering such matters as are customarily covered by opinions for an
underwritten public offering as the underwriters may request and addressed to the underwriters and
the sellers);
(g) subject to receipt of reasonably acceptable confidentiality agreements, make available for
inspection by representatives of a seller of Registrable Common Stock, any underwriter
participating in any disposition pursuant to such Registration Statement, and any attorney,
accountant or other agent retained by any such seller or underwriter, all financial and other
records, pertinent corporate documents and properties of the Company, and cause the Companys
officers, directors and independent accountants to supply all information reasonably requested by
any such seller, underwriter, attorney, accountant or agent in connection with such Registration
Statement;
(h) to use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause all such Registrable Common Stock to
be listed on each securities exchange on which securities of the same class issued by the Company
are then listed or, if no such similar securities are then listed, on a national securities
exchange selected by the Company;
(i) provide a transfer agent and registrar for all such Registrable Common Stock not later
than the effective date of such Registration Statement;
(j) if requested, cause to be delivered, immediately prior to the effectiveness of the
Registration Statement (and, in the case of an underwritten offering, at the time of delivery of
any Registrable Common Stock sold pursuant thereto), letters from the Companys independent
certified public accountants addressed to each selling Holder (unless such selling Holder does not
provide to such accountants the appropriate representation letter required by rules governing the
accounting profession) and each underwriter, if any, stating that such accountants are independent
public accountants within the meaning of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and
regulations adopted by the SEC thereunder, and otherwise in customary form and covering such
financial and accounting matters as are customarily covered by letters of the independent certified
public accountants delivered in connection with primary or secondary underwritten public offerings,
as the case may be;
(k) make generally available to its stockholders a consolidated earnings statement (which need
not be audited) for the 12 months (or, if applicable, such shorter period that the Company has been
in existence) beginning after the effective date of a Registration Statement as soon as reasonably
practicable after the end of such period, which earnings statement shall satisfy the requirements
of an earning statement under Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 thereunder;
(l) cooperate with each selling Holder of Registrable Common Stock and each underwriter
participating in the disposition of such Registrable Common Stock and their respective counsel in
connection with any filings required to be made with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority,
Inc. and make reasonably available its employees and personnel and otherwise provide reasonable
assistance to the underwriters (taking into account the needs of the
- 8 -
Companys businesses and the requirements of the marketing process) in the marketing of
Registrable Common Stock in any underwritten offering;
(m) use its commercially reasonable best efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or
other suspension of effectiveness of a Registration Statement, or the suspension of the
qualification of any of the Registrable Common Stock for sale in any jurisdiction and, if such an
order or suspension is issued, to use reasonable efforts to obtain the withdrawal of such order or
suspension at the earliest possible moment and to notify each seller of Registrable Common Stock
being sold of the issuance of such order and the resolution thereof or its receipt of actual notice
of the initiation or threat of any proceeding for such purpose;
(n) promptly notify each seller of Registrable Common Stock and the underwriter or
underwriters, if any:
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(i) |
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when the Registration Statement, pre-effective amendment, the
Prospectus or any Prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the
Registration Statement has been filed and, with respect to the Registration
Statement or any post-effective amendment, when the same has become effective; |
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(ii) |
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of any written request by the SEC for amendments or supplements
to the Registration Statement or Prospectus; |
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(iii) |
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of the notification to the Company by the SEC of its
initiation of any proceeding with respect to the issuance by the SEC of any
stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement; and |
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(iv) |
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of the receipt by the Company of any notification with respect
to the suspension of the qualification of any Registrable Common Stock for sale
under the applicable securities or blue sky laws of any jurisdiction; |
(o) at all times after the Company has filed a registration statement with the SEC pursuant to
the requirements of either the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, the Company shall file all
reports and other documents required to be filed by it under the Securities Act and the Exchange
Act and the rules and regulations adopted by the SEC thereunder, and take such further action as
any Holders may reasonably request, all to the extent required to enable such Holders to be
eligible to sell Registrable Common Stock pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act (or any
similar rule then in effect);
(p) as a condition to being included in any Registration Statement, the Company may require
each seller of Registrable Common Stock as to which any registration is being effected to furnish
to the Company any other information regarding such seller and the distribution of such securities
as the Company may from time to time reasonably request in writing;
(q) each seller of Registrable Common Stock agrees by having its stock treated as Registrable
Common Stock hereunder that, upon notice of the happening of any event as a result of which the
Prospectus included in such Registration Statement contains an untrue statement of a material fact
or omits any material fact necessary to make the statements therein not misleading
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(a Suspension Notice), such seller will forthwith discontinue disposition of
Registrable Common Stock until such seller is advised in writing by the Company that the use of the
Prospectus may be resumed and is furnished with a supplemented or amended Prospectus as
contemplated by Section 5(e) hereof, and, if so directed by the Company, such seller, at
its option, either will destroy or deliver to the Company (at the Companys expense) all copies,
other than permanent file copies then in such sellers possession, of the Prospectus covering such
Registrable Common Stock current at the time of receipt of such notice; provided, however, that
such postponement of sales of Registrable Common Stock by the Holders shall not exceed thirty (30)
days in the aggregate in any three-month period or ninety (90) days in the aggregate in any one
year period except as a result of a refusal by the SEC to declare any post-effective amendment to
the Registration Statement effective after the Company has used all commercially reasonable efforts
to cause such post-effective amendment to be declared effective, in which case the Company shall
terminate the suspension of the use of the Registration Statement immediately following the
effective date of the post-effective amendment. If the Company shall give any notice to suspend the
disposition of Registrable Common Stock pursuant to a Prospectus, the Company shall extend the
period of time during which the Company is required to maintain the Registration Statement
effective pursuant to this Agreement by the number of days during the period from and including the
date of the giving of such notice to and including the date such seller either is advised by the
Company that the use of the Prospectus may be resumed or receives the copies of the supplemented or
amended Prospectus contemplated by Section 5(e). In any event, the Company shall not be
entitled to deliver more than three (3) Suspension Notices in any one year; and
(r) not less than three (3) Business Days prior to the filing of a Registration Statement or
any amendment thereto, the Company shall furnish to the selling Holders copies of all such
documents proposed to be filed, which documents shall be subject to the review of such selling
Holders. In connection with the selling Holders review of such documents, the selling Holders
agree that they shall provide to the Company within two (2) Business Days after receipt of such
document (i) a written consent relating to the inclusion of the information set forth in the
Registration Statement with respect to the selling Holder or (ii) any written comments relating to
the information set forth in the Registration Statement with respect to the selling Holder.
Section 6. Registration Expenses.
(a) All fees and expenses incident to the Companys performance of or compliance with this
Agreement, including, without limitation, all registration and filing fees, fees and expenses of
compliance with securities or blue sky laws, listing application fees, FINRA filing fees, printing,
word processing, telephone, messenger and delivery expenses, transfer agents and registrars fees,
cost of distributing Prospectuses in preliminary and final form as well as any supplements thereto,
and fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company, one counsel retained by the Holders of
Registrable Common Stock and all independent certified public accountants and other Persons
retained by the Company (all such expenses being herein called Registration Expenses) (but not
including any underwriting discounts or commissions attributable to the sale of Registrable Common
Stock or fees and expenses of more than one counsel representing the Holders of Registrable Common
Stock, which shall be borne by the Holders), shall be borne by the Company (whether or not any
Registration Statement is declared effective or any of the transactions described herein is
consummated). In addition, the Company
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shall pay its internal expenses, the expense of any annual audit or quarterly review, the
expense of any liability insurance and the expenses and fees for listing the securities to be
registered on each securities exchange on which they are to be listed.
(b) In connection with each registration initiated hereunder (whether a Demand Registration
(with respect to the Holders) or a Piggyback Registration (with respect to the Sponsor Investor)),
the Company shall reimburse the Holders covered by such registration or sale for the reasonable
fees and disbursements of one law firm chosen by the Holders of a majority of the number of shares
of Registrable Common Stock included in such registration sale.
(c) The obligation of the Company to bear the expenses described in Section 6(a) and
to reimburse the Holders for the expenses described in Section 6(b) shall apply
irrespective of whether a registration, once properly demanded, if applicable, becomes effective,
is withdrawn or suspended, is converted to another form of registration and irrespective of when
any of the foregoing shall occur; provided, however, that Registration Expenses for any
Registration Statement withdrawn solely at the request of a Holder of Registrable Common Stock
(unless withdrawn following postponement of filing by the Company in accordance with Section
2(c)(i) or (ii)) or any supplements or amendments to a Registration Statement or
Prospectus resulting from a misstatement furnished to the Company by a Holder shall be borne by
such Holder.
Section 7. Indemnification.
(a) The Company shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law,
each Holder, its officers, directors and, Affiliates, employees and agents of such Holder and each
Person, if any, who controls such Holder (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or
Section 20 of the Exchange Act) from and against all losses, claims, damages, liabilities,
judgments and expenses (including without limitation, the reasonable fees and other expenses
incurred in connection with any suit, action, investigation or proceeding or any claim asserted)
caused by, arising out of, in connection with or based upon, any untrue or alleged untrue statement
of material fact contained in any Registration Statement, Prospectus (including any preliminary
Prospectus) or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto or any omission or alleged omission of a
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the
light of the circumstances under which they were made (in the case of the Prospectus), not
misleading or any violation or alleged violation by the Company of the Securities Act, the Exchange
Act or applicable blue sky laws, except insofar as the same are made in reliance and in
conformity with information relating to such Holder furnished in writing to the Company by such
Holder expressly for use therein or caused by such Holders failure to deliver to such Holders
immediate purchaser a copy of the Prospectus or any amendments or supplements thereto (if the same
was required by applicable law to be so delivered) after the Company has furnished such Holder with
a sufficient number of copies of the same.
(b) In connection with any Registration Statement in which a Holder of Registrable Common
Stock is participating, each such Holder shall furnish to the Company in writing such information
and affidavits as the Company reasonably requests for use in connection with any such Registration
Statement or Prospectus and, shall indemnify, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company,
its officers, directors, Affiliates, and each Person who controls the
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Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange
Act (excluding Sponsor Investor to the extent that Sponsor Investor is the Holder of the
Registrable Common Stock), against all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses arising
out of or based upon any untrue or alleged untrue statement of material fact contained in the
Registration Statement, Prospectus or preliminary Prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement
thereto or any omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or
necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were
made (in the case of the Prospectus), not misleading, but only to the extent that the same are made
in reliance and in conformity with information relating to such Holder furnished in writing to the
Company by such Holder expressly for use therein or caused by such Holders failure to deliver to
such Holders immediate purchaser a copy of the Prospectus or any amendments or supplements thereto
(if the same was required by applicable law to be so delivered) after the Company has furnished
such Holder with a sufficient number of copies of the same; provided, however, that the obligation
to indemnify shall be several, not joint and several, among such Holders and the liability of each
such Holder shall be in proportion to and limited to the net amount received by such Holder from
the sale of Registrable Common Stock pursuant to such Registration Statement.
(c) Any Person entitled to indemnification hereunder shall (i) give prompt written notice to
the indemnifying party of any claim with respect to which it seeks indemnification and (ii) unless
in such indemnified partys reasonable judgment a conflict of interest between such indemnified and
indemnifying parties may exist with respect to such claim, such indemnifying party shall assume the
defense of such claim with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party. If such
defense is assumed, the indemnifying party shall not be subject to any liability for any settlement
made by the indemnified party without its consent (but such consent will not be unreasonably
withheld, conditioned or delayed). An indemnifying party who is not entitled to, or elects not to,
assume the defense of a claim shall not be obligated to pay the fees and expenses of more than one
counsel for each party indemnified by such indemnifying party with respect to such claim, unless in
the reasonable judgment of any indemnified party there may be one or more legal or equitable
defenses available to such indemnified party which are in addition to or may conflict with those
available to another indemnified party with respect to such claim. Failure to give prompt written
notice shall not release the indemnifying party from its obligations hereunder. No indemnifying
party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, consent to entry of any
judgment or enter into any settlement or other compromise (i) which does not include as an
unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such indemnified party of a
release from all liability in respect to such claim or litigation or (ii) which includes any
statement of admission of fault, culpability or failure to act by or on behalf of such indemnified
party.
(d) The indemnification provided for under this Agreement shall remain in full force and
effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the indemnified party or any
officer, director or controlling Person of such indemnified party and shall survive the transfer of
securities or the termination of this agreement.
(e) If the indemnification provided for in or pursuant to this Section 6 is
unavailable, unenforceable or insufficient to hold harmless any indemnified party in respect of any
losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses referred to herein, then each applicable
indemnifying
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party, in lieu of indemnifying such indemnified party, shall contribute to the amount paid or
payable by such indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or
expenses in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the indemnifying
party on the one hand and of the indemnified party on the other in connection with the statements
or omissions which result in such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses as well as any
other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of the indemnifying party on the one
hand and of the indemnified party on the other shall be determined by reference to, among other
things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or
alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the indemnifying party
or by the indemnified party, and by such partys relative intent, knowledge, access to information
and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. In no event shall the liability
of any selling Holder be greater in amount than the amount of net proceeds received by such Holder
upon such sale or the amount for which such indemnifying party would have been obligated to pay by
way of indemnification if the indemnification provided for under Section 7(a) or
7(b) hereof had been available under the circumstances. The indemnity and contribution
agreements contained in this Section 7 are in addition to any liability which the
indemnifying parties may otherwise have to the indemnified parties hereunder, under applicable law
or at equity.
Section 8. Participation in Underwritten Registrations.
No Person may participate in any registration hereunder that is underwritten unless such
Person (a) agrees to sell such Persons securities on the basis provided in any underwriting
arrangements approved by the Person or Persons entitled hereunder to approve such arrangements and
(b) completes and executes all questionnaires, powers of attorney, indemnities, underwriting
agreements, certificates and other documents and provides all legal opinions and other documents required under the terms of such underwriting
arrangements.
Section 9. Rule 144.
The
Company covenants that it shall use its best efforts to file the reports required to be filed by it under the
Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations adopted by the SEC thereunder in
accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, and it will take such
further action as any Holder may reasonably request to make available adequate current public
information with respect to the Company meeting the current public information requirements of Rule
144(c) under the Securities Act (to the extent such information is available), to the extent
required to enable such Holder to sell Registrable Common Stock without registration under the
Securities Act within the limitation of the exemptions provided by (i) Rule 144 under the
Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or (ii) any similar rule or
regulation hereafter adopted by the SEC. Upon the request of any Holder, the Company will deliver
to such Holder a written statement as to whether it has complied with such information and
requirements.
Section 10. Miscellaneous.
(a) Notices. All notices, requests and other communications to any party hereunder
shall be in writing (including facsimile or similar writing) and shall be given,
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If to the Company:
Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
3305 Flamingo Drive
Vero Beach, Florida 32963
Facsimile No.: (722) 231-8896
If to Sponsor Investor:
Bimini Capital Management, Inc.
3305 Flamingo Drive
Vero Beach, Florida 32963
Facsimile No.: (722) 231-8896
If to a transferee Holder, to the address of such Holder set forth in the transfer
documentation provided to the Company; or such other address or facsimile number as such party (or
transferee) may hereafter specify for the purpose by notice to the other parties. Each such notice,
request or other communication shall be effective (a) if given by facsimile, when such facsimile is
transmitted to the facsimile number specified in this Section 10(a) and the appropriate
facsimile confirmation is received or (b) if given by any other means, when delivered at the
address specified in this Section.
(b) No Waivers. No failure or delay by any party in exercising any right, power or
privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof nor shall any single or partial exercise
thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or
privilege. The rights and remedies herein provided shall be cumulative and not exclusive of any
rights or remedies provided by law.
(c) Expenses. Except as otherwise provided for herein or otherwise agreed to in
writing by the parties hereto, all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the preparation
of this Agreement shall be paid by the Company.
(d) Successors and Assigns. The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and
inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns, it being
understood that subsequent Holders of the Registrable Common Stock are intended third party
beneficiaries hereof.
(e) Governing Law. This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties under
this Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and interpreted in accordance with, the law of
the State of Maryland, without regard to principles of conflicts of law. Each of the parties hereto
irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Maryland and the
United States District Court for any district within such state for the purpose of any action or
judgment relating to or arising out of this Agreement or any of the transactions contemplated
hereby and to the laying of venue in such court.
(f) Jurisdiction. Any suit, action or proceeding seeking to enforce any provision of,
or based on any matter arising out of or in connection with, this Agreement or the transactions
- 14 -
contemplated hereby may be brought in any federal or state court located in the State of
Maryland, and each of the parties hereto hereby consents to the jurisdiction of such courts (and of
the appropriate appellate courts therefrom) in any such suit, action or proceeding and irrevocably
waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection which it may now or hereafter have to
the laying of the venue of any such suit, action or proceeding in any such court or that any such
suit, action or proceeding which is brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient
forum. Process in any such suit, action or proceeding may be served on any party hereto anywhere in
the world, whether within or without the jurisdiction of any such court. Without limiting the
foregoing, each party agrees that service of process on such party as provided in Section
9(a) shall be deemed effective service of process on such party.
(g) Waiver of Jury Trial.
EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY
LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED
HEREBY.
(h) Counterparts; Effectiveness. This Agreement may be signed in any number of
counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto
and hereto were upon the same instrument.
(i) Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the
parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement and supersedes all prior agreements
and understandings, both oral and written, between the parties hereto with respect to the
transactions contemplated herein. No provision of this Agreement or any other agreement
contemplated hereby is intended to confer on any Person other than the parties hereto any rights or
remedies.
(j) Captions. The captions herein are included for convenience of reference only and
shall be ignored in the construction or interpretation hereof.
(k) Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is
held by a court of competent jurisdiction or other authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable,
the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions of this Agreement shall remain
in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated so long as the
economic or legal substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is not affected in any manner
materially adverse to any party hereto. Upon such a determination, the parties hereto shall
negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the parties
as closely as possible in an acceptable manner in order that the transactions contemplated hereby
be consummated as originally contemplated to the fullest extent possible.
(l) Amendments. The provisions of this Agreement, including the provisions of this
sentence, may not be amended, modified or supplemented, and waivers or consents to departures from
the provisions hereof may not be given without the prior written consent of the Holders of a
majority of the Registrable Common Stock; provided, further, that the consent or agreement of the
Company shall be required with regard to any termination, amendment, modification or
- 15 -
supplement of, or waivers or consents to departures from, the terms hereof, which affect the
Companys obligations hereunder.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Registration Rights Agreement has been duly executed by each of the
parties hereto as of the date first written above
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ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC. |
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By: |
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Name:
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Robert E. Cauley |
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Title:
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Chief Executive Officer and President |
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BIMINI CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC. |
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By: |
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Name:
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G. Hunter Haas, IV |
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Title:
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President, Chief Investment Officer and Chief Financial Officer |
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exv10w4
Exhibit 10.4
INVESTMENT ALLOCATION AGREEMENT
This INVESTMENT ALLOCATION AGREEMENT (this Agreement) is dated as of [ ], 2011, by
and among Orchid Island Capital, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the Company), Bimini
Advisors, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the Manager), and Bimini Capital Management,
Inc., a Maryland corporation (Bimini).
WHEREAS, the Company invests in residential mortgage-backed securities the principal and
interest payments of which are guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal
Home Loan Mortgage Corporation or the Government National Mortgage Association (the Target
Assets);
WHEREAS, pursuant to a Management Agreement, dated as of the date hereof (the Management
Agreement), by and between the Company and the Manager, the Company will be externally managed
and advised by the Manager, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary an affiliate of Bimini;
WHEREAS, Bimini invests in certain of the Target Assets;
WHEREAS, The Manager may in the future manage other accounts that invest in the Target Assets
(a Manager Account);
WHEREAS, the Manager and Bimini wish to provide the Company with certain rights to invest in
Target Assets identified by Bimini or the Manager; and
WHEREAS, the Manager and Bimini have agreed to the additional sponsorship and management
restrictions as set forth herein.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements herein made and intending to be
legally bound, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
Section 1.01 Other Investment Vehicles.
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(a) |
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Each of the Manager and Bimini represent and warrant to the Company that
neither the Manager nor Bimini currently sponsor or manage any real estate
investment trust that has substantially the same investment strategy as Bimini or
the Company (a Competing Investment Vehicle). |
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(b) |
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Each of the Manager and Bimini agree that during the Term (as defined
below) of this Agreement, neither the Manager nor Bimini will sponsor or manage any
Competing Investment Vehicle. |
Section 1.02 Allocation Agreement.
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(a) |
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The Manager and Bimini hereby agree that they will make available to the
Company pursuant to this Section 1.02 all investment opportunities in Target
Assets made available to the Manager or Bimini, as the case may be. |
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(b) |
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Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 1.02(a) hereof, if the
amount of available Target Assets is less than the amount needed by the Company,
Bimini or any other Manager Account, either the Manager or Bimini, as the case may be,
shall allocate such Target Assets to each such Manager Account, Bimini and the Company
based on the following factors (the Allocation Procedures): |
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the primary investment strategy of Bimini, the relevant Manager
Accounts and the Company; |
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(ii) |
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the effect of the Target Assets on the diversification of each
of Biminis, the relevant Manager Accounts and the Companys portfolio by
coupon, purchase price, size, payment characteristics and leverage; |
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(iii) |
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the cash requirements of each of Bimini, the relevant Manager
Accounts and the Company; |
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(iv) |
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the anticipated cash flow of each of Biminis, the relevant
Manager Accounts and the Companys portfolio; and |
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(v) |
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the amount of funds available to each of Bimini, the relevant
Manager Accounts and the Company and the length of time such funds have been
available for investment. |
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Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Allocation
Procedures shall not be required to be followed by Bimini or the Manager (i) with
respect to the allocation of purchases of whole-pool residential mortgage-backed
securities and (ii) if such allocation procedures would result in an inefficiently
small amount of Target Assets being purchased for either Bimini, a Manager Account or
the Company, as the case may be. |
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(d) |
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If Target Assets are not allocated among Bimini, a Manager Account and/or the
Company pursuant to the Allocation Procedures due to the provisions of Section
1.2(c) hereof, either Bimini or the Manager, as the case may be, shall allocate
any future purchases of Target Assets that are not subject to the Allocation
Procedures in a manner such that, on an overall basis, each of Bimini, the relevant
Manager Accounts and the Company are treated equitably. |
Section 1.03 Cross Transactions
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The Manager shall not cause the Company or any of its subsidiaries to
purchase assets, including Target Assets, from, or sell assets, including Target
Assets, to, any Manager Account (a Cross Transaction); provided, however,
that the Manager |
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may cause the Company or any of its subsidiaries to enter into a Cross Transaction if
(i) such Cross Transaction is in the best interests of, and is consistent with the
investment objectives and policies of, the Company and (ii) unless otherwise approved
by a majority of the independent (as defined in the Companys Corporate Governance
Guidelines) members (the Independent Members) of the Board of Directors of the
Company (the Board) or conducted in accordance with a policy that has been
approved by a majority of the Independent Members, such Cross Transaction is effected
at the then-current market price for the assets subject to such Cross Transaction. |
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(b) |
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If assets subject to a Cross Transaction do not have a readily observable
market price, then such Cross Transaction may be effected (i) at prices based upon
third party bids received through auction, (ii) at the average of the highest bid and
lowest offer quoted by third-party dealers or (iii) according to another pricing
methodology approved by the Managers Chief Compliance Officer. |
Section 1.04 Principal Transactions. The Manager shall not cause the Company or any of its
subsidiaries to purchase assets, including Target Assets, from, or sell assets, including Target
Assets, to, the Manager or Bimini (or any related party of the Manager or Bimini, including their
respective employees and their employees families) (a Principal Transaction); provided,
however, that the Manager may cause the Company or any of its subsidiaries to enter into a
Principal Transaction if such Principal Transaction has been previously approved by a majority of
the Independent Members. Such approval shall include the approval of the pricing methodology
(including for assets with no readily observable market price) to be used in the Principal
Transaction and shall be evidenced by a signed written consent of a majority of the Independent
Members. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Principal Transaction shall include any Cross
Transaction in which the Manager, Bimini or any of their respective related parties (including
their respective employees and their employees families) has a substantial (as determined by the
Independent Members) ownership interest.
Section 1.05 Split-Price Executions. If our Manager combines the purchase or sale of
Target Assets for the Company with the purchase or sale of Target Assets for Bimini or a Manager
Account or both, the purchase price assigned to such Target Assets allocated to the Company shall
be either (i) the average price of all such Target Assets or (ii) based on another methodology that
treats each recipient of such Target Assets in a fair and consistent manner.
ARTICLE II
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 2.01 Term; Termination. The Term of this Agreement shall begin on the date hereof
and end on the Termination Date (as defined below). This Agreement shall terminate on the earlier
of the date (i) on which the Management Agreement terminates or expires in accordance with its
terms, and (ii) the Manager is no longer a subsidiary or an affiliate of Bimini (the Termination
Date).
Section 2.02 Notices. All notices, requests and demands to or upon the respective parties
hereto to be effective shall be in writing (including by telecopy), and, unless otherwise expressly
provided herein, shall be deemed to have been duly given or made when delivered against receipt or
upon actual receipt of (i) personal delivery, (ii) delivery by reputable overnight courier, (iii)
delivery by facsimile transmission with telephonic confirmation or (iv) delivery by registered or
certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, addressed as set forth below (or to such
other address as may be hereafter notified by the respective parties hereto in accordance with this
Section 2.02):
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The Company:
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Orchid Island Capital, Inc. |
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3305 Flamingo Drive |
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Vero Beach, Florida 32963 |
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Fax: (772) 231-8896 |
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with a copy to:
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Hunton & Williams LLP |
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Riverfront Plaza, East Tower |
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951 East Byrd Street |
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Richmond, Virginia 23219 |
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Attention: S. Gregory Cope, Esq. |
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Fax: (804) 343-4833 |
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The Manager or Bimini:
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Bimini Capital Management, Inc. |
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3305 Flamingo Drive |
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Vero Beach, Florida 32963 |
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Fax: (772) 231-8896 |
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with a copy to:
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Moye White LLP |
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16 Market Square, 6th Floor |
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1400 16th Street |
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Denver, Colorado 80202-1486 |
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Attention: David Roos |
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Fax: (303) 292-4510 |
Section 2.03 Binding Nature of Agreement; Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be
binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective heirs, personal
representatives, successors and assigns as provided herein.
Section 2.04 Integration. This Agreement contains the entire agreement and understanding
among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior and
contemporaneous agreements, understandings, inducements and conditions, express or implied, oral or
written, of any nature whatsoever with respect to the subject matter hereof. The express terms
hereof control and supersede any course of performance and/or usage of the trade inconsistent with
any of the terms hereof.
Section 2.05 Amendments; Waivers. Neither this Agreement nor any terms hereof may be
amended, supplemented or modified except in an instrument in writing executed by the parties
hereto. No waiver of any term or condition hereof or obligation hereunder shall be valid unless
made in writing and signed by the party to which performance is due.
Section 2.06 GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT AND THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES
UNDER THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE
LAW OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND, WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW. EACH OF THE PARTIES
HERETO IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND AND
THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR ANY DISTRICT WITHIN SUCH STATE FOR THE PURPOSE OF ANY ACTION
OR JUDGMENT RELATING TO OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OF THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED
HEREBY AND TO THE LAYING OF VENUE IN SUCH COURT.
Section 2.07 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH PARTY HERETO ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT ANY
CONTROVERSY WHICH MAY ARISE UNDER THIS AGREEMENT IS LIKELY TO INVOLVE COMPLICATED AND DIFFICULT
ISSUES, AND, THEREFORE, EACH SUCH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES TO THE
FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT SUCH PARTY MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN
RESPECT TO ANY ACTION DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF, UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH OR
RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED BY THIS AGREEMENT.
Section 2.08 No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies. No failure to exercise and no delay in
exercising, on the part of a party hereto, any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder shall
operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power
or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other
right, remedy, power or privilege. The rights, remedies, powers and privileges herein provided are
cumulative and not exclusive of any rights, remedies, powers and privileges provided by law.
Section 2.09 Costs and Expenses. Each party hereto shall bear its own costs and expenses
(including the fees and disbursements of counsel and accountants) incurred in connection with the
negotiations and preparation of this Agreement and all matters incident thereto.
Section 2.10 Section Headings. The section and subsection headings in this Agreement are
for convenience in reference only and shall not be deemed to alter or affect the interpretation of
any provisions hereof.
Section 2.11 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed by the parties to this Agreement
on any number of separate counterparts (including by telecopy), and all of said counterparts taken
together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument.
Section 2.12 Severability. Any provision of this Agreement which is prohibited or
unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of
such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any
such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render
unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.
[Signature Page Follows]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Agreement as of the date
first written above.
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ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC.
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By: |
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Name: |
Robert Cauley |
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Title: |
Chief Executive Officer |
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BIMINI ADVISORS, INC.
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By: |
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Name: |
Hunter Haas |
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Title: |
Chief Financial Officer |
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BIMINI CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
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By: |
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Name: |
Hunter Haas |
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Title: |
Chief Financial Officer |
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Signature Page to the Investment Allocation Agreement
exv10w6
Exhibit 10.6
INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT
THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT (Agreement) is made and entered into as of the ___ day of
__________, 2011, by and between Orchid Island Capital, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the
Company), and ________________________ (Indemnitee).
WHEREAS, at the request of the Company, Indemnitee currently serves as [a director] [and] [an
officer] of the Company and may, therefore, be subjected to claims, suits or proceedings arising as
a result of [his][her] service; and
WHEREAS, as an inducement to Indemnitee to serve or continue to serve as [a director] [and]
[an officer], the Company has agreed to indemnify and to advance expenses and costs incurred by
Indemnitee in connection with any such claims, suits or proceedings, to the maximum extent
permitted by law; and
WHEREAS, the parties by this Agreement desire to set forth their agreement regarding
indemnification and advance of expenses.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the covenants contained herein, the
Company and Indemnitee do hereby covenant and agree as follows:
Section 1. Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement:
(a) Change in Control means a change in control of the Company occurring after the Effective
Date of a nature that would be required to be reported in response to Item 6(e) of Schedule 14A of
Regulation 14A (or in response to any similar item on any similar schedule or form) promulgated
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), whether or not the
Company is then subject to such reporting requirement; provided, however, that, without limitation,
such a Change in Control shall be deemed to have occurred if, after the Effective Date (i) any
person (as such term is used in Sections 3(a)(9), 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) is or
becomes the beneficial owner (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or
indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 15% or more of the combined voting power of
all of the Companys then-outstanding securities entitled to vote generally in the election of
directors without the prior approval of at least two-thirds of the members of the Board of
Directors in office immediately prior to such persons attaining such percentage interest; (ii) the
Company is a party to a merger, consolidation, sale of assets, plan of liquidation or other
reorganization not approved by at least two-thirds of the members of the Board of Directors then in
office, as a consequence of which members of the Board of Directors in office immediately prior to
such transaction or event constitute less than a majority of the Board of Directors thereafter; or
(iii) at any time, a majority of the members of the Board of Directors are not individuals (A) who
were directors as of the Effective Date or (B) whose election by the Board of Directors or
nomination for election by the Companys stockholders was approved by the affirmative vote of at
least two-thirds of the directors then in office who were directors as of the Effective Date or
whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved.
(b) Corporate Status means the status of a person as a present or former director, officer,
employee or agent of the Company or as a director, trustee, officer, partner, manager, managing
member, fiduciary, employee or agent of any other foreign or domestic corporation, partnership,
limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise that
such person is or was serving in such capacity at the request of the Company. As a clarification
and without limiting the circumstances in which Indemnitee may be serving at the request of the
Company, service by Indemnitee shall be deemed to be at the request of the Company if Indemnitee
serves or served as a director, trustee, officer, partner, manager, managing member, fiduciary,
employee or agent of any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust,
employee benefit plan or other enterprise (i) of which a majority of the voting power or equity
interest is owned directly or indirectly by the Company or (ii) the management of which is
controlled directly or indirectly by the Company.
(c) Disinterested Director means a director of the Company who is not and was not a party to
the Proceeding in respect of which indemnification and/or advance of Expenses is sought by
Indemnitee.
(d) Effective Date means the date set forth in the first paragraph of this Agreement.
(e) Expenses means any and all reasonable and out-of-pocket attorneys fees and costs,
retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses,
duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees,
federal, state, local or foreign taxes imposed on Indemnitee as a result of the actual or deemed
receipt of any payments under this Agreement, ERISA excise taxes and penalties and any other
disbursements or expenses incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to
prosecute or defend, investigating, being or preparing to be a witness in or otherwise
participating in a Proceeding. Expenses shall also include Expenses incurred in connection with
any appeal resulting from any Proceeding including, without limitation, the premium, security for
and other costs relating to any cost bond, supersedeas bond or other appeal bond or its equivalent.
(f) Independent Counsel means a law firm, or a member of a law firm, that is experienced in
matters of corporation law and neither is, nor in the past five years has been, retained to
represent: (i) the Company or Indemnitee in any matter material to either such party (other than
with respect to matters concerning Indemnitee under this Agreement or of other indemnitees under
similar indemnification agreements), or (ii) any other party to or participant or witness in the
Proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification or advance of Expenses hereunder.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term Independent Counsel shall not include any person who,
under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, would have a conflict of
interest in representing either the Company or Indemnitee in an action to determine Indemnitees
rights under this Agreement.
(g) Proceeding means any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, arbitration,
alternate dispute resolution mechanism, investigation, inquiry, administrative hearing or any other
proceeding, whether brought by or in the right of the Company or otherwise and whether of a civil
(including intentional or unintentional tort claims), criminal, administrative or investigative
(formal or informal) nature, including any appeal therefrom, except one pending or
-2-
completed on or before the Effective Date, unless otherwise specifically agreed in writing by
the Company and Indemnitee. If Indemnitee reasonably believes that a given situation may lead to
or culminate in the institution of a Proceeding, such situation shall also be considered a
Proceeding.
Section 2. Services by Indemnitee. Indemnitee [will serve][serves] as [a director]
[and] [an officer] of the Company. However, this Agreement shall not impose any independent
obligation on Indemnitee or the Company to continue Indemnitees service to the Company. This
Agreement shall not be deemed an employment contract between the Company (or any other entity) and
Indemnitee.
Section 3. General. The Company shall indemnify, and advance Expenses to, Indemnitee
(a) as provided in this Agreement and (b) otherwise to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law
in effect on the Effective Date and as amended from time to time; provided, however, that no change
in Maryland law shall have the effect of reducing the benefits available to Indemnitee hereunder
based on Maryland law as in effect on the Effective Date. The rights of Indemnitee provided in
this Section 3 shall include, without limitation, the rights set forth in the other sections of
this Agreement, including any additional indemnification permitted by the Maryland General
Corporation Law (the MGCL), including, without limitation, Section 2-418(g) of the MGCL.
Section 4. Standard for Indemnification. If, by reason of Indemnitees Corporate
Status, Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be, made a party to any Proceeding, the Company shall
indemnify Indemnitee against all judgments, penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlement and all
Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitees behalf in connection
with any such Proceeding unless it is established that (a) the act or omission of Indemnitee was
material to the matter giving rise to the Proceeding and (i) was committed in bad faith or (ii) was
the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (b) Indemnitee actually received an improper
personal benefit in money, property or services or (c) in the case of any criminal Proceeding,
Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that [his][her] conduct was unlawful.
Section 5. Certain Limits on Indemnification. Notwithstanding any other provision of
this Agreement (other than Section 6), Indemnitee shall not be entitled to:
(a) indemnification hereunder if the Proceeding was one by or in the right of the Company and
Indemnitee is adjudged to be liable to the Company;
(b) indemnification hereunder if Indemnitee is adjudged to be liable on the basis that
personal benefit was improperly received in any Proceeding charging improper personal benefit to
Indemnitee, whether or not involving action in the Indemnitees Corporate Status; or
(c) indemnification or advance of Expenses hereunder if the Proceeding was brought by
Indemnitee, unless: (i) the Proceeding was brought to enforce indemnification under this Agreement,
and then only to the extent in accordance with and as authorized by Section 12 of this Agreement,
or (ii) the Companys charter or bylaws, a resolution of the stockholders entitled to vote
generally in the election of directors or of the Board of Directors or an agreement
-3-
approved by the Board of Directors to which the Company is a party expressly provide
otherwise.
Section 6. Court-Ordered Indemnification. Notwithstanding any other provision of this
Agreement, a court of appropriate jurisdiction, upon application of Indemnitee and such notice as
the court shall require, may order indemnification of Indemnitee by the Company in the following
circumstances:
(a) if such court determines that Indemnitee is entitled to reimbursement under Section
2-418(d)(1) of the MGCL, the court shall order indemnification, in which case Indemnitee shall be
entitled to recover the Expenses of securing such reimbursement; or
(b) if such court determines that Indemnitee is fairly and reasonably entitled to
indemnification in view of all the relevant circumstances, whether or not Indemnitee (i) has met
the standards of conduct set forth in Section 2-418(b) of the MGCL or (ii) has been adjudged liable
for receipt of an improper personal benefit under Section 2-418(c) of the MGCL, the court may order
such indemnification as the court shall deem proper. However, indemnification with respect to any
Proceeding by or in the right of the Company or in which liability shall have been adjudged in the
circumstances described in Section 2-418(c) of the MGCL shall be limited to Expenses.
Section 7. Indemnification for Expenses of an Indemnitee Who is Wholly or Partially
Successful. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, and without limiting any
such provision, to the extent that Indemnitee was or is, by reason of [his][her] Corporate Status,
made a party to (or otherwise becomes a participant in) any Proceeding and is successful, on the
merits or otherwise, in the defense of such Proceeding, Indemnitee shall be indemnified for all
Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitees behalf in connection
therewith. If Indemnitee is not wholly successful in such Proceeding but is successful, on the
merits or otherwise, as to one or more but less than all claims, issues or matters in such
Proceeding, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee under this Section 7 for all Expenses actually
and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitees behalf in connection with each such claim,
issue or matter, allocated on a reasonable and proportionate basis. For purposes of this Section 7
and, without limitation, the termination of any claim, issue or matter in such a Proceeding by
dismissal, with or without prejudice, shall be deemed to be a successful result as to such claim,
issue or matter.
Section 8. Advance of Expenses for Indemnitee. If, by reason of Indemnitees
Corporate Status, Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be, made a party to any Proceeding, the
Company shall, without requiring a preliminary determination of Indemnitees ultimate entitlement
to indemnification hereunder, advance all reasonable Expenses incurred by or on behalf of
Indemnitee in connection with such Proceeding within ten days after the receipt by the Company of a
statement or statements requesting such advance or advances from time to time, whether prior to or
after final disposition of such Proceeding. Such statement or statements shall reasonably evidence
the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee and shall include or be preceded or accompanied by a written
affirmation by Indemnitee of Indemnitees good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary
for indemnification by the Company as authorized by law and by this Agreement has been met and a
written undertaking by or on behalf of Indemnitee, in
-4-
substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit A or in such form as may be required
under applicable law as in effect at the time of the execution thereof, to reimburse the portion of
any Expenses advanced to Indemnitee relating to claims, issues or matters in the Proceeding as to
which it shall ultimately be established that the standard of conduct has not been met by
Indemnitee and which have not been successfully resolved as described in Section 7 of this
Agreement. To the extent that Expenses advanced to Indemnitee do not relate to a specific claim,
issue or matter in the Proceeding, such Expenses shall be allocated on a reasonable and
proportionate basis. The undertaking required by this Section 8 shall be an unlimited general
obligation by or on behalf of Indemnitee and shall be accepted without reference to Indemnitees
financial ability to repay such advanced Expenses and without any requirement to post security
therefor.
Section 9. Indemnification and Advance of Expenses as a Witness or Other Participant.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, to the extent that Indemnitee is or may be,
by reason of Indemnitees Corporate Status, made a witness or otherwise asked to participate in any
Proceeding, whether instituted by the Company or any other party, and to which Indemnitee is not a
party, Indemnitee shall be advanced all reasonable Expenses and indemnified against all Expenses
actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitees behalf in connection therewith
within ten days after the receipt by the Company of a statement or statements requesting any such
advance or indemnification from time to time, whether prior to or after final disposition of such
Proceeding. Such statement or statements shall reasonably evidence the Expenses incurred by
Indemnitee.
Section 10. Procedure for Determination of Entitlement to Indemnification.
(a) To obtain indemnification under this Agreement, Indemnitee shall submit to the Company a
written request, including therein or therewith such documentation and information as is reasonably
available to Indemnitee and is reasonably necessary to determine whether and to what extent
Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification. Indemnitee may submit one or more such requests from
time to time and at such time(s) as Indemnitee deems appropriate in Indemnitees sole discretion.
The officer of the Company receiving any such request from Indemnitee shall, promptly upon receipt
of such a request for indemnification, advise the Board of Directors in writing that Indemnitee has
requested indemnification.
(b) Upon written request by Indemnitee for indemnification pursuant to Section 10(a) above, a
determination, if required by applicable law, with respect to Indemnitees entitlement thereto
shall promptly be made in the specific case: (i) if a Change in Control shall have occurred, by
Independent Counsel, in a written opinion to the Board of Directors, a copy of which shall be
delivered to Indemnitee, which Independent Counsel shall be selected by the Indemnitee and approved
by the Board of Directors in accordance with Section 2-418(e)(2)(ii) of the MGCL, which approval
shall not be unreasonably withheld; or (ii) if a Change in Control shall not have occurred, (A) by
the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of Disinterested Directors or, if
such a quorum cannot be obtained, then by a majority vote of a duly authorized committee of the
Board of Directors consisting solely of one or more Disinterested Directors, (B) if Independent
Counsel has been selected by the Board of Directors in accordance with Section 2-418(e)(2)(ii) of
the MGCL and approved by the Indemnitee, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, by
Independent Counsel, in a written opinion to the
-5-
Board of Directors, a copy of which shall be delivered to Indemnitee or (C) if so directed by
a majority of the members of the Board of Directors, by the stockholders of the Company. If it is
so determined that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, payment to Indemnitee shall be made
within ten days after such determination. Indemnitee shall cooperate with the person, persons or
entity making such determination with respect to Indemnitees entitlement to indemnification,
including providing to such person, persons or entity upon reasonable advance request any
documentation or information which is not privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure and
which is reasonably available to Indemnitee and reasonably necessary to such determination in the
discretion of the Board of Directors or Independent Counsel if retained pursuant to clause (ii)(B)
of this Section 10(b). Any Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in so cooperating with the person,
persons or entity making such determination shall be borne by the Company (irrespective of the
determination as to Indemnitees entitlement to indemnification) and the Company shall indemnify
and hold Indemnitee harmless therefrom.
(c) The Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of Independent Counsel, if one is
appointed.
Section 11. Presumptions and Effect of Certain Proceedings.
(a) In making any determination with respect to entitlement to indemnification hereunder, the
person or persons or entity making such determination shall presume that Indemnitee is entitled to
indemnification under this Agreement if Indemnitee has submitted a request for indemnification in
accordance with Section 10(a) of this Agreement, and the Company shall have the burden of proof to
overcome that presumption in connection with the making of any determination contrary to that
presumption.
(b) The termination of any Proceeding or of any claim, issue or matter therein, by judgment,
order, settlement or conviction, upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, or entry of an
order of probation prior to judgment, does not create a presumption that Indemnitee did not meet
the requisite standard of conduct described herein for indemnification.
(c) The knowledge and/or actions, or failure to act, of any other director, officer, employee
or agent of the Company or any other director, trustee, officer, partner, manager, managing member,
fiduciary, employee or agent of any other foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, limited
liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise shall not be
imputed to Indemnitee for purposes of determining any other right to indemnification under this
Agreement.
Section 12. Remedies of Indemnitee.
(a) If (i) a determination is made pursuant to Section 10(b) of this Agreement that Indemnitee
is not entitled to indemnification under this Agreement, (ii) advance of Expenses is not timely
made pursuant to Sections 8 or 9 of this Agreement, (iii) no determination of entitlement to
indemnification shall have been made pursuant to Section 10(b) of this Agreement within 60 days
after receipt by the Company of the request for indemnification, (iv) payment of indemnification is
not made pursuant to Sections 7 or 9 of this Agreement within ten days after receipt by the Company
of a written request therefor, or (v) payment of indemnification pursuant
-6-
to any other section of this Agreement or the charter or Bylaws of the Company is not made
within ten days after a determination has been made that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification,
Indemnitee shall be entitled to an adjudication in an appropriate court located in the State of
Maryland, or in any other court of competent jurisdiction, of Indemnitees entitlement to such
indemnification or advance of Expenses. Alternatively, Indemnitee, at Indemnitees option, may
seek an award in arbitration to be conducted by a single arbitrator pursuant to the Commercial
Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association. Indemnitee shall commence a proceeding
seeking an adjudication or an award in arbitration within 180 days following the date on which
Indemnitee first has the right to commence such proceeding pursuant to this Section 12(a);
provided, however, that the foregoing clause shall not apply to a proceeding brought by Indemnitee
to enforce [his][her] rights under Section 7 of this Agreement. Except as set forth herein, the
provisions of Maryland law (without regard to its conflicts of laws rules) shall apply to any such
arbitration. The Company shall not oppose Indemnitees right to seek any such adjudication or
award in arbitration.
(b) In any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 12,
Indemnitee shall be presumed to be entitled to indemnification or advance of Expenses, as the case
may be, under this Agreement and the Company shall have the burden of proving that Indemnitee is
not entitled to indemnification or advance of Expenses, as the case may be. If Indemnitee
commences a judicial proceeding or arbitration pursuant to this Section 12, Indemnitee shall not be
required to reimburse the Company for any advances pursuant to Section 8 of this Agreement until a
final determination is made with respect to Indemnitees entitlement to indemnification (as to
which all rights of appeal have been exhausted or lapsed). The Company shall, to the fullest
extent not prohibited by law, be precluded from asserting in any judicial proceeding or arbitration
commenced pursuant to this Section 12 that the procedures and presumptions of this Agreement are
not valid, binding and enforceable and shall stipulate in any such court or before any such
arbitrator that the Company is bound by all of the provisions of this Agreement.
(c) If a determination shall have been made pursuant to Section 10(b) of this Agreement that
Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, the Company shall be bound by such determination in any
judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 12, absent a misstatement by
Indemnitee of a material fact, or an omission of a material fact necessary to make Indemnitees
statement not materially misleading, in connection with the request for indemnification.
(d) In the event that Indemnitee is successful in seeking, pursuant to this Section 12, a
judicial adjudication of or an award in arbitration to enforce Indemnitees rights under, or to
recover damages for breach of, this Agreement, Indemnitee shall be entitled to recover from the
Company, and shall be indemnified by the Company for, any and all Expenses actually and reasonably
incurred by him in such judicial adjudication or arbitration. If it shall be determined in such
judicial adjudication or arbitration that Indemnitee is entitled to receive part but not all of the
indemnification or advance of Expenses sought, the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection
with such judicial adjudication or arbitration shall be appropriately prorated.
(e) Interest shall be paid by the Company to Indemnitee at the maximum rate allowed to be
charged for judgments under the Courts and Judicial Proceedings Article of the Annotated
-7-
Code of Maryland for amounts which the Company pays or is obligated to pay for the period (i)
commencing with either the tenth day after the date on which the Company was requested to advance
Expenses in accordance with Sections 8 or 9 of this Agreement or the 60th day after the
date on which the Company was requested to make the determination of entitlement to indemnification
under Section 10(b) of this Agreement, as applicable, and (ii) ending on the date such payment is
made to Indemnitee by the Company.
Section 13. Defense of the Underlying Proceeding.
(a) Indemnitee shall notify the Company promptly in writing upon being served with any
summons, citation, subpoena, complaint, indictment, request or other document relating to any
Proceeding which may result in the right to indemnification or the advance of Expenses hereunder
and shall include with such notice a description of the nature of the Proceeding and a summary of
the facts underlying the Proceeding. The failure to give any such notice shall not disqualify
Indemnitee from the right, or otherwise affect in any manner any right of Indemnitee, to
indemnification or the advance of Expenses under this Agreement unless the Companys ability to
defend in such Proceeding or to obtain proceeds under any insurance policy is materially and
adversely prejudiced thereby, and then only to the extent the Company is thereby actually so
prejudiced.
(b) Subject to the provisions of the last sentence of this Section 13(b) and of Section 13(c)
below, the Company shall have the right to defend Indemnitee in any Proceeding which may give rise
to indemnification hereunder; provided, however, that the Company shall notify Indemnitee of any
such decision to defend within 15 calendar days following receipt of notice of any such Proceeding
under Section 13(a) above. The Company shall not, without the prior written consent of Indemnitee,
which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, consent to the entry of any judgment against
Indemnitee or enter into any settlement or compromise which (i) includes an admission of fault of
Indemnitee, (ii) does not include, as an unconditional term thereof, the full release of Indemnitee
from all liability in respect of such Proceeding, which release shall be in form and substance
reasonably satisfactory to Indemnitee or (iii) would impose any Expense, judgment, fine, penalty or
limitation on Indemnitee. This Section 13(b) shall not apply to a Proceeding brought by Indemnitee
under Section 12 of this Agreement.
(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 13(b) above, if in a Proceeding to which
Indemnitee is a party by reason of Indemnitees Corporate Status, (i) Indemnitee reasonably
concludes, based upon an opinion of counsel approved by the Company, which approval shall not be
unreasonably withheld, that Indemnitee may have separate defenses or counterclaims to assert with
respect to any issue which may not be consistent with other defendants in such Proceeding, (ii)
Indemnitee reasonably concludes, based upon an opinion of counsel approved by the Company, which
approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, that an actual or apparent conflict of interest or
potential conflict of interest exists between Indemnitee and the Company, or (iii) if the Company
fails to assume the defense of such Proceeding in a timely manner, Indemnitee shall be entitled to
be represented by separate legal counsel of Indemnitees choice, subject to the prior approval of
the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, at the expense of the Company. In
addition, if the Company fails to comply with any of its obligations under this Agreement or in the
event that the Company or any other person takes any action to declare this Agreement void or
unenforceable, or institutes any
-8-
Proceeding to deny or to recover from Indemnitee the benefits intended to be provided to
Indemnitee hereunder, Indemnitee shall have the right to retain counsel of Indemnitees choice,
subject to the prior approval of the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, at
the expense of the Company (subject to Section 12(d) of this Agreement), to represent Indemnitee in
connection with any such matter.
Section 14. Non-Exclusivity; Survival of Rights; Subrogation.
(a) The rights of indemnification and advance of Expenses as provided by this Agreement shall
not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which Indemnitee may at any time be entitled under
applicable law, the charter or bylaws of the Company, any agreement or a resolution of the
stockholders entitled to vote generally in the election of directors or of the Board of Directors,
or otherwise. Unless consented to in writing by Indemnitee, no amendment, alteration or repeal of
this Agreement or of any provision hereof shall limit or restrict any right of Indemnitee under
this Agreement in respect of any action taken or omitted by such Indemnitee in [his][her] Corporate
Status prior to such amendment, alteration or repeal, regardless of whether a claim with respect to
such action or inaction is raised prior or subsequent to such amendment, alteration or repeal. No
right or remedy herein conferred is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and
every other right or remedy shall be cumulative and in addition to every other right or remedy
given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion of
any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prohibit the concurrent assertion or
employment of any other right or remedy.
(b) In the event of any payment under this Agreement, the Company shall be subrogated to the
extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers
required and take all action necessary to secure such rights, including execution of such documents
as are necessary to enable the Company to bring suit to enforce such rights.
Section 15. Insurance. The Company will use its reasonable best efforts to acquire
directors and officers liability insurance, on terms and conditions deemed appropriate by the Board
of Directors, with the advice of counsel, covering Indemnitee or any claim made against Indemnitee
by reason of [his][her] Corporate Status and covering the Company for any indemnification or
advance of Expenses made by the Company to Indemnitee for any claims made against Indemnitee by
reason of [his][her] Corporate Status. Without in any way limiting any other obligation under this
Agreement, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee for any payment by Indemnitee arising out of the
amount of any deductible or retention and the amount of any excess of the aggregate of all
judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection with a
Proceeding over the coverage of any insurance referred to in the previous sentence. The purchase,
establishment and maintenance of any such insurance shall not in any way limit or affect the rights
or obligations of the Company or Indemnitee under this Agreement except as expressly provided
herein, and the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company and the Indemnitee shall
not in any way limit or affect the rights or obligations of the Company under any such insurance
policies. If, at the time the Company receives notice from any source of a Proceeding to which
Indemnitee is a party or a participant (as a witness or otherwise), the Company has director and
officer liability insurance
-9-
in effect, the Company shall give prompt notice of such Proceeding to the insurers in
accordance with the procedures set forth in the respective policies.
Section 16. Coordination of Payments. The Company shall not be liable under this
Agreement to make any payment of amounts otherwise indemnifiable or payable or reimbursable as
Expenses hereunder if and to the extent that Indemnitee has otherwise actually received such
payment under any insurance policy, contract, agreement or otherwise.
Section 17. Reports to Stockholders. To the extent required by the MGCL, the Company
shall report in writing to its stockholders the payment of any amounts for indemnification of, or
advance of Expenses to, Indemnitee under this Agreement arising out of a Proceeding by or in the
right of the Company with the notice of the meeting of stockholders of the Company next following
the date of the payment of any such indemnification or advance of Expenses or prior to such
meeting.
Section 18. Duration of Agreement; Binding Effect.
(a) This Agreement shall continue until and terminate on the later of (i) the date that
Indemnitee shall have ceased to serve as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or
as a director, trustee, officer, partner, manager, managing member, fiduciary, employee or agent of
any other foreign or domestic corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, limited
liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise that such person
is or was serving in such capacity at the request of the Company and (ii) the date that Indemnitee
is no longer subject to any actual or possible Proceeding (including any rights of appeal thereto
and any Proceeding commenced by Indemnitee pursuant to Section 12 of this Agreement).
(b) The indemnification and advance of Expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this
Agreement shall be binding upon and be enforceable by the parties hereto and their respective
successors and assigns (including any direct or indirect successor by purchase, merger,
consolidation or otherwise to all or substantially all of the business or assets of the Company),
shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent of
the Company or a director, trustee, officer, partner, manager, managing member, fiduciary, employee
or agent of any other foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, limited liability company,
joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise that such person is or was serving
in such capacity at the request of the Company, and shall inure to the benefit of Indemnitee and
Indemnitees spouse, assigns, heirs, devisees, executors and administrators and other legal
representatives.
(c) The Company shall require and cause any successor (whether direct or indirect by purchase,
merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all, substantially all or a substantial part, of the
business and/or assets of the Company, by written agreement in form and substance satisfactory to
Indemnitee, expressly to assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the
same extent that the Company would be required to perform if no such succession had taken place.
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(d) The Company and Indemnitee agree that a monetary remedy for breach of this Agreement, at
some later date, may be inadequate, impracticable and difficult of proof, and further agree that
such breach may cause Indemnitee irreparable harm. Accordingly, the parties hereto agree that
Indemnitee may enforce this Agreement by seeking injunctive relief and/or specific performance
hereof, without any necessity of showing actual damage or irreparable harm and that by seeking
injunctive relief and/or specific performance, Indemnitee shall not be precluded from seeking or
obtaining any other relief to which Indemnitee may be entitled. Indemnitee shall further be
entitled to such specific performance and injunctive relief, including temporary restraining
orders, preliminary injunctions and permanent injunctions, without the necessity of posting bonds
or other undertakings in connection therewith. The Company acknowledges that, in the absence of a
waiver, a bond or undertaking may be required of Indemnitee by a court, and the Company hereby
waives any such requirement of such a bond or undertaking.
Section 19. Severability. If any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall be
held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever: (a) the validity, legality
and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement (including, without limitation,
each portion of any Section, paragraph or sentence of this Agreement containing any such provision
held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself invalid, illegal or unenforceable)
shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and shall remain enforceable to the fullest
extent permitted by law; (b) such provision or provisions shall be deemed reformed to the extent
necessary to conform to applicable law and to give the maximum effect to the intent of the parties
hereto; and (c) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Agreement (including,
without limitation, each portion of any Section, paragraph or sentence of this Agreement containing
any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself invalid,
illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested thereby.
Section 20. Identical Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more
counterparts, each of which shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original but all of which
together shall constitute one and the same Agreement. One such counterpart signed by the party
against whom enforceability is sought shall be sufficient to evidence the existence of this
Agreement.
Section 21. Headings. The headings of the paragraphs of this Agreement are inserted
for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute part of this Agreement or to affect the
construction thereof.
Section 22. Modification and Waiver. No supplement, modification or amendment of this
Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by both of the parties hereto. No waiver of
any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed or shall constitute a waiver of any other
provisions hereof (whether or not similar) nor shall such waiver constitute a continuing waiver.
Section 23. Notices. All notices, requests, demands and other communications
hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if (i) delivered by hand
and receipted for by the party to whom said notice or other communication shall have been
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directed, on the day of such delivery, or (ii) mailed by certified or registered mail with
postage prepaid, on the third business day after the date on which it is so mailed:
(a) If to Indemnitee, to the address set forth on the signature page hereto.
(b) If to the Company, to:
Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
Attn: Corporate Secretary
3305 Flamingo Drive
Vero Beach, Florida 32963
with a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):
Hunton & Williams LLP
Riverfront Plaza, East Tower
951 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
Attention: S. Gregory Cope, Esq.
or to such other address as may have been furnished in writing to Indemnitee by the Company or to
the Company by Indemnitee, as the case may be.
Section 24. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and
enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Maryland, without regard to its conflicts of
laws rules.
[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the day and year
first above written.
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COMPANY: |
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ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC. |
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By: |
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INDEMNITEE
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EXHIBIT A
AFFIRMATION AND UNDERTAKING TO REPAY EXPENSES ADVANCED
To: The Board of Directors of Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
Re: Affirmation and Undertaking
Ladies and Gentlemen:
This Affirmation and Undertaking is being provided pursuant to that certain Indemnification
Agreement dated the _____ day of ______________, 20____, by and between Orchid Island Capital,
Inc., a Maryland corporation (the Company), and the undersigned Indemnitee (the Indemnification
Agreement), pursuant to which I am entitled to advance of Expenses in connection with [Description
of Proceeding] (the Proceeding).
Terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings specified in the
Indemnification Agreement.
I am subject to the Proceeding by reason of my Corporate Status or by reason of alleged
actions or omissions by me in such capacity. I hereby affirm my good faith belief that at all
times, insofar as I was involved as [a director] [and] [an officer] of the Company, in any of the
facts or events giving rise to the Proceeding, I (1) did not act with bad faith or active or
deliberate dishonesty, (2) did not receive any improper personal benefit in money, property or
services and (3) in the case of any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that
any act or omission by me was unlawful.
In consideration of the advance of Expenses by the Company for reasonable attorneys fees and
related Expenses incurred by me in connection with the Proceeding (the Advanced Expenses), I
hereby agree that if, in connection with the Proceeding, it is established that (1) an act or
omission by me was material to the matter giving rise to the Proceeding and (a) was committed in
bad faith or (b) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, or (2) I actually received an
improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (3) in the case of any criminal
proceeding, I had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful, then I shall
promptly reimburse the portion of the Advanced Expenses relating to the claims, issues or matters
in the Proceeding as to which the foregoing findings have been established.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have executed this Affirmation and Undertaking on this ___ day of
____________________, 20___.
exv10w8
Exhibit 10.8
WARRANT AGREEMENT
Dated as of
[ ], 2011
between
ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC.
and
CONTINENTAL STOCK TRANSFER & TRUST COMPANY,
as Warrant Agent
Warrants for
Common Stock of
Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
Table of Contents
ARTICLE I
Definitions
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Section 1.01. Definitions |
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Section 1.02. Other Definitions |
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Section 1.03. Rules of Construction |
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ARTICLE II |
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WARRANT CERTIFICATES |
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Section 2.01. Form |
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Section 2.02. Execution and Countersignature |
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Section 2.03. Certificate Register |
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Section 2.04. Transfer |
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Section 2.05. Agents |
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Section 2.06. Replacement Certificates |
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Section 2.07. Outstanding Warrants |
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Section 2.08. Cancellation |
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Section 2.09. CUSIP Numbers |
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ARTICLE III |
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EXERCISE TERMS |
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Section 3.01. Exercise |
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Section 3.02. Exercise Period |
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Section 3.03. Expiration |
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Section 3.04. Manner of Exercise |
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Section 3.05. Issuance of Warrant Shares |
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Section 3.06. Fractional Warrant Shares |
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Section 3.07. Reservation of Warrant Shares |
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Section 3.08. Compliance with Law |
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Section 3.09. Restrictions on Exercise and Transfer of Warrants |
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ARTICLE IV |
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ANTIDILUTION PROVISIONS |
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Section 4.01. Changes in Common Stock |
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Section 4.02. Cash Dividends and Other Distributions |
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Section 4.03. Issuance of Rights or Options |
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Section 4.04. Combination; Liquidation |
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Section 4.05. Other Events |
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Section 4.06. Superseding Adjustment |
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Section 4.07. Notice of Adjustment |
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Section 4.08. Notice of Certain Transactions |
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Section 4.09. Adjustment to Warrant Certificate |
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Section 4.10. Calculation of Consideration |
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Section 4.11. Minimum Adjustment |
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ARTICLE V |
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WARRANT AGENT |
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Section 5.01. Appointment of Warrant Agent |
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Section 5.02. Rights and Duties of Warrant Agent |
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Section 5.03. Individual Rights of Warrant Agent |
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Section 5.04. Warrant Agents Disclaimer |
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Section 5.05. Compensation and Indemnity |
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Section 5.06. Successor Warrant Agent |
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ARTICLE VI |
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MISCELLANEOUS |
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Section 6.01. Persons Benefiting |
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Section 6.02. Rights of Holders |
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Section 6.03. Amendment |
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Section 6.04. Notices |
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Section 6.05. Governing Law |
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Section 6.06. Successors |
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Section 6.07. Multiple Originals, Counterparts |
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Section 6.08. Table of Contents |
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Section 6.09. Severability |
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ii
This WARRANT AGREEMENT (this Agreement) is dated as of [ ], 2011 and entered into by and
between ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC., a Maryland corporation (the Company), and CONTINENTAL STOCK
TRANSFER & TRUST COMPANY, as Warrant Agent (the Warrant Agent), for the benefit of the Holders
(as defined herein) of Warrants (as defined herein).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, the Company desires to issue [ ] warrants (the Warrants) to purchase shares of
common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (the Common Stock). The Warrants, which
may be transferred to one or more transferees in whole or in part from time to time as permitted
herein, will entitle the holders of such Warrants, including their permitted transferees (each, a
Holder), to purchase one share of Common Stock per each Warrant, subject to adjustment as
provided herein.
WHEREAS, the Company further desires the Warrant Agent to act on behalf of the Company in
connection with the issuance of the Warrants as provided herein, and the Warrant Agent is willing
to so act.
WHEREAS, each party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and
ratable benefit of the Holders of Warrants:
AGREEMENT
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and mutual agreements herein set forth, the
parties hereto agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
Section 1.01. Definitions.
Affiliate of any specified Person means any other Person, directly or indirectly,
controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect control with such specified Person. For
the purposes of this definition, control when used with respect to any Person means the power to
direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the
ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms controlling and
controlled have meanings correlative to the foregoing; provided that beneficial ownership of 10%
or more of the voting securities of a Person shall be deemed to be control.
Board means the Board of Directors of the Company or any committee thereof duly authorized
to act on behalf of such Board of Directors.
Business Day means each day that is not a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking
institutions are not required to be open in the State of New York.
Capital Stock of any Person means any and all shares, interests, rights to purchase,
warrants, options, participations or other equivalents of or interests in (however designated)
equity of such Person, including any Preferred Stock, but excluding any debt securities convertible
into such equity.
Charter means the Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Company filed on [_________],
2011 with the Department of Assessments and Taxation of the State of Maryland.
Combination means an event in which the Company consolidates with, merges with or into, or
sells all or substantially all of its assets to, another Person.
Current Market Value per share of Common Stock or any other security at any date means (i)
if the security is not registered under the Exchange Act, (a) the value of the security, determined
in good faith by the Board and certified in a Board resolution, based on the most recently
completed arms-length transaction between the Company and a Person other than an Affiliate of the
Company, the closing of which shall have occurred on such date or within the six-month period
preceding such date, or (b) if no such transaction shall have occurred on such date or within such
six-month period, the value of the security as determined by an independent financial expert, or
(ii) if the security is registered under the Exchange Act, the average of the daily last sale
prices (or the equivalent in an over-the-counter market) for each Business Day during the period
commencing 15 Business Days before such date and ending on the date one day prior to such date, or
if the security has been registered under the Exchange Act for less than 15 consecutive Business
Days before such date, then the average of the daily last sale prices (or such equivalent) for all
of the Business Days before such date for which daily last sale prices are available; provided,
however, that if the last sale price is not determinable for at least ten Business Days in such
period, the Current Market Value of the security shall be determined as if the security were not
registered under the Exchange Act.
Exchange Act means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Exercise Date means, for a given Warrant, the day on which such Warrant is exercised
pursuant to Section 3.04.
Officer means the Chairman of the Board, the President, the Chief Executive Officer, the
Chief Financial Officer, any Vice President, the Treasurer, or an Assistant Treasurer, or the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company.
Officers Certificate means a certificate signed by two Officers.
Opinion of Counsel means a written opinion from legal counsel who is reasonably acceptable
to the Warrant Agent. Such counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company or the Warrant
Agent.
Person means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability
company, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, government or any
agency or political subdivision thereof or any other entity.
2
Preferred Stock, as applied to the Capital Stock of any Person, means Capital Stock of any
class or classes (however designated) which is preferred as to the payment of dividends or
distributions, or as to the payment of assets upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation or
dissolution of such Person, over shares of Capital Stock of any other class of such Person.
SEC means the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Securities Act means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Warrant Certificates mean the registered certificates issued by the Company under this
Agreement representing the Warrants.
Warrant Shares mean the shares of Common Stock (and any other securities) for which the
Warrants are exercisable or which have been issued upon exercise of Warrants.
Section 1.02. Other Definitions.
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Defined in |
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Agreement |
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Certificate Register |
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2.03 |
Common Stock |
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Recitals |
Company |
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Recitals |
Exercise Price |
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3.01 |
Expiration Date |
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3.03 |
Holders |
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Offering |
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Registrar |
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3.07 |
Successor Company |
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4.05(a) |
Transfer Agent |
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3.05 |
Warrant |
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Recitals |
Warrant Agent |
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Section 1.03. Rules of Construction. Unless the text otherwise requires:
(a) a defined term has the meaning assigned to it;
(b) an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles as in effect on the date hereof;
(c) or is not exclusive;
(d) including means including, without limitation; and
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(e) words in the singular include the plural and words in the plural include the singular
unless the context requires otherwise.
ARTICLE II
WARRANT CERTIFICATES
Section 2.01. Form.
(a) The Company shall cause to be executed and delivered to the Holders of Warrants one or
more Warrant Certificates, substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto, and
either (i) deposited with The Depository Trust Company and registered in the name of Cede & Co., as
nominee of The Depository Trust Company, or (ii) upon the request of a Holder, delivered in
physical, certificated form to such Holder of Warrants.
(b) Each Warrant Certificate shall be in registered form, with such appropriate insertions,
omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Agreement. Any
Warrant Certificate deposited with The Depository Trust Company and registered in the name of Cede
& Co., as nominee of The Depository Trust Company, shall bear such legend or legends as may be
required by The Depository Trust Company for deposit in its book-entry settlement system. Each
Warrant Certificate shall be printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or engraved or
otherwise reproduced in any other manner as may be approved by the Officers of the Company
executing the same (such execution to be conclusive evidence of such approval) and may have such
letters, numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements
printed, lithographed or engraved thereon as the Officers of the Company executing the same may
approve (such execution to be conclusive evidence of such approval) and as are not inconsistent
with the provisions of this Agreement, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any
rule or regulation made pursuant thereto, or with any regulation of any stock exchange or
electronic market on which the Warrants or Warrant Shares may be listed or to conform to usage.
Section 2.02. Execution and Countersignature.
(a) Two Officers of the Company shall sign the Warrant Certificates for the Company by manual
signature. If an Officer of the Company whose signature is on a Warrant Certificate no longer
holds that office at the time the Warrant Agent countersigns any such Warrant Certificate, the
Warrants evidenced by such Warrant Certificate shall be valid nevertheless.
(b) The Warrant Agent shall initially countersign and deliver Warrant Certificates entitling
the Holders of Warrants to purchase in the aggregate not more than [ ] Warrant Shares, subject to
adjustment as provided herein, upon a written order of the Company signed by two Officers of the
Company.
(c) The Warrant Agent may appoint an agent reasonably acceptable to the Company to countersign
the Warrant Certificates. Unless limited by the terms of such appointment, such agent may
countersign Warrant Certificates whenever the Warrant Agent may do so. Each reference in this
Agreement to countersignature by the Warrant Agent includes
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countersignature by such agent. Such agent will have the same rights as the Warrant Agent for
service of notices and demands.
(d) At any time and from time to time after the execution of this Agreement, the Warrant Agent
or an agent reasonably acceptable to the Company shall, upon receipt of a written order of the
Company signed by two Officers of the Company, manually countersign for original issue a Warrant
Certificate evidencing the number of Warrants specified in such order; provided, however, that the
Warrant Agent shall be entitled to receive an Officers Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel of
the Company that it may reasonably request in connection with such countersignature of Warrants.
Such order shall specify the number of Warrants to be evidenced on the Warrant Certificate to be
countersigned, the date on which such Warrant Certificate is to be countersigned and the number of
Warrants then authorized.
(e) The Warrants evidenced by a Warrant Certificate shall not be valid until an authorized
signatory of the Warrant Agent or its agent as provided above manually countersigns the Warrant
Certificate. Such signature shall be solely for the purpose of authenticating the Warrant
Certificate and shall be conclusive evidence that the Warrant Certificate has been countersigned
under this Agreement.
Section 2.03. Certificate Register. The Warrant Agent shall keep a register
(Certificate Register) of the Warrant Certificates and of their transfer and exchange. The
Certificate Register shall show the names and addresses of the respective Holders and the date and
number of Warrants evidenced on the face of each of the Warrant Certificates. The Company and the
Warrant Agent may deem and treat the Person in whose name a Warrant Certificate is registered as
the absolute owner of such Warrant Certificate for all purposes whatsoever and neither the Company
nor the Warrant Agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.
Section 2.04. Transfer.
(a) Transfer of Warrants.
(i) Warrants may be transferred or exchanged as provided herein.
(ii) Warrants shall be represented by one or more Warrant Certificates and either (A)
deposited with The Depository Trust Company and registered in the name of Cede & Co.,
nominee of the Depository Trust Company, or (B) delivered in physical, certificated form to
the Holder of Warrants upon request.
(iii) If The Depository Trust Company subsequently ceases to make its book-entry
settlement system available for the Warrants, the Company may instruct the Warrant Agent
regarding making other arrangements for book-entry settlement. In the event that the
Warrants are not eligible for, or it is no longer necessary to have the Warrants available
in, book-entry form, the Company shall provide written instructions to The Depository Trust
Company to deliver to the Warrant Agent for cancellation each Warrant Certificate, and the
Company shall instruct the Warrant Agent to deliver to The Depository Trust Company
definitive Warrant Certificates in physical, certificated form evidencing such Warrants.
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(iv) The Warrants and the Warrant Shares have not been registered under the Securities
Act and may not be transferred unless registered under the Securities Act or an exemption
from registration is available. In addition, the Warrants may not be exercised unless an
exemption from such registration is available.
(b) Legend.
(i) To the extent permitted by applicable law, each Warrant Certificate (and all
Warrants Certificates issued in exchange therefor or in substitution thereof) shall bear a
legend in substantially the following form:
THE WARRANTS REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE AND THE SHARES OF
COMMON STOCK UNDERLYING THE WARRANTS ARE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS
ON BENEFICIAL AND CONSTRUCTIVE OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER. NO WARRANT
MAY BE EXERCISED OR TRANSFERRED IF IT WOULD CAUSE THE HOLDER OR THE
PURPORTED TRANSFEREE TO BENEFICIALLY OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES
OF COMMON STOCK OF ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC. (THE CORPORATION)
IN EXCESS OF THE STOCK OWNERSHIP LIMIT OR EXCEPTED HOLDER LIMIT
(EACH AS DEFINED IN THE CHARTER OF THE CORPORATION). ANY TRANSFER OF A WARRANT THAT WOULD RESULT IN A VIOLATION OF THE
PRECEDING SENTENCE SHALL BE VOID AB INITIO, AND THE INTENDED TRANSFEREE SHALL ACQUIRE NO RIGHTS IN SUCH WARRANT. SUBJECT TO
CERTAIN FURTHER RESTRICTIONS AND EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN
THE CHARTER OF THE CORPORATION (I) NO PERSON MAY BENEFICIALLY OR
CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF ANY CLASS OR SERIES OF THE CAPITAL
STOCK OF THE CORPORATION IN EXCESS OF NINE AND EIGHT-TENTHS PERCENT
(9.8%) IN VALUE OR IN NUMBER OF SHARES, WHICHEVER IS MORE
RESTRICTIVE, OF ANY CLASS OR SERIES OF CAPITAL STOCK OF THE
CORPORATION UNLESS SUCH PERSON IS AN EXCEPTED HOLDER (IN WHICH CASE
THE EXCEPTED HOLDER LIMIT SHALL BE APPLICABLE); (II) NO PERSON MAY
BENEFICIALLY OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK THAT
WOULD RESULT IN THE CORPORATION BEING CLOSELY HELD UNDER SECTION
856(H) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986, AS AMENDED (THE
CODE) (WITHOUT REGARD TO WHETHER THE OWNERSHIP INTEREST IS HELD
DURING THE LAST HALF OF THE TAXABLE YEAR) OR WOULD OTHERWISE CAUSE
THE CORPORATION TO FAIL TO QUALIFY AS A REIT AND (III) NO PERSON
MAY TRANSFER SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK THAT WOULD RESULT IN THE
CAPITAL STOCK OF THE CORPORATION BEING BENEFICIALLY OWNED
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BY LESS THAN ONE HUNDRED (100) PERSONS (DETERMINED UNDER THE
PRINCIPLES OF SECTION 856(a)(5) OF THE CODE). ANY PERSON WHO
BENEFICIALLY OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWNS OR ATTEMPTS TO BENEFICIALLY OR
CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK WHICH CAUSES OR WILL
CAUSE A PERSON TO BENEFICIALLY OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF
CAPITAL STOCK IN EXCESS OR IN VIOLATION OF THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS
MUST IMMEDIATELY NOTIFY THE CORPORATION. IF ANY OF THE
RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER OR OWNERSHIP IN (I) AND (II) ABOVE ARE
VIOLATED, THE SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK REPRESENTED HEREBY WILL BE
AUTOMATICALLY TRANSFERRED TO A TRUSTEE OF A CHARITABLE TRUST FOR
THE BENEFIT OF ONE OR MORE CHARITABLE BENEFICIARIES. IF,
NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING SENTENCE, A TRANSFER TO THE
CHARITABLE TRUST IS NOT EFFECTIVE FOR ANY REASON TO PREVENT A
VIOLATION OF THE RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP IN (I)
AND (II) ABOVE, THEN THE ATTEMPTED TRANSFER OF THAT NUMBER OF
SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK THAT OTHERWISE WOULD CAUSE ANY PERSON TO
VIOLATE SUCH RESTRICTIONS SHALL BE VOID AB INITIO.
IF THE RESTRICTION IN (III) ABOVE IS VIOLATED, ANY SUCH TRANSFERS
WILL BE VOID AB INITIO. IN ADDITION, THE CORPORATION
MAY REDEEM SHARES UPON THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SPECIFIED BY THE
BOARD OF DIRECTORS IN ITS SOLE DISCRETION IF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
DETERMINES THAT OWNERSHIP OR A TRANSFER OR OTHER EVENT MAY VIOLATE
THE RESTRICTIONS DESCRIBED ABOVE. ALL CAPITALIZED TERMS IN THIS
PARAGRAPH HAVE THE MEANINGS DEFINED IN THE CHARTER OF THE
CORPORATION, AS THE SAME MAY BE AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME, A COPY
OF WHICH, INCLUDING THE RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP,
WILL BE FURNISHED TO EACH HOLDER OF CAPITAL STOCK OF THE
CORPORATION ON REQUEST AND WITHOUT CHARGE. REQUESTS FOR SUCH A
COPY MAY BE DIRECTED TO THE SECRETARY OF THE CORPORATION AT ITS
PRINCIPAL OFFICE. KEEP THIS CERTIFICATE IN A SAFE PLACE. IF IT IS
LOST, STOLEN OR DESTROYED, THE CORPORATION WILL REQUIRE A BOND OF
INDEMNITY AS A
7
CONDITION TO THE ISSUANCE OF A REPLACEMENT CERTIFICATE.
THE WARRANTS REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE AND THE SHARES OF
COMMON STOCK UNDERLYING THE WARRANTS HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE 1933 ACT), OR THE
SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE. THE HOLDER OF THIS SECURITY AND ANY
SECURITY UNDERLYING THIS SECURITY AGREES FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE
COMPANY THAT (A) THIS SECURITY AND ANY SECURITY UNDERLYING THIS
SECURITY MAY BE OFFERED, RESOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED
(1) PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE
SECURITIES ACT, (2) PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN THE CASE OF (2) IN ACCORDANCE WITH ANY
APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE OF THE UNITED STATES OR ANY
OTHER APPLICABLE JURISDICTION OR (3) TO THE COMPANY OR A SUBSIDIARY
THEREOF, AND (B) THE HOLDER OF THIS SECURITY AND ANY SECURITY
UNDERLYING THIS SECURITY WILL, AND EACH SUBSEQUENT HOLDER HEREOF AND
THEREOF IS REQUIRED TO, NOTIFY ANY PURCHASER OF THIS SECURITY AND
ANY SECURITY UNDERLYING THIS SECURITY FROM IT OF THE RESALE
RESTRICTIONS REFERRED TO IN (A) ABOVE.
THE CORPORATION WILL FURNISH TO ANY STOCKHOLDER, ON REQUEST AND
WITHOUT CHARGE, A FULL STATEMENT OF THE INFORMATION REQUIRED BY
SECTION 2-211(B) OF THE CORPORATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS ARTICLE OF THE
ANNOTATED CODE OF MARYLAND WITH RESPECT TO THE DESIGNATIONS AND ANY
PREFERENCES, CONVERSION AND OTHER RIGHTS, VOTING POWERS,
RESTRICTIONS, LIMITATIONS AS TO DIVIDENDS AND OTHER DISTRIBUTIONS,
QUALIFICATIONS, AND TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF REDEMPTION OF THE STOCK
OF EACH CLASS WHICH THE CORPORATION HAS AUTHORITY TO ISSUE AND, IF
THE CORPORATION IS AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE ANY PREFERRED OR SPECIAL
CLASS IN SERIES, (I) THE DIFFERENCES IN THE RELATIVE RIGHTS AND
PREFERENCES BETWEEN THE SHARES OF EACH SERIES TO THE EXTENT SET, AND
(II) THE AUTHORITY OF THE
8
BOARD OF DIRECTORS TO SET SUCH RIGHTS AND PREFERENCES OF SUBSEQUENT
SERIES. THE FOREGOING SUMMARY DOES NOT PURPORT TO BE COMPLETE AND
IS SUBJECT TO AND QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO THE
CHARTER OF THE CORPORATION, A COPY OF WHICH WILL BE SENT WITHOUT
CHARGE TO EACH STOCKHOLDER WHO SO REQUESTS. SUCH REQUEST MUST BE
MADE TO THE SECRETARY OF THE CORPORATION AT ITS PRINCIPAL OFFICE.
THE WARRANTS EVIDENCED BY THIS CERTIFICATE SHALL EXPIRE ON THE
CLOSE OF BUSINESS ON [ ], 2018.
(ii) To the extent permitted by applicable law, all Warrant Shares shall bear legends
regarding restrictions on transfer and ownership that are similar to those set forth in
Section 2.04(b)(i) above.
(c) Obligations with Respect to Transfers and Exchanges of Warrants.
(i) Any person that acquires Warrants in the secondary market will be required to sign
and deliver to the Company and the Warrant Agent the Certificate to be Delivered in
Connection with Transfer of Warrants attached hereto as Exhibit C. Without limiting
the obligation of the transferee to sign the certificate described in the preceding
sentence, in the case of any purported transfer in connection with which such certificate
shall not have been obtained, the transferee shall nonetheless be deemed to have made the
representations and warranties as set forth in such certificate, and the Company shall
retain the right to void the transfer for any inaccuracy in, or any failure to provide, such
representations and warranties.
(ii) To permit registrations of permitted transfers and exchanges of Warrants, the
Company shall execute, and the Warrant Agent shall countersign, Warrants as required
pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.02 and this Section 2.04.
(iii) No service charge shall be made to a Holder for any registration of transfer or
exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax,
assessments, or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith.
(iv) Prior to the due presentation for registration of transfer of any Warrant, the
Company and the Warrant Agent may deem and treat the Person in whose name a Warrant is
registered as the absolute owner of such Warrant, and neither the Company nor the Warrant
Agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.
(v) All Warrants issued upon any transfer or exchange pursuant to the terms of this
Agreement shall be the valid obligations of the Company, entitled to the
9
same benefits under this Agreement as the Warrants surrendered upon such transfer or
exchange.
(d) No Obligation of the Warrant Agent. The Warrant Agent shall have no obligation or
duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed
under this Agreement or under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any
Warrant other than to require delivery of such certificates and other documentation or evidence as
are expressly required by, and to do so if and when expressly required by, the terms of this
Agreement, and to examine the same to determine substantial compliance as to form with the express
requirements hereof.
(e) No Registration of Transfer. The Company shall not, and shall cause the Warrant
Agent not to, register any transfer of Warrants or Warrant Shares not made pursuant to the terms of
this Agreement.
Section 2.05. Agents. The registered Holder of a Warrant may authorize any Person to
take any action which a Holder is entitled to take under this Agreement or the Warrants.
Section 2.06. Replacement Certificates. If a mutilated Warrant Certificate is
surrendered to the Warrant Agent or if the Holder of a Warrant Certificate claims that the Warrant
Certificate has been lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken, the Company shall issue and the Warrant
Agent shall countersign a replacement Warrant Certificate if the reasonable requirements of the
Warrant Agent and the Company are met. If required by the Warrant Agent or the Company, such
Holder shall furnish a lost stock affidavit and/or an indemnity bond sufficient in the judgment of
the Company and the Warrant Agent to protect the Company and the Warrant Agent from any loss which
either of them may suffer if a Warrant Certificate is replaced. The Company and the Warrant Agent
may charge the Holder for their expenses in replacing a Warrant Certificate. Every replacement
Warrant Certificate evidences an additional obligation of the Company.
Section 2.07. Outstanding Warrants. Warrants outstanding at any time are all
Warrants evidenced on all Warrant Certificates authenticated by the Warrant Agent except for those
canceled by it and those delivered to it for cancellation. A Warrant ceases to be outstanding if
the Company or an Affiliate of the Company, other than Bimini Capital Management, Inc. or any of
its subsidiaries, holds the Warrant.
If a Warrant Certificate is replaced pursuant to Section 2.06, the Warrants evidenced thereby
cease to be outstanding unless the Warrant Agent and the Company receive proof satisfactory to them
that the replaced Warrant Certificate is held by a bona fide purchaser.
Section 2.08. Cancellation. (a) In the event the Company shall purchase or
otherwise acquire Warrants, the same shall thereupon be delivered to the Warrant Agent for
cancellation.
(b) The Warrant Agent and no one else shall cancel and destroy all Warrant Certificates
surrendered for transfer, exchange, replacement, exercise or cancellation and deliver a certificate
of such destruction to the Company unless the Company directs the Warrant Agent
10
to deliver canceled Warrant Certificates to the Company. The Company may not issue new
Warrant Certificates to replace Warrant Certificates to the extent they evidence Warrants which
have been exercised or Warrants which the Company has purchased or otherwise acquired.
Section 2.09. CUSIP Numbers. The Company in issuing the Warrants may use CUSIP
numbers (if then generally in use) and, if so, the Warrant Agent shall use CUSIP numbers in
notices as a convenience to Holders; provided, however, that any such notice may state that no
representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Warrant
Certificates or as contained in any notice and that reliance may be placed only on the other
identification numbers printed on the Warrant Certificates.
ARTICLE III
EXERCISE TERMS
Section 3.01. Exercise. Each Warrant, when exercised, shall initially entitle the
Holder thereof, subject to adjustment pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, to purchase one
share of Common Stock. The exercise price (the Exercise Price) of each Warrant is $[ ] per
share, subject to adjustment as provided herein.
Section 3.02. Exercise Period. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein,
the Warrants shall be exercisable at any time and from time to time on any Business Day beginning
on [ ], 2011 until such Warrant expires pursuant to Section 3.03 (the Exercise Period).
Notwithstanding the foregoing, holders of Warrants will be able to exercise their Warrants only if
the exercise of such Warrants is exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act
and the Warrant Shares are qualified for sale or exempt from qualification under the applicable
securities laws of the states or other jurisdictions in which such holders reside.
Section 3.03. Expiration. A Warrant shall terminate and become void as of the close
of business on [ ], 2018 (the Expiration Date). The Company shall give notice not less than
30, and not more than 60, days prior to the Expiration Date to the Holders of all then outstanding
Warrants to the effect that the Warrants will terminate and become void as of the close of business
on the Expiration Date; provided, however, that if the Company fails to give notice as provided in
this Section 3.03, the Warrants will nevertheless expire and become void on the Expiration Date.
Section 3.04. Manner of Exercise. Warrants may be exercised upon (i) surrender to
the Warrant Agent at the office of the Warrant Agent of the related Warrant Certificate, together
with the form of election attached thereto to purchase Common Stock on the reverse thereof duly
filled in and signed by the Holder thereof and (ii) payment to the Warrant Agent, for the account
of the Company, of the Exercise Price for each Warrant Share or other security issuable upon the
exercise of such Warrants then exercised. Such payment shall be made in cash or by certified or
official bank check payable to the order of the Company or by wire transfer of funds to an account
designated by the Company for such purpose. Subject to Section 3.02, the rights represented by the
Warrants shall be exercisable at the election of the Holders thereof either in full at any time or
from time to time in part, and in the event that a Warrant Certificate
11
is surrendered for exercise of less than all the Warrants represented by such Warrant
Certificate at any time prior to the Expiration Date, a new Warrant Certificate representing the
remaining Warrants shall be issued. The Warrant Agent shall countersign and deliver the required
new Warrant Certificates, and the Company, at the Warrant Agents request, shall supply the Warrant
Agent with Warrant Certificates duly signed on behalf of the Company for such purpose.
Section 3.05. Issuance of Warrant Shares. Subject to Section 2.06, upon the
surrender of Warrant Certificates and payment of the Exercise Price, as set forth in Section 3.04,
the Company shall issue to the Holder thereof such number of Warrant Shares to which such Holder is
entitled and cause the transfer agent for the Common Stock (the Transfer Agent) to countersign
and deliver to or upon the written order of the Holder and in such name or names as the Holder may
designate, a certificate or certificates for the number of full Warrant Shares so purchased upon
the exercise of such Warrants or other securities or property to which it is entitled, registered
or otherwise, to the Person or Persons entitled to receive the same (including any depositary
institution so designated by a Holder), together with cash as provided in Section 3.06 in respect
of any fractional Warrant Shares otherwise issuable upon such exercise. Such certificate or
certificates shall be deemed to have been issued and any Person so designated to be named therein
shall be deemed to have become a holder of record of such Warrant Shares as of the date of the
surrender of such Warrant Certificates and payment of the per share Exercise Price, as aforesaid;
provided, however, that if, at such date, the transfer books for the Warrant Shares shall be
closed, the certificates for the Warrant Shares in respect of which such Warrants are then
exercised shall be issuable as of the date on which such books shall next be opened and until such
date the Company shall be under no duty to deliver any certificates for such Warrant Shares;
provided further, however, that such transfer books, unless otherwise required by law, shall not be
closed at any one time for a period longer than 20 calendar days.
Section 3.06. Fractional Warrant Shares. The Company shall not be required to issue
fractional Warrant Shares on the exercise of Warrants. If more than one Warrant shall be exercised
in full at the same time by the same Holder, the number of full Warrant Shares which shall be
issuable upon such exercise shall be computed on the basis of the aggregate number of Warrant
Shares which may be purchasable pursuant thereto. If any fraction of a Warrant Share would, except
for the provisions of this Section 3.06, be issuable upon the exercise of any Warrant (or specified
portion thereof), the Company shall pay, in lieu of issuing fractional shares, an amount in cash
equal to the Current Market Value per Warrant Share, as determined on the day immediately preceding
the date the Warrant is presented for exercise, multiplied by such fraction, computed to the
nearest whole cent.
Section 3.07. Reservation of Warrant Shares. The Company shall at all times keep
reserved out of its authorized shares of Common Stock a number of shares of Common Stock sufficient
to provide for the exercise of all outstanding Warrants. The Company shall cause the registrar for
the Common Stock (the Registrar) at all times until the Expiration Date to reserve such number of
authorized but unissued shares as shall be required for such purpose. The Company will keep a copy
of this Agreement on file with the Transfer Agent. The Company will supply such Transfer Agent
with duly executed stock certificates for such purpose and will itself provide or otherwise make
available any cash which may be payable as provided in Section 3.06. The Company will furnish to
such Transfer Agent a copy of all notices of adjustments (and certificates related thereto)
transmitted to each Holder.
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Before taking any action which would cause an adjustment pursuant to Article IV to reduce the
Exercise Price below the then par value (if any) of the Common Stock, the Company shall take any
and all corporate action which may, in the opinion of its counsel, be necessary in order that the
Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock at the
Exercise Price as so adjusted.
The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon exercise of Warrants
shall, upon issue, be fully paid, nonassessable, free of preemptive rights, free from all taxes and
free from all liens, charges and security interests with respect to the issue thereof.
Section 3.08. Compliance with Law. (a) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement
to the contrary, in no event shall a Holder be entitled to exercise a Warrant unless in the opinion
of counsel to the Company addressed to the Warrant Agent, the exercise of such Warrants is exempt
from the registration requirements of the Securities Act and such securities are qualified for sale
or exempt from qualification under the applicable securities laws of the states or other
jurisdictions in which such Holders reside.
(b) If any shares of Common Stock required to be reserved for purposes of the exercise of
Warrants require, under any other Federal or state law or applicable governing rule or regulation
of any national securities exchange, registration with or approval of any governmental authority,
or listing on any such national securities exchange before such shares may be issued upon exercise,
the Company will use its reasonable best efforts to cause such shares to be duly registered or
approved by such governmental authority or listed on the relevant national securities exchange, as
the case may be.
Section 3.09. Restrictions on Exercise and Transfer of Warrants. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary contained herein, no Warrant may be exercised or Transferred if it would
cause the Holder or the purported transferee to Beneficially Own or Constructively Own, within the
meaning of the Charter, outstanding shares of Common Stock in excess of the Stock Ownership Limit
or Excepted Holder Limit. Any Transfer of a Warrant that would result
in a violation of the
preceding sentence shall be void ab initio, and the intended trasferee shall
acquire no rights in such Warrant. Defined terms used in this Section 3.09 that are not otherwise
defined in this Agreement shall have the meaning provided for in the Charter.
ARTICLE IV
ANTIDILUTION PROVISIONS
Section 4.01. Changes in Common Stock.
(a) If after the date hereof, and subject to provisions of Section 3.06, the number of
outstanding shares of Common Stock is increased by a stock dividend payable in shares of Common
Stock, or by a split-up of shares of Common Stock, or other similar event, then, on the effective
date of such stock dividend, split-up or similar event, the number of shares
13
of Common Stock issuable on exercise of each Warrant shall be increased in proportion to such
increase in outstanding shares of Common Stock.
(b) If after the date hereof, and subject to provisions of Section 3.06, the number of
outstanding shares of Common Stock is decreased by a consolidation, combination, reverse stock
split or reclassification of shares of Common Stock or other similar event, then, on the effective
date of such consolidation, combination, reverse stock split, reclassification or similar event,
the number of shares of Common Stock issuable on exercise of each Warrant shall be decreased in
proportion to such decrease in outstanding shares of Common Stock.
(c) Whenever the number of shares of Common Stock purchasable on the exercise of Warrants is
adjusted, as provided in clauses (a) and (b) above, the Exercise Price shall be adjusted (to the
nearest cent) by multiplying such Exercise Price immediately prior to such adjustment by a fraction
(x) the numerator of which shall be the number of shares of Common Stock purchasable on exercise of
the Warrants immediately prior to such adjustment, and (y) the denominator of which shall be the
number of shares of Common Stock so purchasable immediately thereafter.
Section 4.02. Cash Dividends and Other Distributions. In the event that at any time
and from time to time the Company shall distribute to all holders of Common Stock (i) any dividend
or other distribution (including any dividend or distribution made in connection with a
consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing corporation) of cash, evidences of
its indebtedness, shares of its Capital Stock or any other properties or securities or (ii) any
options, warrants or other rights to subscribe for or purchase any of the foregoing (other than, in
the case of clause (i) and (ii) above, (A) any dividend or distribution described in Section 4.01,
(B) any rights, options, warrants or securities described in Section 4.03 and (C) any ordinary cash
dividends or other cash distributions from current or retained earnings), then the number of shares
of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of each Warrant immediately prior to such record date
for any such dividend or distribution shall be increased to a number determined by multiplying the
number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of such Warrant immediately prior to
such record date for any such dividend or distribution by a fraction, the numerator of which shall
be the Current Market Value per share of Common Stock on the record date for such dividend or
distribution, and the denominator of which shall be such Current Market Value per share of Common
Stock less the sum of (x) the amount of cash, if any, distributed per share of Common Stock and (y)
the then fair value (as determined in good faith by the Board, whose determination shall be
evidenced by a board resolution filed with the Warrant Agent, a copy of which will be sent to
Holders upon request) of the portion, if any, of the distribution applicable to one share of Common
Stock consisting of evidences of indebtedness, shares of stock, securities, other property,
warrants, options or subscription or purchase rights; and subject to Section 4.11, the Exercise
Price shall be adjusted to a number determined by dividing the Exercise Price immediately prior to
such record date by the above fraction. Such adjustments shall be made, and shall only become
effective, whenever any dividend or distribution is made; provided, however, that the Company is
not required to make an adjustment pursuant to this Section 4.02 if at the time of such
distribution the Company makes the same distribution to Holders of Warrants as it makes to holders
of Common Stock pro rata based on the number of shares of Common Stock for which such Warrants are
exercisable (whether or not currently exercisable). No adjustment shall be made pursuant to this
Section
14
4.02 which shall have the effect of decreasing the number of shares of Common Stock issuable
upon exercise of each Warrant or increasing the Exercise Price.
Section 4.03. Issuance of Rights or Options. In the event that at any time or from
time to time the Company shall issue to all holders of Common Stock (i) rights, options or warrants
to acquire (provided, however, that no adjustment shall be made under this Section 4.03 upon the
exercise of such rights, options or warrants), or (ii) securities convertible, exchangeable or
exercisable into (provided, however, that no adjustment shall be made under this Section 4.03 upon
the conversion or exchange of such securities (other than issuances specified in clauses (i) or
(ii) which are made as the result of anti-dilution adjustments in such securities)) Common Stock
entitling the holders thereof to subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock at a price per
share that is less than the Current Market Value per share of Common Stock in effect immediately
prior to such issuance other than in connection with the issuance of rights to all holders of
Common Stock pursuant to a stockholder rights plan adopted by the Company, the number of shares of
Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of each Warrant immediately after such issuance shall be
determined by multiplying the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of each
Warrant immediately prior to such issuance by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the
number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the issuance of such rights,
options, warrants or securities plus the number of additional shares of Common Stock offered for
subscription or purchase or into which such securities are convertible or exchangeable, and the
denominator of which shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to
the issuance of such rights, options, warrants or securities plus the total number of shares of
Common Stock which the aggregate consideration expected to be received by the Company upon the
exercise, conversion or exchange of such rights, options, warrants or securities (as determined in
good faith by the Board, whose determination shall be evidenced by a Board resolution filed with
the Warrant Agent, a copy of which will be sent to Holders upon request) would purchase at the
Current Market Value per share of Common Stock as of the record date; and, subject to Section 4.11,
in the event of any such adjustment, the Exercise Price shall be adjusted to a number determined by
dividing the Exercise Price immediately prior to such date of issuance by the aforementioned
fraction. Such adjustment shall be made, and shall only become effective, whenever such rights,
options, warrants or securities are issued. No adjustment shall be made pursuant to this Section
4.03 as a result of any issuance of rights, options or warrants (A) in connection with the exercise
of Warrants, (B) to officers, directors or employees of the Company pursuant to customary stock
incentive plans, (C) in connection with acquisitions of assets or businesses other than from
Affiliates of the Company or (D) which shall have the effect of decreasing the number of shares of
Common Stock issuable upon exercise of each Warrant or increasing the Exercise Price.
Section 4.04. Combination; Liquidation. (a) Except as provided in Section 4.04(b),
in the event of a Combination, each Holder shall have the right to receive upon exercise of the
Warrants the kind and amount of shares of Capital Stock or other securities or property which such
Holder would have been entitled to receive upon completion of or as a result of such Combination
had such Warrants been exercised immediately prior to such event or to the relevant record date for
any such entitlement. Unless paragraph (b) is applicable to a Combination, the Company shall
provide that the surviving or acquiring Person (the Successor Company) in such Combination will
enter into an agreement with the Warrant Agent confirming the Holders rights pursuant to this
Section 4.04(a) and providing for adjustments,
15
which shall be as nearly equivalent as may be practicable to the adjustments provided for in
this Article IV. The provisions of this Section 4.04(a) shall similarly apply to successive
Combinations involving any Successor Company.
(b) In the event of (i) a Combination where consideration to the holders of Common Stock in
exchange for their shares is payable solely in cash or (ii) the dissolution, liquidation or
winding-up of the Company, the Holders of the Warrants shall be entitled to receive, upon surrender
of their Warrant Certificates, such cash distributions on an equal basis with the holders of Common
Stock or other securities issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, as if the Warrants had been
exercised immediately prior to such event, less the Exercise Price, if positive. In no event shall
Holders of Warrants be required to pay any amount to such Successor Company or the Company.
In the event of any Combination described in this Section 4.04(b), the Successor Company, and,
in the event of any dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the Company, the Company, shall
deposit promptly with the Warrant Agent the funds, if any, necessary to pay the Holders of the
Warrants the amounts to which they are entitled as described above. After such funds and the
surrendered Warrant Certificates are received, the Warrant Agent shall make payment to the Holders
by delivering a check in such amount as is appropriate (or, in the case of consideration other than
cash, such other consideration as is appropriate) to such Person or Persons as it may be directed
in writing by the Holders surrendering such Warrants.
Section 4.05. Other Events. If any event occurs as to which the foregoing provisions
of this Article IV are not strictly applicable or, if strictly applicable, would not, in the good
faith judgment of the Board, fairly and adequately protect the purchase rights of the Warrants in
accordance with the essential intent and principles of such provisions, then such Board shall make
such adjustments in the application of such provisions, in accordance with such essential intent
and principles, as shall be reasonably necessary, in the good faith opinion of such Board, to
protect such purchase rights as aforesaid, but in no event shall any such adjustment have the
effect of increasing the Exercise Price or decreasing the number of shares of Common Stock issuable
upon exercise of the Warrants.
Section 4.06. Superseding Adjustment. Upon the expiration of any rights, options,
warrants or conversion or exchange privileges which resulted in adjustments pursuant to this
Article IV, if any thereof shall not have been exercised, the number of Warrant Shares issuable
upon the exercise of each Warrant shall be readjusted pursuant to the applicable section of Article
IV as if (i) the only shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of such rights, options,
warrants, conversion or exchange privileges were the shares of Common Stock, if any, actually
issued upon the exercise of such rights, options, warrants or conversion or exchange privileges and
(ii) shares of Common Stock actually issued, if any, were issuable for the consideration actually
received by the Company upon such exercise plus the aggregate consideration, if any, actually
received by the Company for the issuance, sale or grant of all such rights, options, warrants or
conversion or exchange privileges whether or not exercised and the Exercise Price shall be
readjusted inversely; provided, however, that no such readjustment (except by reason of an
intervening adjustment under Section 4.01) shall have the effect of decreasing the number of
Warrant Shares issuable upon the exercise of each Warrant or increasing the Exercise Price by an
amount in excess of the amount of the adjustment initially
16
made in respect of the issuance, sale or grant of such rights, options, warrants or conversion
or exchange privileges.
Section 4.07. Notice of Adjustment. Whenever the Exercise Price or the number of
shares of Common Stock and other property, if any, issuable upon exercise of the Warrants is
adjusted, as herein provided, the Company shall deliver to the Warrant Agent a certificate of a
firm of independent accountants selected by the Board (who may, to the extent it would not
compromise its independence, be the regular accountants employed by the Company) setting forth,
in reasonable detail, the event requiring the adjustment and the method by which such adjustment
was calculated (including a description of the basis on which (i) the Board determined the then
fair value of any evidences of indebtedness, other securities or property or warrants, options or
other subscription or purchase rights and (ii) the Current Market Value of the Common Stock was
determined, if either of such determinations were required), and specifying the Exercise Price and
the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants after giving effect to
such adjustment. The Company shall promptly cause the Warrant Agent to mail a copy of such
certificate to each Holder in accordance with Section 6.04. The Warrant Agent shall be entitled to
rely on such certificate and shall be under no duty or responsibility with respect to any such
certificate, except to exhibit the same from time to time, to any Holder desiring an inspection
thereof during reasonable business hours. The Warrant Agent shall not at any time be under any
duty or responsibility to any Holder to determine whether any facts exist which may require any
adjustment of the Exercise Price or the number of shares of Common Stock or other stock or property
issuable on exercise of the Warrants, or with respect to the nature or extent of any such
adjustment when made, or with respect to the method employed in making such adjustment or the
validity or value of any shares of Common Stock, evidences of indebtedness, warrants, options, or
other securities or property.
Section 4.08. Notice of Certain Transactions. In the event that the Company shall
propose to (a) pay any dividend payable in securities of any class to the holders of its Common
Stock or to make any other non-cash dividend or distribution to the holders of its Common Stock,
(b) offer the holders of its Common Stock rights to subscribe for or to purchase any securities
convertible into shares of Common Stock or shares of stock of any class or any other securities,
rights or options, (c) issue any (i) shares of Common Stock, (ii) rights, options or warrants
entitling the holders thereof to subscribe for shares of Common Stock or (iii) securities
convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Common Stock (in the case of (i), (ii) and
(iii), if such issuance or adjustment would result in an adjustment hereunder), (d) effect any
capital reorganization, reclassification, consolidation or merger, (e) effect the voluntary or
involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the Company or (f) make a tender offer or
exchange offer with respect to the Common Stock, the Company shall within five days after any such
action or offer send to the Warrant Agent a notice and the Warrant Agent shall within five days
after receipt thereof send the Holders a notice (in such form as shall be furnished to the Warrant
Agent by the Company) of such proposed action or offer. Such notice shall be mailed by the Warrant
Agent to the Holders at their addresses as they appear in the Certificate Register, which shall
specify the record date for the purposes of such dividend, distribution or rights, or the date such
issuance or event is to take place and the date of participation therein by the holders of Common
Stock, if any such date is to be fixed, and shall briefly indicate the effect, if any, of such
action on the Common Stock and on the number and kind of any other shares of stock and on other
property, if any, and the number of shares of Common Stock and other property, if any,
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issuable upon exercise of each Warrant and the Exercise Price after giving effect to any
adjustment pursuant to Article IV which will be required as a result of such action. Such notice
shall be given as promptly as possible and, to the extent practicable (x) in the case of any action
covered by clause (a) or (b) above, at least 10 days prior to the record date for determining
holders of the Common Stock for purposes of such action or (y) in the case of any other such
action, at least 20 days prior to the date of the taking of such proposed action or the date of
participation therein by the holders of Common Stock, whichever shall be the earlier.
Section 4.09. Adjustment to Warrant Certificate. The form of Warrant Certificate
need not be changed because of any adjustment made pursuant to this Article IV, and Warrant
Certificates issued after such adjustment may state the same Exercise Price and the same number of
shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants as are stated in the Warrant
Certificates initially issued pursuant to this Agreement. The Company, however, may at any time in
its sole discretion make any change in the form of Warrant Certificate that it may deem appropriate
to give effect to such adjustments and that does not affect the substance of the Warrant
Certificate, and any Warrant Certificate thereafter issued or countersigned, whether in exchange or
substitution for an outstanding Warrant Certificate or otherwise, may be in the form as so changed.
Section 4.10. Calculation of Consideration. For purposes of any computation
respecting consideration received pursuant to this Article IV, the following shall apply:
(a) in the case of the issuance of additional Common Stock for cash, the consideration shall
be the amount of such cash, provided that in no case shall any deduction be made for any
commissions, discounts or other expenses incurred by the Company for any underwriting of the issue
or otherwise in connection therewith; and
(b) in the case of the issuance of securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable
for Common Stock, the aggregate consideration received therefor shall be deemed to be the
consideration received by the Company for the issuance of such securities plus the additional
minimum consideration, if any, to be received by the Company upon the conversion, exchange or
exercise thereof (exclusive of the securities so converted, exchanged or exercised) (the
consideration in each case to be determined in the same manner as provided in clause (1) of this
subsection).
Section 4.11. Minimum Adjustment. The adjustments required by the preceding sections
of this Article IV shall be made whenever and as often as any specified event requiring an
adjustment shall occur, except that no adjustment of the Exercise Price or the number of shares of
Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants that would otherwise be required shall be made
unless and until such adjustment either by itself or with other adjustments not previously made
increases or decreases by at least 1% the Exercise Price or the number of shares of Common Stock
issuable upon exercise of the Warrants immediately prior to the making of such adjustment. Any
adjustment representing a change of less than such minimum amount shall be carried forward and made
as soon as such adjustment, together with other adjustments required by this Article IV and not
previously made, would result in a minimum adjustment. For the purpose of any adjustment, any
specified event shall be deemed to have occurred at the close of business on the date of its
occurrence. In computing adjustments under this Article IV,
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fractional interests in Common Stock shall be taken into account to the nearest one-hundredth
of a share.
ARTICLE V
WARRANT AGENT
Section 5.01. Appointment of Warrant Agent. The Company hereby appoints the Warrant
Agent to act as agent for the Company in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, and the
Warrant Agent hereby accepts such appointment. The Warrant Agent shall not be liable for anything
that it may do or refrain from doing in connection with this Agreement, except for its own gross
negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith.
Section 5.02. Rights and Duties of Warrant Agent.
(a) Agent for the Company. In acting under this Warrant Agreement and in connection
with the Warrant Certificates, the Warrant Agent is acting solely as agent of the Company and does
not assume any obligation or relationship or agency or trust for or with any of the holders of
Warrant Certificates or beneficial owners of Warrants.
(b) Counsel. The Warrant Agent may consult with counsel satisfactory to it (who may
be counsel to the Company), and the advice of such counsel shall be full and complete authorization
and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith
and in accordance with the advice of such counsel.
(c) Documents. The Warrant Agent shall be protected and shall incur no liability for
or in respect of any action taken or thing suffered by it in reliance upon any Warrant Certificate,
notice, direction, consent, certificate, affidavit, statement or other paper or document reasonably
believed by it to be genuine and to have been presented or signed by the proper parties.
(d) No Implied Obligations. The Warrant Agent shall be obligated to perform only such
duties as are specifically set forth herein and in the Warrant Certificates, and no implied duties
or obligations of the Warrant Agent shall be read into this Agreement or the Warrant Certificates
against the Warrant Agent. The Warrant Agent shall not be under any obligation to take any action
hereunder which may tend to involve it in any expense or liability for which it does not receive
indemnity if such indemnity is reasonably requested. The Warrant Agent shall not be accountable or
under any duty or responsibility for the use by the Company of any of the Warrant Certificates
countersigned by the Warrant Agent and delivered by it to the Holders or on behalf of the Holders
pursuant to this Agreement or for the application by the Company of the proceeds of the Warrants.
The Warrant Agent shall have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by the Company in the
performance of its covenants or agreements contained herein or in the Warrant Certificates or in
the case of the receipt of any written demand from a Holder with respect to such default, including
any duty or responsibility to initiate or attempt to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise.
(e) Not Responsible for Adjustments or Validity of Stock. The Warrant Agent shall not
at any time be under any duty or responsibility to any Holder to determine
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whether any facts exist that may require an adjustment of the number of shares of Common Stock
issuable upon exercise of each Warrant or the Exercise Price, or with respect to the nature or
extent of any adjustment when made, or with respect to the method employed, or herein or in any
supplemental agreement provided to be employed, in making the same. The Warrant Agent shall not be
accountable with respect to the validity or value of any shares of Common Stock or of any
securities or property which may at any time be issued or delivered upon the exercise of any
Warrant or upon any adjustment pursuant to Article IV, and it makes no representation with respect
thereto. The Warrant Agent shall not be responsible for any failure of the Company to make any
cash payment or to issue, transfer or deliver any shares of Common Stock or stock certificates upon
the surrender of any Warrant Certificate for the purpose of exercise or upon any adjustment
pursuant to Article IV, or to comply with any of the covenants of the Company contained in Article
IV.
Section 5.03. Individual Rights of Warrant Agent. The Warrant Agent and any
stockholder, director, officer or employee of the Warrant Agent may buy, sell or deal in any of the
Warrants or other securities of the Company or its affiliates or become pecuniarily interested in
transactions in which the Company or its affiliates may be interested, or contract with or lend
money to the Company or its affiliates or otherwise act as fully and freely as though it were not
the Warrant Agent under this Agreement. Nothing herein shall preclude the Warrant Agent from
acting in any other capacity for the Company or for any other legal entity.
Section 5.04. Warrant Agents Disclaimer. The Warrant Agent shall not be responsible
for and makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Agreement or the Warrant
Certificates and it shall not be responsible for any statement in this Agreement or the Warrant
Certificates other than its countersignature thereon.
Section 5.05. Compensation and Indemnity. The Company agrees to pay the Warrant
Agent from time to time reasonable compensation for its services as set forth on Schedule A
attached hereto and to reimburse the Warrant Agent upon request for all reasonable out-of-pocket
expenses incurred by it, including the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Warrant Agents
agents and counsel. The Company shall indemnify the Warrant Agent, its officers, directors, agents
and counsel against any loss, liability or expense (including reasonable agents and attorneys
fees and expenses) incurred by it without gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith on its
part arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or performance of its duties under this
Agreement. The Warrant Agent shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek
indemnity. The Company need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability
incurred by the Warrant Agent through willful misconduct, gross negligence or bad faith. The
Companys payment obligations pursuant to this Section 5.05 shall survive the termination of this
Agreement.
To secure the Companys payment obligations under this Agreement, the Warrant Agent shall have
a lien prior to the Holders on all money or property held or collected by the Warrant Agent.
Section 5.06. Successor Warrant Agent.
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(a) The Company to Provide and Maintain Warrant Agent. The Company agrees for the
benefit of the Holders that there shall at all times be a Warrant Agent hereunder until all the
Warrants have been exercised or cancelled or are no longer exercisable. Any Warrant Agent must be
a bank or trust company authorized under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization to
exercise corporate trust powers to qualify as the Warrant Agent hereunder.
(b) Resignation and Removal. The Warrant Agent may at any time resign by giving
written notice to the Company of such intention on its part, specifying the date on which its
desired resignation shall become effective; provided, however, that such date shall not be less
than 60 days after the date on which such notice is given unless the Company otherwise agrees. The
Warrant Agent hereunder may be removed at any time by the filing with it of an instrument in
writing signed by or on behalf of the Company and specifying such removal and the date when it
shall become effective, which date shall not be less than 60 days after such notice is given unless
the Warrant Agent otherwise agrees. Any removal under this Section 5.06 shall take effect upon the
appointment by the Company as hereinafter provided of a successor Warrant Agent (which shall be a
bank or trust company authorized under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization to exercise
corporate trust powers) and the acceptance of such appointment by such successor Warrant Agent.
(c) The Company To Appoint Successor. In the event that at any time the Warrant Agent
shall resign, or shall be removed, or shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged
bankrupt or insolvent, or shall commence a voluntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws, as now
or hereafter constituted, or under any other applicable U.S. Federal or state bankruptcy,
insolvency or similar law or shall consent to the appointment of or taking possession by a
receiver, custodian, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar official) of the
Warrant Agent or its property or affairs, or shall make an assignment for the benefit of creditors,
or shall admit in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, or shall
take corporate action in furtherance of any such action, or a decree or order for relief by a court
having jurisdiction in the premises shall have been entered in respect of the Warrant Agent in an
involuntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other
applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law, or a decree or order by a court
having jurisdiction in the premises shall have been entered for the appointment of a receiver,
custodian, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of the Warrant Agent
or of its property or affairs, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Warrant
Agent or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation, winding up or
liquidation, a successor Warrant Agent, qualified as aforesaid, shall be appointed by the Company
by an instrument in writing, filed with the successor Warrant Agent. In the event that a successor
Warrant Agent is not appointed by the Company, a successor Warrant Agent, qualified as aforesaid,
shall be appointed by the Warrant Agent or the Warrant Agent shall petition a court to appoint a
successor Warrant Agent. Upon the appointment as aforesaid of a successor Warrant Agent and
acceptance by the successor Warrant Agent of such appointment, the Warrant Agent shall cease to be
Warrant Agent hereunder; provided, however, that in the event of the resignation of the Warrant
Agent under this subsection (c), such resignation shall be effective on the earlier of (i) the date
specified in the Warrant Agents notice of resignation and (ii) the appointment and acceptance of a
successor Warrant Agent hereunder.
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(d) Successor To Expressly Assume Duties. Any successor Warrant Agent appointed
hereunder shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to its predecessor and to the Company an
instrument accepting such appointment hereunder, and thereupon such successor Warrant Agent,
without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights and
obligations of such predecessor with like effect as if originally named as Warrant Agent hereunder,
and such predecessor, upon payment of its charges and disbursements then unpaid, shall thereupon
become obligated to transfer, deliver and pay over, and such successor Warrant Agent shall be
entitled to receive, all monies, securities and other property on deposit with or held by such
predecessor, as Warrant Agent hereunder.
(e) Successor by Merger. Any corporation into which the Warrant Agent hereunder may
be merged or consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger or consolidation to which
the Warrant Agent shall be a party, or any corporation to which the Warrant Agent shall sell or
otherwise transfer all or substantially all of its assets and business, shall be the successor
Warrant Agent under this Agreement without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act
on the part of any of the parties hereto; provided, however, that it shall be qualified as
aforesaid.
ARTICLE VI
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 6.01. Persons Benefiting. Nothing in this Agreement is intended or shall be
construed to confer upon any Person other than the Company, the Warrant Agent and the Holders any
right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement or any part hereof.
Section 6.02. Rights of Holders. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement,
Holders of unexercised Warrants are not entitled to (i) receive dividends or other distributions,
(ii) receive notice of or vote at any meeting of the stockholders, (iii) consent to any action of
the stockholders, (iv) receive notice of any other proceedings of the Company, (v) exercise any
preemptive right or (vi) exercise any other rights whatsoever as stockholders of the Company.
Section 6.03. Amendment. This Agreement may be amended by the parties hereto without
the consent of any Holder for the purpose of (a) curing any ambiguity, (b) curing, correcting or
supplementing any defective provision contained herein or (c) adding or changing any other
provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Agreement as the Company and the
Warrant Agent may deem necessary or desirable (including without limitation any addition or
modification to provide for compliance with the transfer restrictions set forth herein); provided,
however, that such action shall not adversely affect the rights of any of the Holders. Any
amendment or supplement to this Agreement that has an adverse effect on the interests of the
Holders shall require the written consent of the Holders of a majority of the then outstanding
Warrants. The consent of each Holder affected shall be required for any amendment pursuant to
which (i) the Exercise Price would be increased, (ii) the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon
exercise of Warrants would be decreased (other than pursuant to adjustments provided for herein),
(iii) the Exercise Period would be decreased or (iv) any other material change is made that
adversely affects the rights of any Holder. In determining whether the Holders of the required
number of Warrants have concurred in any direction, waiver or consent,
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Warrants owned by the Company or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or
controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company shall be disregarded and
deemed not to be outstanding, except that, for the purpose of determining whether the Warrant Agent
shall be protected in relying on any such direction, waiver or consent, only Warrants which the
Warrant Agent knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. Also, subject to the foregoing, only
Warrants outstanding at the time shall be considered in any such determination.
Section 6.04. Notices. Any notice or communication shall be in writing and delivered
(i) in Person, (ii) by first-class mail, (iii) by facsimile transmission with telephonic
confirmation or (iv) by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested,
addressed as follows:
if to the Company:
Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
3305 Flamingo Drive
Vero Beach, Florida 32963
Facsimile: (772) 231-2896
Attention: Robert E. Cauley
if to the Warrant Agent:
Continental
Stock Transfer & Trust Company [ ]
Telephone: [ ]
Facsimile: [ ]
Attention: [ ]
The Company or the Warrant Agent by notice to the other may designate additional or different
addresses for subsequent notices or communications.
Any notice or communication mailed to a Holder shall be mailed to the Holder at the Holders
address as it appears on the Certificate Register and shall be sufficiently given if so mailed
within the time prescribed.
Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Holder or any defect in it shall not affect its
sufficiency with respect to other Holders. If a notice or communication is mailed in the manner
provided above, it is duly given, whether or not the addressee receives it.
Section 6.05. Governing Law. The laws of the State of New York shall govern this
Agreement and the Warrant Certificates.
Section 6.06. Successors. All agreements of the Company in this Agreement and the
Warrant Certificates shall bind its successors. All agreements of the Warrant Agent in this
Agreement shall bind its successors.
Section 6.07. Multiple Originals, Counterparts. The parties may sign any number of
copies of this Agreement and may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which
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shall be deemed to be an original as against any party whose signature appears thereon, and
all of which shall together constitute one and the same instrument. This Agreement shall become
binding when one or more counterparts of this Agreement, individually or taken together, shall bear
the signatures of all of the parties reflected hereon as the signatories. One signed copy is
enough to prove this Agreement.
Section 6.08. Table of Contents. The table of contents and headings of the Articles
and Sections of this Agreement have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not
intended to be considered a part hereof and shall not modify or restrict any of the terms or
provisions hereof.
Section 6.09. Severability. The provisions of this Agreement are severable, and if
any clause or provision shall be held invalid, illegal or unenforceable in whole or in part in any
jurisdiction, then such invalidity or unenforceability shall affect in that jurisdiction only such
clause or provision, or part thereof, and shall not in any manner affect such clause or provision
in any other jurisdiction or any other clause or provision of this Agreement in any jurisdiction.
[Signatures Appear on the Following Page.]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Warrant Agreement to be duly executed as of
the date first written above.
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ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC. |
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Name: Robert E. Cauley
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Title: Chief Executive Officer and President |
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CONTINENTAL STOCK TRANSFER & TRUST COMPANY,
as Warrant Agent, |
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Name:
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EXHIBIT A
[FORM OF FACE OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE]
THE WARRANTS REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE AND THE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK UNDERLYING THE
WARRANTS ARE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS ON BENEFICIAL AND CONSTRUCTIVE OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER. NO
WARRANT MAY BE EXERCISED OR TRANSFERRED IF IT WOULD CAUSE THE HOLDER OR THE PURPORTED TRANSFEREE TO
BENEFICIALLY OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF COMMON STOCK OF ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC. (THE
CORPORATION) IN EXCESS OF THE STOCK OWNERSHIP LIMIT OR EXCEPTED HOLDER LIMIT (EACH AS DEFINED IN
THE CHARTER OF THE CORPORATION).
ANY TRANSFER OF A WARRANT THAT WOULD RESULT IN A VIOLATION OF THE PRECEDING SENTENCE SHALL BE VOID
AB INITIO, AND THE INTENDED TRANSFEREE SHALL
ACQUIRE NO RIGHTS IN SUCH WARRANT.
SUBJECT TO CERTAIN FURTHER RESTRICTIONS AND EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY
PROVIDED IN THE CHARTER OF THE CORPORATION, (I) NO PERSON MAY BENEFICIALLY OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN
SHARES OF ANY CLASS OR SERIES OF THE CAPITAL STOCK OF THE CORPORATION IN EXCESS OF NINE AND
EIGHT-TENTHS PERCENT (9.8%) IN VALUE OR IN NUMBER OF SHARES, WHICHEVER IS MORE RESTRICTIVE, OF ANY
CLASS OR SERIES OF CAPITAL STOCK OF THE CORPORATION UNLESS SUCH PERSON IS AN EXCEPTED HOLDER (IN
WHICH CASE THE EXCEPTED HOLDER LIMIT SHALL BE APPLICABLE); (II) NO PERSON MAY BENEFICIALLY OR
CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK THAT WOULD RESULT IN THE CORPORATION BEING CLOSELY
HELD UNDER SECTION 856(H) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986, AS AMENDED (THE CODE) (WITHOUT
REGARD TO WHETHER THE OWNERSHIP INTEREST IS HELD DURING THE LAST HALF OF THE TAXABLE YEAR) OR WOULD
OTHERWISE CAUSE THE CORPORATION TO FAIL TO QUALIFY AS A REIT AND (III) NO PERSON MAY TRANSFER
SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK THAT WOULD RESULT IN THE CAPITAL STOCK OF THE CORPORATION BEING
BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY LESS THAN ONE HUNDRED (100) PERSONS (DETERMINED WITHOUT REFERENCE TO ANY
RULES UNDER THE PRINCIPLES OF SECTION 856(a)(5) OF THE CODE). ANY PERSON WHO BENEFICIALLY OR
CONSTRUCTIVELY OWNS OR ATTEMPTS TO BENEFICIALLY OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK WHICH
CAUSES OR WILL CAUSE A PERSON TO BENEFICIALLY OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK IN
EXCESS OR IN VIOLATION OF THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MUST IMMEDIATELY NOTIFY THE CORPORATION. IF ANY OF
THE RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER OR OWNERSHIP IN (I) AND (II) ABOVE ARE VIOLATED, THE SHARES OF CAPITAL
STOCK REPRESENTED HEREBY WILL BE AUTOMATICALLY TRANSFERRED TO A TRUSTEE OF A CHARITABLE TRUST FOR
THE BENEFIT OF ONE OR MORE CHARITABLE BENEFICIARIES. IF, NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING SENTENCE, A
TRANSFER TO THE CHARITABLE TRUST IS NOT EFFECTIVE FOR ANY REASON TO PREVENT A VIOLATION OF THE
RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP IN (I) AND (II) ABOVE, THEN THE ATTEMPTED TRANSFER OF
THAT NUMBER OF SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK THAT OTHERWISE WOULD CAUSE ANY PERSON TO VIOLATE SUCH
RESTRICTIONS SHALL BE VOID AB INITIO. IF THE RESTRICTION IN (III) ABOVE IS
VIOLATED, ANY SUCH TRANSFERS WILL BE VOID AB INITIO. IN ADDITION, THE CORPORATION
MAY REDEEM SHARES UPON THE TERMS AND
CONDITIONS SPECIFIED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS IN ITS SOLE DISCRETION IF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
DETERMINES THAT OWNERSHIP OR A TRANSFER OR OTHER EVENT MAY VIOLATE THE RESTRICTIONS DESCRIBED
ABOVE. ALL CAPITALIZED TERMS IN THIS PARAGRAPH HAVE THE MEANINGS DEFINED IN THE CHARTER OF THE
CORPORATION, AS THE SAME MAY BE AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME, A COPY OF WHICH, INCLUDING THE
RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP, WILL BE FURNISHED TO EACH HOLDER OF CAPITAL STOCK OF THE
CORPORATION ON REQUEST AND WITHOUT CHARGE. REQUESTS FOR SUCH A COPY MAY BE DIRECTED TO THE
SECRETARY OF THE CORPORATION AT ITS PRINCIPAL OFFICE. KEEP THIS CERTIFICATE IN A SAFE PLACE. IF
IT IS LOST, STOLEN OR DESTROYED, THE CORPORATION WILL REQUIRE A BOND OF INDEMNITY AS A CONDITION TO
THE ISSUANCE OF A REPLACEMENT CERTIFICATE.
THE WARRANTS REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE AND THE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK UNDERLYING THE
WARRANTS HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE 1933 ACT), OR
THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE. THE HOLDER OF THIS SECURITY AND ANY SECURITY UNDERLYING THIS
SECURITY AGREES FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE COMPANY THAT (A) THIS SECURITY AND ANY SECURITY UNDERLYING
THIS SECURITY MAY BE OFFERED, RESOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED (1) PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, (2) PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION
UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN THE CASE OF (2) IN ACCORDANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS
OF ANY STATE OF THE UNITED STATES OR ANY OTHER APPLICABLE JURISDICTION OR (3) TO THE COMPANY OR A
SUBSIDIARY THEREOF, AND (B) THE HOLDER OF THIS SECURITY AND ANY SECURITY UNDERLYING THIS SECURITY
WILL, AND EACH SUBSEQUENT HOLDER HEREOF AND THEREOF IS REQUIRED TO, NOTIFY ANY PURCHASER OF THIS
SECURITY AND ANY SECURITY UNDERLYING THIS SECURITY FROM IT OF THE RESALE RESTRICTIONS REFERRED TO
IN (A) ABOVE.
THE CORPORATION WILL FURNISH TO ANY STOCKHOLDER, ON REQUEST AND WITHOUT CHARGE, A FULL
STATEMENT OF THE INFORMATION REQUIRED BY SECTION 2-211(B) OF THE CORPORATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS
ARTICLE OF THE ANNOTATED CODE OF MARYLAND WITH RESPECT TO THE DESIGNATIONS AND ANY PREFERENCES,
CONVERSION AND OTHER RIGHTS, VOTING POWERS, RESTRICTIONS, LIMITATIONS AS TO DIVIDENDS AND OTHER
DISTRIBUTIONS, QUALIFICATIONS, AND TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF REDEMPTION OF THE STOCK OF EACH CLASS
WHICH THE CORPORATION HAS AUTHORITY TO ISSUE AND, IF THE CORPORATION IS AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE ANY
PREFERRED OR SPECIAL CLASS IN SERIES, (I) THE DIFFERENCES IN THE RELATIVE RIGHTS AND PREFERENCES
BETWEEN THE SHARES OF EACH SERIES TO THE EXTENT SET, AND (II) THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF
DIRECTORS TO SET SUCH RIGHTS AND PREFERENCES OF SUBSEQUENT SERIES. THE FOREGOING SUMMARY DOES NOT
PURPORT TO BE COMPLETE AND IS SUBJECT TO AND QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY
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BY REFERENCE TO THE CHARTER OF THE CORPORATION, A COPY OF WHICH WILL BE SENT WITHOUT CHARGE TO EACH
STOCKHOLDER WHO SO REQUESTS. SUCH REQUEST MUST BE MADE TO THE SECRETARY OF THE CORPORATION AT ITS
PRINCIPAL OFFICE.
THE WARRANTS EVIDENCED BY THIS CERTIFICATE SHALL EXPIRE ON THE CLOSE OF BUSINESS ON [ ],
2018.
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Warrant Certificate No.:
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CUSIP No: |
Number of Warrants: |
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Date: |
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WARRANTS TO PURCHASE COMMON STOCK OF
ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC.
THIS CERTIFIES THAT , or its registered assigns, is the registered holder of the number of
Warrants set forth above (the Warrants). Each Warrant entitles the holder thereof (the
Holder), at its option and subject to the provisions contained herein and in the Warrant
Agreement referred to below, to purchase from ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC., a Maryland corporation
(the Company), one share of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Company (the Common
Stock) at an exercise price of $[ ] per share (the Exercise Price). This Warrant Certificate
shall terminate and become void as of the close of business on [ ], 2018. The number of shares
issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and the Exercise Price per share shall be subject to
adjustment from time to time as set forth in the Warrant Agreement.
This Warrant Certificate is issued under and in accordance with a Warrant Agreement dated as
of [ ], 2011 (the Warrant Agreement), between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer &
Trust Company (the Warrant Agent, which term includes any successor Warrant Agent under the
Warrant Agreement), and is subject to the terms and provisions contained in the Warrant Agreement,
to all of which terms and provisions the Holder of this Warrant Certificate consents by acceptance
hereof. The Warrant Agreement is hereby incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof.
Reference is hereby made to the Warrant Agreement for a full statement of the respective rights,
limitations of rights, duties and obligations of the Company, the Warrant Agent and the Holders of
the Warrants. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed
thereto in the Warrant Agreement. A copy of the Warrant Agreement may be obtained for inspection
by the Holder hereof upon written request to the Warrant Agent at [ ], Attention: [ ].
Subject to the terms of the Warrant Agreement, the Warrants may be exercised in whole or in
part by presentation of this Warrant Certificate with the Election to Purchase attached hereto duly
executed and with the simultaneous payment of the Exercise Price in cash (subject to adjustment) to
the Warrant Agent for the account of the Company at the office of the Warrant Agent. Payment of
the Exercise Price in cash shall be made by certified or official bank check payable to the order
of the Company or by wire transfer of funds to an account designated by the Company for such
purpose.
As provided in the Warrant Agreement and subject to the terms and conditions therein set
forth, the Warrants shall be exercisable at any time and from time to time on any Business Day
beginning on [ ], 2011 until the close of business on [ ]; provided, however, that Holders of
Warrants will be able to exercise their Warrants only if the exercise of such Warrants is exempt
from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and such securities are qualified
for sale or exempt from qualification under the applicable securities laws of the states or other
jurisdictions in which such Holders reside.
4
In the event of a Combination, the Holder hereof will be entitled to receive upon exercise of
the Warrants the kind and amount of shares of Capital Stock or other securities or other property
as the Holder would have received had the Holder exercised its Warrants immediately prior to such
Combination; provided, however, that in the event that, in connection with such Combination,
consideration to holders of Common Stock in exchange for their shares is payable solely in cash or
in the event of the dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the Company, the Holder hereof will
be entitled to receive such cash distributions on an equal basis with the holders of Common Stock
or other securities issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, as if the Warrants had been exercised
immediately prior to such Combination, less the Exercise Price, if positive. In no event shall
Holders of Warrants be required to pay any amount to such surviving or acquiring Person or the
Company.
As provided in the Warrant Agreement, the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the
exercise of the Warrants and the Exercise Price are subject to adjustment upon the happening of
certain events.
The Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to pay all taxes, assessments or other
governmental charges in connection with the transfer or exchange of the Warrant Certificates
pursuant to Section 2.04(c) of the Warrant Agreement, but not for any exchange or original issuance
(not involving a transfer) with respect to temporary warrant Certificates, the exercise of the
Warrants or the Warrant Shares.
Upon any partial exercise of the Warrants, there shall be countersigned and issued to the
Holder hereof a new Warrant Certificate representing those Warrants which were not exercised. This
Warrant Certificate may be exchanged at the office of the Warrant Agent by presenting this Warrant
Certificate properly endorsed with a request to exchange this Warrant Certificate for other Warrant
Certificates evidencing an equal number of Warrants. At the option of the Company, no fractional
Warrant Shares will be issued upon the exercise of the Warrants, but the Company shall pay, in lieu
of issuing fractional shares, an amount in cash equal to the Current Market Value per Warrant Share
on the day immediately preceding the date the Warrant is exercised, multiplied by the fraction of a
Warrant Share that would be issuable on the exercise of any Warrant.
All shares of Common Stock issuable by the Company upon the exercise of the Warrants shall,
upon such issue, be duly and validly issued and fully paid and non-assessable.
The holder in whose name the Warrant Certificate is registered may be deemed and treated by
the Company and the Warrant Agent as the absolute owner of the Warrant Certificate for all purposes
whatsoever, and neither the Company nor the Warrant Agent shall be affected by notice to the
contrary.
The Warrants do not entitle any Holder hereof to any of the rights of a stockholder of the
Company.
This Warrant Certificate shall not be valid or obligatory for any purpose until it shall have
been countersigned by the Warrant Agent.
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ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC. |
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By: |
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Name:
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Title: |
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By: |
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Name:
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Title: |
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DATED:
Countersigned:
CONTINENTAL STOCK TRANSFER & TRUST COMPANY,
as Warrant Agent,
6
EXHIBIT B
FORM OF ELECTION TO PURCHASE WARRANT SHARES
(to be executed only upon exercise of Warrants)
ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC.
The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise Warrants to acquire shares of Common
Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC., at an exercise price of $[ ]
per share of Common Stock, and otherwise on the terms and conditions specified in the within
Warrant Certificate and the Warrant Agreement therein referred to, surrenders this Warrant
Certificate and all right, title and interest therein to ORCHID ISLAND CAPITAL, INC. and directs
that the shares of Common Stock deliverable upon the exercise of such Warrants be registered or
placed in the name and at the address specified below and delivered thereto.
Date:__________________, ____
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(Signature of Owner)
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(Street Address)
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(City) (State)
(Zip Code)
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Signature Guaranteed by: |
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The signature must correspond with the name as written
upon the face of the within Warrant Certificate in every particular, without
alteration or enlargement or any change whatever, and must be guaranteed by a
national bank or trust company or by a member firm of any national securities
exchange. |
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Securities and/or check to be issued to:
Please insert social security or identifying number:
Name:
Street Address:
City, State and Zip Code:
A new Warrant Certificate evidencing any unexercised Warrants evidenced by the within Warrant
Certificate is to be issued to:
Please insert social security or identifying number:
Name:
Street Address:
City, State and Zip Code:
8
EXHIBIT C
CERTIFICATE TO BE DELIVERED IN CONNECTION
WITH TRANSFER OF WARRANTS
In connection with any transfer of any of the Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate,
the undersigned certifies and represents and warrants to Orchid Island Capital, Inc. (the Company) and
Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Warrant Agent, that the transfer of such Warrants
does not require registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act),
because such Warrants are being transferred pursuant to an exemption from registration under the
Securities Act.
Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary contained in the Warrant Agreement, no Warrant may be exercised or transferred if it would cause the holder or
purported transferee to Beneficially Own or Constructively Own, within the meaning of the Companys Articles of Amendment and Restatement,
outstanding shares of Common Stock in excess of the Stock Ownership
Limit or Excepted Holder Limit. Any Transfer of a Warrant, that would
result in a violation of the preceding sentence shall be void ab initio, and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such Warrant.
Unless the undersigned has made the representation set forth above, the Warrant Agent will
refuse to register any of the Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate in the name of any
person other than the registered holder thereof; provided, however, that if box (2) is checked, the
Warrant Agent and the Company may require, prior to registering any such transfer of the Warrants,
such legal opinions, additional certifications and other information as the Company has reasonably
requested to confirm that such transfer is being made pursuant to an exemption from, or in a
transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act.
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Signature
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Signature Guarantee: |
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Signature must be guaranteed
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Signature
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9
exv23w1
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
Vero Beach, Florida
We hereby consent to the use in the Prospectus constituting a part of Amendment No. 2 of this
Registration Statement of our report dated May 3, 2011, relating to the financial statements of
Orchid Island Capital, Inc., which is contained in that Prospectus.
We also consent to the reference to us under the caption Experts in the Prospectus.
/s/ BDO USA, LLP
Certified Public Accountants
West Palm Beach, Florida
July 11, 2011
exv99w3
Exhibit 99.3
CONSENT TO BE NAMED AS DIRECTOR
The undersigned hereby consents: (i) to being named as a person who has agreed to serve as a
director of Orchid Island Capital, Inc. (the Company) upon the completion of the initial public
offering of common stock described in the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-11 (as amended
or supplemented, the Registration Statement); and (ii) to the inclusion of his or her
biographical information in the Registration Statement.
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/s/ AVA L. PARKER
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Ava L. Parker |
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Dated: July 11, 2011 |
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exv99w4
Exhibit 99.4
CONSENT TO BE NAMED AS DIRECTOR
The undersigned hereby consents: (i) to being named as a person who has agreed to serve as a
director of Orchid Island Capital, Inc. (the Company) upon the completion of the initial public
offering of common stock described in the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-11 (as amended
or supplemented, the Registration Statement); and (ii) to the inclusion of his or her
biographical information in the Registration Statement.
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/s/ FRANK P. FILIPPS
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Frank P. Filipps |
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Dated: July 11, 2011 |
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